名詞單復(fù)數(shù)代詞 形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)_

Oct 21st ,2012 1st 1名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞（表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集體名詞（表示作為一個(gè)整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名詞（表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況加 s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars2) 以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾加 es, 例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y 為i再加esbaby-babies city-cities country-countries特例：monkey-monkeysholiday-holidaystoytoys boyboys day-days4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： 加es, tomatoes potatoes 加s, photos pianos radios5） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a. 加s，如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs；b. 去f或e 加ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-lives thief-thieves；特例：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1） child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth man-men woman-women mouse-mice2） 單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese（中國(guó)人），Japanese（日本人）people不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西；它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a / an。常用不可數(shù)名詞具體名詞： baggage 行李 bread 面包 beer 啤酒cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 cream 奶油 dust 塵土furniture 家具glass 玻璃 gold 黃金hair 頭發(fā) ice 冰 jam 果醬 juice 飲料 luggage 行李money 金錢 oil 油paper 紙 soap 肥皂steak 牛排 stone 石頭tea 茶 water 水weather 天氣 wind 風(fēng)wine 葡萄酒 wood 木頭 advice 忠告主意抽象名詞：work 工作 beauty 美麗，漂亮 damage 損害 death 死亡 experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn) help 幫助 hope 希望 horror 恐懼 information 消息信息 knowledge 知識(shí) courage 勇氣 news新聞一、請(qǐng)寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的請(qǐng)劃出 / city _ _zoo _country _ tooth _ mouse _ boy_ broom _ car tree _horse _ bus_ fox _ branch _ baby _ family _ country _ radio _ photo _ piano _ knife _ leaf _ life _ thief _ _ man _ woman _ _ child _ foot this _ watch_  people                     day_ book_ dress_  sheep_tea_box_   strawberry_   yo-yo_ peach_ sandwich_ paper_ juice_water_   milk_ rice_     CD                ox_ deer_ fish_ diary_ 二、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful. A. cloth B. waterC. flowers( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. boies( )3. A cat has four _ , doesn't it? A. foots B. feet C. feets( )4. There are three _ and five _ in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, JapaneseC. American, Janpaneses( )5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. fish B. book C. horse( )6. The _ has two_. A. boy; watch B. boy; watchesC. boys; watch( )7. The _ are flying back to their country.A. GermanyB. Germanys C. Germans( )8. The girl brushes her _ every day before he goes to bed.A. tooths B. teethC. teeths ( )9.I saw many _ in the street. Apeoples B.people C.peoples( )10.The green sweater is his _. A.brother B.brothers C.brothers三、選擇填空 ( )1. They come from different _A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys( )2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato( )3. They are_. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher( )4. Would you like _ ,please? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters ( )6. There are some _ in these _.A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-boxC. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes( )7. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling( )8. I wonder why _ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples( )9. There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )10.My uncle has three _.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens四.填入所給名詞的正確形式1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5.The _ are playing football now. (child)6.Please take two _ for me. (photo)7.I like the red _.(tomato)8.Would you please clean your _ now? (tooth)9.Do you want some _? (milk)10.There are ten _in our school. (woman teacher)五、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意”1、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如：two apples, four books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+of"來表示數(shù)量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。2、可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞"時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。3、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少個(gè)蘋果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時(shí)，疑問詞用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盤子里有多少片面包？   量詞 a piece of 一塊 一張 一片 a loaf of 一個(gè) a bar of 一條a bottle of 一瓶a pound of 一磅a tin of 一聽a quarter of 四分之一2代詞請(qǐng)?jiān)诖颂幃嬌洗~表：1 .人稱代詞：主格、賓格（動(dòng)前主格、動(dòng)后賓，be前主格介后賓）2 .物主代詞：形代、名代3 .反身代詞：。自己4 .指示代詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)（this / that）和復(fù)數(shù)（these / those）5 .疑問代詞：what, who, whose, whom, which, when。（疑問副詞when, where, how, why）6 .不定代詞some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般來講，修飾不定代詞的詞要置于其后。形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面要接名詞。而名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語，它后面再不接名詞。它們的關(guān)系為：名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 .單項(xiàng)選擇(選自各地中考題)( )1 .I met Kate on way home yesterday .(北京海淀區(qū))A .myB .meC .hisD .him( )2 .This is ruler .(北京西城區(qū))A .myB .mineC .ID .me( )3 .A : pencil-box is this ,Patrick ?B :Its .(上海)A .Whose ;mineB .Whos ;mineC .Whose ;myD .Whos ;my( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(黑龍江)A .herB .hersC .theirD .theirs( )5.Is this dictionary or ? Its mine .(內(nèi)蒙古)A .your ;hersB .yours ;herC .your ;herD .yours ;hers( )6 .The pen is .She wrote name with it .(甘肅)A .hers ;her ;herselfB .her ;hers ;herC .her ;hers ;herselfD .her ;herself ;hers( )7 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北)A .you ;MyB .your ;MeC .your ;MineD .your ;My( )8 .These are cups . are over there .(河南)A .our ;YoursB .yours ;MineC .his ;OurD .their ;Your( )9 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西)A .Her ;meB .Hers ;myC .Hers ;mineD .Her ;mine( )10 .Oh ,there is someone in the room . must be my mother .(安徽)A .ThereB .SheC .ThisD .It( )11 .Which of these two sweaters will you take ?Ill take .They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西)A .bothB .eitherC .noneD .all( )12 .Which of your parents is a doctor ? are .(天津)A .AnyB .EitherC .BothD .Neither( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new , is old .(北京海淀區(qū))A .the otherB .otherC .the othersD .others( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , is a teacher .(內(nèi)蒙古)A .anotherB .the otherC .otherD .others( )15 .I have two sons ,but of them lives with me .(河北)A .allB .bothC .neitherD .few( )16 .I have bought a new watch because my old doesnt work .(重慶)A .itB .oneC .thatD .this( )17 .Can you speak Russian ? Yes ,but only .(廈門)A .littleB .a littleC .fewD .a few( )18 .What would you like to have ,tea or milk ? .Id like to have a glass of water .(杭州)A .EachB .NeitherC .EitherD .Both( )19 .My car was broken and I didnt know to do .(杭州)A .whatB .whichC .whenD .how( )20 .Is here ? No .Jack and Tom have gone to the library .(湖北黃岡)A .anybodyB .nobodyC .everybodyD .all【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】 .按括號(hào)中提示意思完成下列句子。1 .They are (我的) flowers .Please give (它們) to (我) .2 .Is this map (你的) ?No ,its (他的) .That one is (我的) .3 .I can hear (一些，什么) ,but I cant see (一些，什么) .4 .He says to (自己) ,“I cant do it by (自己)” .5 . (都) of us are students , (都) of the twins are workers .3形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er，最高級(jí)在后面加-est；（1）單音節(jié)詞如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest（2）雙音節(jié)詞如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級(jí)后加-r，最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在前面加more，最高級(jí)在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：（1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示"非常"。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1“A + be +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B” 意思為“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。 注意： 在含有連詞than的比較級(jí)中，前后的比較對(duì)象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。 在比較級(jí)前面使用much，表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修飾原級(jí)，不能修飾比較級(jí)。 2“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”或“more and more +原級(jí)”表示“越來越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?。The wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。3在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高，Tim還是Tom?4. “the +比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí)”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。6.形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我們班里是最高的。1. Which does Jimmy like _ , Chinese or Art?    A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one of _  in the world.A. the longest river  B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers 3.  _ of the two women is Mrs Brown.     A. The beautiful    B. The more beautiful    C. More beautiful    D. The most beautiful 4. My mooncake is nicer _ his.     A. like    B. with    C. for    D. than 5. You are fatter than  _ .   A. he     B. his     C. him    D. he is tall 6. He jumps  _  of the three. A. far  B. further   C. farthest   D. furthest 7. My hair is longer than  _  . A. my sister   B. Kate   C. my brothers    D. Lucys 8. There are _ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer   D. a little 9. The pen is _  than that one.   A. more cheap   B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10.Tom speaks Chinese  _  better than Jimmy.   A. more   B. very   C. a lot of D. much 11.There are  _  girls in Class Two than in Class Four.  A. more B. nicest C. most D. best 12.Its too _  for you to do that.   A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest 13.Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most 14.You have more rulers than me. But  _ are nicer than  _ .A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your 15.Tingting is _  than Meimei, but Meimei is  _  than Tingting.A. all, stronger   B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong   D. taller, stronger 16.Mother is _ in my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy 17.There are  _  in the park on Sunday. A. more children B. a lot of people   C. much men and women D. many peoples 18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _ one?A. small    B. smaller    C. the smallest   D. smallest 19.No one is _ Mary in the class. A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as 20. This bike is _ than that one.   A. twenty yuan dear    B. twenty yuan dearer    C. dear twenty yuan  D. dearer twenty yuan 二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Your classroom is  _   (wide) and _  (bright)  than ours.2.There are    _ (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer.3.Which do you like    _ (well) , maths or chemistry?4.This is the     _ (good) film I have ever seen. 5.Africa is the second     _ (large) continent.  6.What he said made his mother much   _ (angry) . 7.Im not as     _ (careful) as he.8.Weve got as     _ (many) books as we need.   9.Pratice as    _ (much) as you can.10.They have done     _ (much) work with   _ (little) money.11.Youre the  _ (kind) person Ive ever met.     12.He is    _ (young) than his two sisters.13.The      _ (old) I get, the      _ (strong) I seem to feel.14.The weather is getting _ (warm) and      _ (warm) . 15.Summer is  _ (hot) season of the year.C-E1我比他年輕。2蘇珊比提姆聰明.3周末比平時(shí)好。4我是全班跑得最快的。5西瓜比蘋果大。9