初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法《賓語(yǔ)從句》PPT課件

賓語(yǔ) 從句,一、概 述 在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句一般由下面一些詞引導(dǎo)。 1.that引導(dǎo) 2.whether/if引導(dǎo) 3.連接代詞who whom whose what which 4. 連接副詞when why where how。,1that屬于從屬連接詞，在賓語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，只是起引導(dǎo)從語(yǔ)的作用。,1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句 We all know (that) success calls for hard work. 我們都知道成功需要付出艱辛的勞動(dòng)。 We knew (that) he had made a mistake. 我們知道他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 2）在某些be+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后面也可以跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, sorry等。 I am sure that I have posted the letter. 我的確把那封信寄了。 I am afraid that you are right. 恐怕你是對(duì)的。,【要點(diǎn)拓展】 一般說(shuō)來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略。如果有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)that可以省略，其他一般不省略。 I know (that) you are right. 我知道你是對(duì)的。 The doctor told me (that) I should take more water and that things would get better very soon醫(yī)生告訴我要多喝水，情況很快就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。,2whether /if在做“是否”解時(shí)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常放在動(dòng)詞know，ask，care，wonder，find out等之后。在口語(yǔ)中常用if。 whether /if在賓語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含義，在句子中不可省略。 I dont know whether/ if this bike is hers. 我不知道這輛自行車是否是她的。 Can you tell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990? 你能告訴我你父親是不是1990年入黨的？,【要點(diǎn)拓展】,whether/if在表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)?？赏ㄓ?。但一下情況只可以用whether。 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)。 We are talk about whether we can get the chance. 我們?cè)儆懻撐覀兪欠窨梢缘玫竭@個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。 whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可以與or not連用 He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他們周六是否會(huì)去植樹(shù)。 Whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以置于句首。 Whether they will join in the picnic I dont care. 他們是否參加野餐，我不在乎。 在不定式前只用whether。 Im just wondering whether to stay for another hour. 我不知道是否要再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。,3由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 who whom whose what which Do you know whose child he is? 你知道他是誰(shuí)的孩子嗎？ Do you remember what you should do next? 你記得你接下來(lái)應(yīng)該做什么嗎？ I want to know which medicine he has taken. 我要知道他服了哪種藥。 Please tell me who called me just now. 請(qǐng)告訴我剛才誰(shuí)打電話給我。 I dont know whom they are speaking to. 我不知道他的在跟誰(shuí)講話。,【要點(diǎn)拓展】,連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what除了指疑問(wèn)之外，也可指陳述。 I dont believe what you said. 我不相信你所說(shuō)的話。,4、由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句when why where how,He asked me where they were born. 他問(wèn)我他們出生在哪里。 He asks how we can help protect the environment. 他問(wèn)我們?cè)鯓硬拍転楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境出點(diǎn)力。 I cant find out why the machine doesnt work well. 我不能找出這臺(tái)機(jī)器為什么動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)不靈。 Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? 你問(wèn)老師我們什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn)了嗎？,【要點(diǎn)拓展】,連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般表示疑問(wèn)，但有時(shí)也表示陳述。連接副詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)。 I remember when I lived with my grandparents in the country.（when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不表示疑問(wèn)。） 我記得我和爺爺奶奶在鄉(xiāng)村住過(guò)的日子。,【注意】,1、由連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以向“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。 I dont know how I should do with the gifts. =I dont know how to do with the gifts. 我不知道怎么處理禮物。,1.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序在賓語(yǔ)從句中需要運(yùn)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 He asked me where they were born. 他問(wèn)我他們出生在哪里。 Do you remember what you should do next? 你記得你接下來(lái)應(yīng)該做什么嗎？,賓語(yǔ)從句高頻考點(diǎn),2時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常受到主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響。因此，要注意保持主句和從句間時(shí)態(tài)的一致。,例如： He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor. 他說(shuō)莉莉是（將要成為/過(guò)去是）醫(yī)生。 Ill tell you what I am doing (did/shall do). 我將要告訴你我正在做（過(guò)去做/將要做）什么。,（1）當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。,（2）如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)就比較復(fù)雜。,1）從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如： I thought he was old. 我認(rèn)為他老了。 He wanted to know who she was waiting for. 他想知道她在等誰(shuí)。 2）從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示在主句動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作，則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 He said that he had finished reading the book. 他說(shuō)他看完了這本書(shū)。,3）從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示在主句動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. 她說(shuō)她下個(gè)星期要去買一輛新自行車。 I wasnt sure if it would rain. 我沒(méi)有把握確定天是否會(huì)下雨。,4）從句表示普通真理時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例如： The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. 老師告訴我們，月亮繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。,3.從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, expect, guess等，表示“認(rèn)為，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。其反意疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。 I dont believe she will take part in the English evening.我相信她不會(huì)參加英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。 I dont think its your fault. 我認(rèn)為這不是你的錯(cuò)。 改為反意疑問(wèn)句 I dont think its your fault, is it?,4 混合賓語(yǔ)從句 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who，which，what，when，where，how，why等時(shí)，不按正常語(yǔ)序安排，講這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首。這時(shí)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常是think, believe, expect, guess Who do you think Tom will invite to the party? 你認(rèn)為湯姆會(huì)邀請(qǐng)誰(shuí)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)?,賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)掌握的要點(diǎn),1在四種類型的賓語(yǔ)從句中必須用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其它成分，句末用句號(hào)；但主句為疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。 2在帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，要注意主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)。 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)范圍內(nèi)的某一種形式。 從句表示普遍真理時(shí)，即使主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3. 在think, believe等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果否定的是后面的從句，一般要將主句動(dòng)詞改為否定形式，而從句仍然用肯定式。,1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 2. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,4. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in 5. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen 6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D. why he got,7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter 8. He asked his father _. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen 9. No one tells us_, so we need your help. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it,10. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check C. how to check B. to check D. to how checking 11. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought,