中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第三篇 題型提升篇 題型五 讀寫綜合課件

題型五讀寫綜合題型五讀寫綜合-2-【考綱解讀】讀:能夠根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息。寫:1.能夠根據(jù)寫作要求準(zhǔn)備素材,起草短文、短信。2.能夠根據(jù)要求寫出完整的句子,做到書寫正確,語法基本無誤。3.能夠使用常見的連詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系。4.能簡單描述人物或事件。5.能夠按照所給圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明。-3-【題型分析】讀寫綜合是一種綜合性題型。它考查學(xué)生從短文或信件中提取、歸納自己所需要信息的能力并要求學(xué)生能夠恰當(dāng) 運(yùn)用所歸納的信息來表達(dá)自己的思想、發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)、描述生活經(jīng)歷中的人物或事件等的能力,既考查了學(xué)生讀的能力,又考查了學(xué)生寫的能力。讀寫綜合分為A、B兩個(gè)部分,即信息歸納和書面表達(dá),共20分。1.信息歸納部分常由一些表格、圖片、廣告、海報(bào)等構(gòu)成。要求考生帶著問題在閱讀中提取和整理信息,同時(shí)注意格式,如字母的大小寫等。2.書面表達(dá)部分的內(nèi)容與信息歸納部分的閱讀材料相關(guān),要求考生按照題目要求在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)寫出一篇切中題意、符合要求的短文。-4-【滿分策略】1.信息卡中的五個(gè)題目全部是名詞形式,學(xué)生可以根據(jù)題目要求在文中尋找答案。2.寫作要注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)認(rèn)真審題,不要遺漏寫作要求中的任何一個(gè)要點(diǎn)(給分點(diǎn))。(2)根據(jù)寫作要求列好提綱,分好段落。寫作模式:文章一般分為三段。第一段陳述觀點(diǎn)(Topic sentences)。第二段用具體的事例(信息點(diǎn))來支撐所陳述的觀點(diǎn)(Detail 1,Detail 2.)。第三段總結(jié)(Conclusion)。-5-(3)注意語法、句法知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)要準(zhǔn)確無誤。主謂語要一致,主語的人稱和數(shù)要和謂語一致。注意人稱代詞的賓格形式。注意冠詞的用法,例如:He is an honest student.中的an不能寫成a。注意拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和大小寫。(4)多用簡單句,但可適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一些連詞或復(fù)合句來提高文章的層次。(5)遇到不會(huì)表達(dá)的句子,可以采用變通的辦法,化難為易?？傊?所造句子要正確、得體、符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。-6-(6)認(rèn)真檢查,改正錯(cuò)誤。中考作文評(píng)卷是根據(jù)要點(diǎn)、語言準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性來給分,根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤多少來扣分。因此,花時(shí)間用來檢查錯(cuò)誤是很重要的。從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行檢查:格式是否有誤;拼寫有無錯(cuò)誤;語言是否用錯(cuò);時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)有無錯(cuò)誤;標(biāo)點(diǎn)有無錯(cuò)誤;人稱是否用錯(cuò)。(7)注意書寫工整,卷面整潔。這與得分高低直接相關(guān)。-7-【誤區(qū)警示】1.時(shí)態(tài)誤用主要表現(xiàn)在兩方面:(1)學(xué)生寫作之前沒有判斷整篇文章主要用哪種時(shí)態(tài),常出現(xiàn)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子,用了一般過去時(shí);而該用將來時(shí)的句子,用了完成時(shí)。(2)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤。由于學(xué)生對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)掌握不好,常常將所學(xué)的各種時(shí)態(tài)混淆,以致出現(xiàn)如下的錯(cuò)誤,如,Im go to school by bike.He told some children that there are some places of interest in Beijing.-8-2.漢語式英語由于受漢語的影響,再加上對(duì)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不好,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生常常按漢語的詞序來翻譯句子,在學(xué)生的作文中常常見到這樣的句子:You can be bus.In China have different places of interest.In autumn is best season for traveling.3.邏輯錯(cuò)誤在做書面表達(dá)的過程中,有的學(xué)生一拿到考題就慌慌張張開始寫,在寫作之前沒有構(gòu)思好先寫什么后寫什么,哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該詳寫,哪些內(nèi)容應(yīng)該略寫,而是一邊寫一邊構(gòu)思,從而導(dǎo)致整個(gè)文章邏輯不清,層次感不強(qiáng),整篇文章不知所云。4.單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤由于部分學(xué)生平時(shí)不注意記憶單詞,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握不牢固,所以在文章中常出現(xiàn)單 詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤。-9-5.缺少銜接有些學(xué)生雖然在詞匯運(yùn)用方面能夠達(dá)到基本要求,但由于句子之間沒有添加適當(dāng)?shù)你暯映煞?使句子之間和文段之間缺乏必要的過渡和連貫,影響了信息的傳遞和表達(dá)效果。-10-考點(diǎn)一信息歸納信息歸納題涉及的閱讀材料內(nèi)容較為豐富,題材廣泛,主要摘自網(wǎng)站的報(bào)道、新聞報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)站論壇文章及社會(huì)調(diào)查等等。本題型旨在考查學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力以及快速提取有效信息的能力。答題時(shí)要注意題目有沒有字?jǐn)?shù)限制,有要求的按照要求答題,沒有要求的盡量做到精簡。五個(gè)小題基本上都能從文中得到答案,答題時(shí)考生務(wù)必看清楚提問的對(duì)象,在文章搜索相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。整體上來說,本題難度非常小,只要根據(jù)信息框關(guān)鍵詞就可以直接在原文找到相應(yīng)答案。-11-【解題技巧】熟記信息歸納題出現(xiàn)的高頻詞age年齡 job 工作name 名字date日期address 地址sex 性別personality性格nationality 國籍 purpose 目的departure出發(fā) amount 數(shù)量instruction說明advantage/disadvantage優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn) mention提及direction 方向location位置 condition條件 culture文化language語言 habit習(xí)慣 hobby愛好the number(問)數(shù)目 the reason(問)原因 the way(問)方式the thing(問)事物 the person/people(問)人物the place(問)地點(diǎn)the time(問)時(shí)間the price(問)價(jià)格 the result(問)結(jié)果opinion/view觀點(diǎn)method 方法 website 網(wǎng)站-12-【真題回訪】(2016 廣東中考)請(qǐng)閱讀BBC網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章,根據(jù)所提供的信息,完成下面的信息卡,把答案寫在指定的位置上。-13-14-15-Information Card-16-【答題剖析】文章就“你能否管理好時(shí)間”收集了4個(gè)人的回復(fù)。Caroline來自紐約,從2006年搬家至今還沒決定該刷什么顏色的顏料,導(dǎo)致油漆罐還放在屋里;Polly來自倫敦,還在考慮是否把去年用過的圣誕樹扔掉;Craig來自多倫多,10年前買的書因太忙導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)在不僅沒閱讀過,甚至放在哪都已經(jīng)不記得了;Ted Roseland來自悉尼,是一名家私商人,因找不到適合的船運(yùn)公司導(dǎo)致沒法按時(shí)給日本的顧客發(fā)貨。-17-【答案詳解】81.Can You Manage Your Time Well.由原文第一段可知。82.(In)2006.由原文第二段第一句可知。83.The Christmas tree used last December.由原文第三段第一句可知。84.Toronto.由原文第四段和原文第五段之間的by Craig,Toronto可知。85.A furniture businessman.由原文最后一段第一句可知。-18-考點(diǎn)二書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)是以A部分(信息歸納部分)的內(nèi)容為話題,然后圍繞這個(gè)話題進(jìn)行闡述,談?wù)勛约旱目捶?。從近三年廣東英語中考試題中書面表達(dá)的考查來看,其寫作的體裁多以議論性的文章為主;本題型涉及的內(nèi)容比較貼近學(xué)生的生活,這樣的話題不會(huì)讓學(xué)生無話可說。而且,本題型的寫作越來越趨向于一致性,但在詞數(shù)上是保持一致性的,都是80個(gè)左右。-19-【破題技巧】書面表達(dá)“六字法”(1)審:第一時(shí)間確定文章的體裁、人稱和時(shí)態(tài)。(2)抓:根據(jù)寫作要求所提供的要點(diǎn),逐條去寫,切忌偏題或漏點(diǎn)。(3)擴(kuò):字?jǐn)?shù)不夠的情況下,找到一到兩個(gè)可以切入的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,以確保字?jǐn)?shù)。(4)連:合理運(yùn)用過渡詞,將各要點(diǎn)連接起來,注意分段,最好采用“總分總”的方式,文章分三段來寫。開頭和結(jié)尾必不可少。(5)改:看單詞拼寫是否正確,時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用是否合理,主謂是否一致,要點(diǎn)是否齊全。(6)抄:將寫好的文章工工整整地抄寫在答題卡上。-20-【溫馨提示】特別提醒備考時(shí)要注意積累中考實(shí)用的寫作模板和必背句式,如:(1)Here are the reasons/my ideas/my opinions./The reasons can be shown as follows.First,.Second,.Third,.以下是我的理由/觀點(diǎn)。/原因呈現(xiàn)如下:第一,第二,第三,(2)In my opinion.=To my mind.=As far as I am concerned.=I am of the opinion that.就我的看法;我認(rèn)為(3)whats more=besides而且last but not the least最后但并非最不重要的;最后一項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)是(4)on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一方面for one thing.for another.一方面另一方面-21-(5)in a word=in all=in short=in conclusion=all in all=in brief=to make a long story short=generally speaking總而言之(6)Just as the saying goes/As the proverb says.正如諺語所說,(7)Different people have different views about.不同的人對(duì)于 有不同的看法-22-【真題回訪】(2016廣東中考)根據(jù)要求完成短文寫作,請(qǐng)將作文寫在答題卡指定的位置上。現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生不能好好管理時(shí)間,以致影響了學(xué)習(xí),請(qǐng)你就此寫一篇短文,談?wù)勀愕目捶?。?nèi)容包括:1.你或你的同學(xué)一次未能按時(shí)完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的經(jīng)歷(任務(wù)內(nèi)容、拖延的原因及后果);2.對(duì)如何管理好時(shí)間提出兩點(diǎn)建議。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校真實(shí)的名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名;2.語句連貫,詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右,作文的開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù),也不必抄寫在答題卡上了。-23-Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.【答題剖析】1.審從題目要求可看出,要寫的這篇文章是帶有記敘性和建議性的。文章自由發(fā)揮的余地很大,主題內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活十分貼近。該篇文章主要涉及第一人稱,但因選材不同,也可涉及第三人稱(你的同學(xué))。描寫一次經(jīng)歷時(shí)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),提出個(gè)人的建議時(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。-24-2.抓文章很明顯有兩個(gè)大的層次:(1)你或你的同學(xué)一次未能按時(shí)完成學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的經(jīng)歷(任務(wù)內(nèi)容、拖延的原因及后果)。(2)對(duì)如何管理好時(shí)間提出兩點(diǎn)建議。3.擴(kuò)主要內(nèi)容:(1)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷:因沉迷電腦游戲而沒有完成作業(yè),被罰留堂;寒/暑假因沒有好好計(jì)劃,沒有完成假期作業(yè),甚至開學(xué)考試還不及格而被罰。(2)制定計(jì)劃,并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行;遠(yuǎn)離手機(jī)或電腦游戲,規(guī)定每天玩游戲的時(shí)間。如果詞數(shù)不夠,可考慮寫三點(diǎn)建議。4.連連接要點(diǎn)之間的連接詞可以選用for example,however,as a result,in my opinion等。-25-提出建議的句式:Here are two suggestions/tips.First,.Second,.We should/must do sth.Wed better(not)do sth.Here are two tips about how to manage our time well.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,carry out the timetable strictly.Never put off todays work till tomorrow.(Third,keep away from mobile phones or computer games so that we can put our heart into the tasks.)-26-5.改查看單詞拼寫是否正確,時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用是否合理,主謂是否一致,要點(diǎn)是否齊全。尤其是描寫一次經(jīng)歷時(shí)要用一般過去時(shí)。(1)Last Friday,our teacher told us to write a passage in two days.But I lost myself in computer games on weekend and couldnt hand it in on time.As a result,I was left in the classroom after class to finish it.(2)Last winter holiday,my Chinese teacher asked us to recite 20 passages we had learned.I planned to recite one every day.However,I spent too much time playing computer games and chatting on WeChat.Then I had to stay up finishing the task.Of course,I failed to do it.And I was punished by my teacher.6.抄認(rèn)真書寫,講究規(guī)范,將寫好的文章工工整整地抄寫在答題卡上。-27-參考范文1:Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.Last Friday,our teacher told us to write a passage in two days.But I lost myself in computer games on weekend and couldnt hand it in on time.As a result,I was left in the classroom after class to finish it.From this,we know its very important to manage our time well.Here are two tips about how to manage our time well.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,carry out the timetable strictly.Never put off todays work till tomorrow.If we can follow the tips,theres no doubt that we can manage our time well.-28-參考范文2:Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.Last winter holiday,my Chinese teacher asked us to recite 20 passages we had learned.I planned to recite one every day.However,I spent too much time playing computer games and chatting on WeChat.Then I had to stay up finishing the task.Of course,I failed to do it.And I was punished by my teacher.In order to manage our time well,what should we do?Here is my advice.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,keep away from mobile phones or computer games so that we can put our heart into the tasks.-29-(2017廣東中考)A.信息歸納請(qǐng)閱讀Jason在他的個(gè)人主頁上寫的一篇文章,根據(jù)所提供的信息,完成信息卡,把答案寫在答題卡指定的位置上。Our words carry huge weight.They may influence people for years,and even for a lifetime.They provide them with courage to go on or one more reason to give up.-30-When I was fourteen,my family moved to another city.Junior high was always a difficult time for me,and the move made my ninth-grade year even harder.I remember walking into the dining hall for the first time.The other kids had good friends with them,but I didnt know anyone.I felt lonely and went to the nearest seat after getting some food.The kids beside me looked at me up and down and then laughed.I could feel my face turning red at that moment.Then one of the kids broke the ice.“Man!You have one BIG nose!”I felt hurt and didnt know what to say.I wanted to cry,but I managed a little smileas if it didnt hurt me at all.But it did.From then on,I would often look at myself in the mirror,I studied the big nose closely.It seemed that I was just living for my nose.Thankfully,I grew out of this influence finally.But it really took me twenty years.-31-There is another thing that is kept deep in my mind.I remember going through a terrible business failure.I lost everything.I called my dad for help and he told me a lot about how to deal with the failure.What he said gave me a lot of courage and confidence(信心)to go on with my business.Information Card-32-答案:81.Our words82.Lonely83.A big nose84.Twenty/20 years85.Jasons Dad-33-B.書面表達(dá)常言道“良言一句暖三冬,惡語傷人六月寒”。假設(shè)你是李雷,你將要參加學(xué)校舉辦的英文演講比賽,主題是“語言的力量”,請(qǐng)你寫一篇英文演講稿。內(nèi)容包括:1.你的一次受老師或同學(xué)言語激勵(lì)的經(jīng)歷(事情的經(jīng)過以及對(duì)你的影響);2.呼吁同學(xué)們要注意自身語言對(duì)他人的影響。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校的真實(shí)名稱、老師和同學(xué)的真實(shí)姓名;2.語句連貫,詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。作文的開頭已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Ladies and gentlemen,How will words influence others?Let me tell you one of my experiences.-34-One possible version:Ladies and gentlemen,How will words influence others?Let me tell you one of my experiences.When I was in Grade one in middle school,I was not good at my English.I felt so sad.But one day,my English teacher came up to me and had a conversation with me.He said,“If you work hard,you will do a good job.I believe in you.”From then on,I began to have confidence and made progress.From my experience,I felt the power of words.I think we should make good use of words to encourage others rather than hurt them,because words can influence people.