（鄂爾多斯專版）2019中考英語(yǔ)高分復(fù)習(xí) 第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇 語(yǔ)法專題09 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

鄂爾多斯專版 PART TWO第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題（九） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。(2)動(dòng)名詞的用法。(3)分詞的用法。 動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種, 即帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。其沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not to do sth.”?？键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式 1.作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu):Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。 2.作賓語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)搭配:would like/want to do想要做used to do 過(guò)去常常做agree to do同意做hope/wish to do希望做decide to do 決定做try to do 盡力做begin/start to do開(kāi)始做expect to do 期望做 refuse to do 拒絕做afford to do 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做learn to do 學(xué)習(xí)做plan to do計(jì)劃做prefer to do 更喜歡做continue to do繼續(xù)做promise to do承諾做happen to do 碰巧做manage to do 設(shè)法做成prepare to do 準(zhǔn)備做 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那兒。(2)在think, find, make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)(不定式)移至形容詞之后,構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難。to get 3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)必須加上to。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)搭配:tell sb.(not) to do 告訴某人(不要)做ask sb.(not) to do要求某人(不要)做wish sb.to do 希望某人做invite sb.to do 邀請(qǐng)某人做want sb.to do 想要某人做teach sb.to do 教某人做 allow sb.to do 允許某人做warn sb.to do 警告某人做expect sb.to do 期望某人做advise sb.to do 建議某人做order sb.to do 命令某人做lead sb.to do 帶領(lǐng)某人做prefer sb.to do 寧愿某人做encourage sb.to do 鼓勵(lì)某人做The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。 to do (2)必須省略to。一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式必須加上to。We often hear her sing.我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱歌。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): She is often heard to sing.(3)既可加上to也可省略to。help sb.(to) do sth. 4.作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語(yǔ)) 5.作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語(yǔ)。I dont have a partner to practice English with.我沒(méi)有一個(gè)一起練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同伴。6.作表語(yǔ)Their duty is the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。to look after/take care of 7. “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問(wèn)詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語(yǔ))what to wear 考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“v.+-ing”構(gòu)成, 其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì), 也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語(yǔ)Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.過(guò)度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?2.作賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有 enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stop/preventfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun等。 Have you finished the book? 你看完這本書(shū)了嗎?reading【巧學(xué)妙記】 后接doing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):完成練習(xí)值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy);繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keep on, be used to, give up);考慮建議不禁想(consider, suggest, cant help; feel like);喜歡思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)。 4.作定語(yǔ)I often go to the . 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 reading room3.作表語(yǔ)The nurses job is the patients. 護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。looking after/taking care of 【拓展】 有些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞, 但表達(dá)的意義不同。(1)stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ))(2)try to do sth. 試圖(企圖)做某事;盡力做某事 try doing sth.試著做某事(3)forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還沒(méi)做)forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(還沒(méi)做)remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事(已做)(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)所做的事 (6)sth. need doing某事需要做(被動(dòng)含義)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義) 考點(diǎn)三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意;過(guò)去分詞(v.-ed)有被動(dòng)、完成之意。1.作定語(yǔ)China is a country. America is a country. 中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家,美國(guó)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)叫李明的男孩。2.作表語(yǔ)The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書(shū)很有趣,我對(duì)它感興趣。developing developed 3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I saw her going upstairs.我看見(jiàn)她正在上樓。I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。4.作狀語(yǔ)Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們有說(shuō)有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。 5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語(yǔ)態(tài)上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng), 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí)the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(jí)(2)在時(shí)間上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 the developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家the developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 6.易混結(jié)構(gòu) 使役動(dòng)詞(make, keep, let, have等)易混結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分。如have sb.doing sth.與have sth.done 的區(qū)別:(1)have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”, doing表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性。Dont have your friend waiting outside for a long time.不要讓你的朋友在外面一直等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(2)have sth.done 意為“讓某人做某事”, 相當(dāng)于ask sb.to do sth., done 表示讓他人完成, 有被動(dòng)之意。I had my computer repaired yesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性。Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我會(huì)讓人為你修理自行車的。