2019-2020年高考英語總復習真題研練68牛津譯林版.doc

2019-2020年高考英語總復習真題研練68牛津譯林版Task 1：閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。(xx·浙江，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering e with consequencescalled light pollutionwhose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill­designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and pletely changes the light levelsand light rhythmsto which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nightdark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earthis wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁鐵)The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文?，F(xiàn)如今人類使夜晚充滿了人造光線，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但這么做所造成的光污染的不好影響是巨大的，到了考慮這么做的后果的時候了。1According to the passage，human beings _.Aprefer to live in the darknessBare used to living in the day lightCwere curious about the midnight worldDhad to stay at home with the light of the moon答案B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.”可知，我們?nèi)祟愂前滋旎顒拥膭游?，習慣了在日光下生活。故答案為B。2What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?AThe night.BThe moon.CThe sky.DThe planet.答案A代詞指代題。it是代詞，指代前面提到的事物，而前面提到的是night，指用來照亮黑夜。3The writer mentions birds and frogs to _.Aprovide examples of animal protectionBshow how light pollution affects animalsCpare the living habits of both speciesDexplain why the number of certain species has declined答案B目的意圖題。第三段談到了光污染，后面的段落是對光污染影響的詳細說明，作者以鳥和青蛙為例來說明光污染對動物的影響。4It is implied in the last paragraph that _.Alight pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsBlight pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesChuman beings cannot go to the outer spaceDhuman beings should reflect on their position in the universe答案D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe.”可推斷出，我們?nèi)祟悜摲此嘉覀兯谟钪嬷械纳矸莸匚弧?What might be the best title for the passage?AThe Magic Light.BThe Orange Haze.CThe Disappearing Night.DThe Rhythms of Nature.答案C標題歸納題。整篇文章都在說明光污染給生物帶來的巨大影響，本來是寧靜、舒適的夜晚也被人類設計的燈光所影響。所以，標題應該是The Disappearing Night。Task 2：詞匯積累1consequence n后果，結(jié)果2adapt to 適應3artificial adj.非天然的，人造的4biological force 生物的力量5essential adj.基本的6rhythm n節(jié)奏；韻律7dimension n方面8cultural heritage 文化遺產(chǎn)Task 3：語法填空The _1_ (benefit) of this kind of engineering e with consequencescalled light pollution_2_ effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is _3_ (large) the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light _4_ (shine) outward and upward into the sky.Ill­designed lighting washes out the _5_ (dark)of night and pletely changes the light levelsand light rhythms_6_ which many forms of life，_7_ (include) ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life _8_ (affect)答案1.benefits2.whose3.largely4.to shine 5darkness6.to7.including8.is affectedTask 4：短文改錯(下面文字有六處錯誤，請改正)Frogs near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as as a million times brighter than normal，throwing every aspect of their behavior out of joint their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.Task 5：攻克長難句(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，嘗試翻譯成漢語)In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxy­arching overhead.分析：這是一個由which引導的定語從句。其中主句中又由兩個不定式充當賓語補足語。譯文：在一個非常真實的意義上，光污染使我們在宇宙中失去真我，忘記了我們?nèi)祟惖拿ＣＬ罩兴嫉谋壤?，而這些失去的正好就是最好的測量銀河系深夜的工具。