組織行為學(xué)OB 期末復(fù)習(xí)題

Chapter 5 Perception and Individual Decision Making1.What are the three classes of factors that influence perception?a.factors in the setting, factors in the environment and factors in the motivesb.factors in the perceiver, factors in the target and factors in the situationc.factors in the character, factors in knowledge and factors in experienced.factors in the personality, factors in the character and factors in the valuese.factors in the senses, factors in the surroundings and factors in the lighting2.Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. Where do the factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside?a.the perceiversb.the targetc.the timingd.the context e.the situation3.What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior differently depending on the meaning we assign to the actor?a.Behavioral Theoryb.Judgment Theory c.Selective Perception Theoryd.Attribution Theorye.Equality Theory4.What does consensus refer to in attribution theory?a.there is general agreement about a perceptionb.different people respond the same way in the same situationc.there is general agreement about how people desire to respond to the same situationd.different people perceive a situation similarlye.all people behave precisely the same way in certain situations5.If everyone who is faced with a similar situation responds in the same way, attribution theory states that the behavior shows _.a.consensusb.similarityc.reliabilityd.consistencye.stability6.What term is used for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?a.fundamental attribution errorb.self-serving biasc.selective perceptiond.consistencye.actor bias7.What name is used for the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors?a.fundamental attribution errorb.self-serving biasc.consistencyd.selective perceptione.stereotyping8.Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we perceive, we engage in _.a.selective perceptionb.memorizationc.mental desensitizationd.periodic listeninge.linear clustering9.What is the term used for a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance?a.the contrast effectb.personal biasc.prejudiced.the halo effecte.projection10.When F. Scott Fitzgerald said, “The very rich are different from you and me” and Hemingway replied, “Yes, they have more money,” Hemingway refused to engage in what shortcut to judge others?a. projectionb. contrast effectc. halo effectd. stereotypinge. prototyping11.Which of the following is not a challenge when making a decision?a.eliminating perceptual distortionsb.making sure all decision makers have the same perceptionsc.weighing up the alternative courses of actiond. ensuring that the perceptions of the decision maker reflect realitye.choosing the relevant data 12.Where is overconfidence most likely to surface?a.outside your area of expertiseb.in your area of expertisec.with more education and trainingd.among higher wage earnerse.among older workers 13.What is the term used for an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information?a.escalation of commitment b.hindsight.c.satisficing d.representativee.rose-colored-glasses14.Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number ?a.utilitarianismb.justicec.rightsd.satisficinge.humanitarianismTRUE/FALSET 1.Perception refers to the way we organize and interpret the world around us.T 2.The relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of that target.F 3.Giving an attribution an external causation means you assume that the individual is responsible for his or her own behavior.T 4.The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.F 5.The bounded rationality model assumes that the decision maker will complicate the problem.T 6.Availability bias is the tendency for people to base judgments on information that is readily available to them.