高中英語 Unit 2 Friendship （2）素材 冀教版必修1

1112011-2012學(xué)年高一英語必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和練習(xí)）Unit 2 Friendship （2）一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Unit 2 Friendship（II）二. 語法講解I. 定語從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句（Attributive Clauses）。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引出。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why （1）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) the cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語) （2）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。when, where, why關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？注意：先行詞表示地點或時間時，有時用where或when，有時用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語從句，這時要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where或when。例如：This is the house where he lived last year.這是他去年住過的房子。This is the house that (which) he visited last year.這是去年他參觀過的房子。I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.我想起了我在北京呆過的快樂日子。I have never forgotten the day which we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起度過的日子。that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年去世了。He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talked to his mother.我不喜歡他同他母親說話的方式。（3）限制性和非限制性定語從句定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進(jìn)行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。（4）介詞+關(guān)系詞 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。that前不能有介詞。某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?你是否記得我們加入俱樂部的那一天？（5）as引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句：as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語、表語或狀語，構(gòu)成the sameas, suchas等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語)我和你一樣，喜歡同一本書。I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as作狀語）我會用和你同樣的方式去做的。I want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作賓語)我想和他一樣有一本這樣的字典。as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個定語從句說明整個句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：As we all know, he studies very hard.（as代表整個句子，作賓語）他學(xué)習(xí)非常用功，正如我們大家都知道的。As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.（as代表整個句子，作主語）眾所周知，他是我們班最好的學(xué)生。常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。（6）as, which 非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.正如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽加熱地球，這對我們非常重要。典型例題： a) Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 解析：答案C。此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which，it和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。 b) The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it解析：答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。c) It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. whichC. as D. it解析：答案B。as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點： . as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。. as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應(yīng)為B。（7）必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如：All that we have to do is to practice every day.我們必須做的全部是每天練習(xí)。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我學(xué)的第一門課永遠(yuǎn)難忘。This is the best film Ive ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的電影。先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。例如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我讀完了你給我的所有書籍。先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時，例如：He is the only person that/(who) I want to talk to.他是我唯一想交談的人。先行詞既有人又有物時，例如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered.他們談起所記得的人和事。當(dāng)句中已有who時，為避免重復(fù)。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John?和約翰談話的那個人是誰？用作關(guān)系代詞，修飾表示時間的名詞如day, time, moment等，代替when。例如：It happened on the day that/when I was born.那件事是在我出生的時候發(fā)生的。如有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系詞已用，則另一個用that。例如：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.愛迪生建立了一家生產(chǎn)從未被人見過的東西的工廠?！灸M試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）一、閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。AToo many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship（友誼）back. That is why some friendships don't last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous（寬宏大量的）; be understanding.Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don't tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose your friend's trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.Generosity（大度）means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don't have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies（嗜好）and your interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better.Sooner or later every one needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve（解決）. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better.No two friendships are ever exactly alike（相同）. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practise honesty, generosity and understanding.1. Some friendships don't last very long because _.A. there are too many people who want to make friendsB. they don't know friendship is something seriousC. those who give others friendships receive friendships from othersD. those who never give others friendships receive no friendship from others2. According to the passage honesty is _.A. as important as moneyB. more important than anything elseC. something countableD. the base of a friendship3. Which of the following isn't mentioned in the passage?A. A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend.B. Always tell your friend the truth.C. Discussing your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem.D. Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value.4. The best title of this passage is _.A. A Friend in Need Is a Friend IndeedB. Honesty Is the Best HabitC. How to Be a FriendD. Three Important Points in lifeBIn the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice. Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programs and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers. Most hot lines are completely anonymous-callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are usually free, too. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls-even if the calls are long distance（距離）. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers（志愿者）. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-job people with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve（解決） their problems.5. A hot line is a telephone line _.A. that isnt hotB. through which people get adviceC. whose number no one knowsD. through which callers take a short class6. When people call the hot line advisers, they_.A. often give their names and telephone numbersB. generally have to pay for the long distance callsC. usually pay nothing for most of the calls and adviceD. always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers7. The advisers working at hot lines _.A. are not all paidB. are all volunteersC. all have years of education and experienceD. have all been trained for a short time8. The writer of the article seems to think that _.A. with hot lines people won't get advice from their families or friendsB. hot lines help the callers a lotC. people had, better pay for the advice and phone callsD. the hot line advisers will solve all of the callers' problemsCBetty and Harold have been married for years. But one thing still puzzles（困擾）old Harold. How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame, come back three and a half hours later , and they're still sitting on the sofa? Talking?What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?Betty shrugs, talk? We're friends.Researching this result called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men. No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were completely clear: women have more friendships than men, and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is “marked and unmistakable”.More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed would not name a best friend. Those who could were likely to name a woman. Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend, and almost always it was a woman. More married men than women named their wife/husband as a best friend, most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress（感情危機(jī)） “Most women, ”says Rubin, “identified（認(rèn)定）at least one, usually more, trusted friends to whom they could turn in a trouble moment, and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives.”“In general,” writes Rubin in her new book, “women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by shared activities.” For the most part, Rubin says, interactions（交往）between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior.”“Even when a man is said to be a best friend, ”Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on a sofa.”9. What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that _.A. he is treated as an outsider rather than a husbandB. women have so much to shareC. women show little interest in ballgamesD. he finds his wife difficult to talk to10. Rubin's study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to _.A. a male friend B. a female friendC. her parents D. her husband11. Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?A. Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves.B. Women are more serious than men about marriage.C. Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.D. Women depend on others in making decisions.12. The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around _.A. happy and successful marriagesB. friendships of men and womenC. emotional problems in marriageD. interactions between men and women DA close friend of mine lives with six hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos. Ever since he left school（where I first knew him）, he has traveled all over the world collecting animals for his very own zoo. He hoped to collect at least two examples of every sort of animal on his island before the Great Flood. But the flood that my friend was afraid of, was a flood not of water, but of people. I expect you have heard of my friend: he writes books about his travels, and about the wild and wonderful animals that he collects. The money from the books helps to pay for all the food that these animals eat.My friend told me that when he was out looking for water last week,（there is not enough water on island, though there is plenty all round it,）he found oil. He needs money for his travels, and for his zoo, and a little oil would buy enough water for a life-time; but he knows that if he tells anybody else about it, it will be the end of his zoo, and his life's work.So, if I know my friend, he will not tell anybody（but you and me）about what he foundbecause oil and water do not mix.13. My friend lives _.A. on an island in the middle of great floodB. at the school that we used to go to, on KyklosC. on a Greek island with six hundred animalsD. all over the world; he is always traveling14. The flood, of which my friend was afraid, was _.A. a flood of too many peopleB. a great flood of waterC. a flood of too many animals on his islandD. a flood of oil15. He pays for the food the animals eat by _.A. collecting two examples of every animalB. traveling all over the worldC. writing and selling booksD. selling the oil on his island16. If he tells anybody about the oil, _.A. it will be the end of his life's workB. he will have as many animals as he needsC. he will not write any more booksD. people will no longer come and visit his zooEWhat to do if you don't feel popular?Try to take part in activities. Call your friends. Plan to do something. The worst feeling is staying home alone, because it makes you feel even more lonely.Try to make new friends. Choose friends carefully, not just because you think they're popular. And remember, making good friends takes time. Choosing a popular person to be friends with is okay. If they are nice.Be yourself（保持獨立）, if you want to become friends with someone who's popular, don't make yourself into someone you are not just to impress that person.Be nice. Be friendly. Be outgoing（開朗的）. But don't overdo（做過頭）it! Talk to trusted friends if you are feeling really bad. Or you might want to write it down in a journal（期刊）or diary.Do something special for yourself. You could take pictures of your friends, or collect their school pictures, and take a collage（拼貼畫）to hang on your wall. This will remind（提醒）you, when you are feeling unpopular, that you really do have friends.Think up your own ideas. These suggestions might not work for everyone.What to do if you have a problem with your teacher?Talk to your parents, or another adult who will listen to you and perhaps can help. Talk to your friends. Maybe they have had problems with the same teacher, too.Don't give the teacher a reason to have problems with you. Do your work, complete your task, attend the class seriously and take notes. Maybe you just need to give the teacher a chance（機(jī)會）.Try to find out what the problem is.Talk to the teacher if you feel comfortable doing this. Don't be nasty（鬧別扭的）, but express your concerns（關(guān)心）. Listen to the teacher, as well.Just accept the fact that you're not going to love all your teachers.17. What do we mean by saying “not feeling popular”?A. Not liked by our classmates or workmates.B. Not doing what we want.C. Not showing any interest in anything.D. Not so happy.18. According to the writer, if we overdo what he says in the article, we _.A. will make too many friends to easilyB. will sometimes pretend to be a nice, friendly person who is also outgoingC. will feel really too badD. will not listen to any advice from others19. The writer _.A. believes that your friend will help you out if you take their picturesB. suggests that you discuss the reason of problem with your teacher when you feel uncomfortableC. wants you to know that students usually hates teachersD. is not too sure if his advice will certainly work on you20. What's the best title of this passage?A. Why We Have Problems at School?B. Always be Yourself.C. How to Handle Problems at School?D. Don't Be Afraid of Problems With others. 二、寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1分）此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標(biāo)有題號的每一行作出判斷。如無錯誤，在該行右邊橫線上劃一個勾（）；如有錯誤（每行只有一個錯誤），則按下列情況改正：該行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。該行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。該行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。I will never forget the time I spent in British. 21. _ At the first day, we all went to attend assembly. 22. _The headmaster told us the best way to earn 23. _respect was work hard. The homework was less than24. _what I was used to get in my old school. Every 25._day I spent an hour read English books. 26. _I often go to our school computer club to send 27. _e-mails to my friends Free. Students there have 28. _to study some subjects, and can drop some. 29. _Though the life there was not easy, but I 30. _enjoyed it.第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)（共25分）假如你是李華。國際中學(xué)生友誼俱樂部根據(jù)你的請求，把一名美國中學(xué)生湯姆介紹給你，希望你們成為筆友?，F(xiàn)在由你給湯姆寫信，信的內(nèi)容要點如下：1. 個人情況：年齡：16歲，濟(jì)鋼高中高一學(xué)生。2. 業(yè)務(wù)愛好：讀書；踢足球，上網(wǎng)已經(jīng)兩年。3. 希望了解：美國中學(xué)生的校內(nèi)校外生活；他們最喜歡和最不喜歡的事；家長如何看待孩子的學(xué)習(xí)成績。4. 希望對方回信，或發(fā)電子郵件。你的郵箱地址：Lihuajn9mb. edu. cn注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右。（2）信的開頭已經(jīng)給出。Dear Tom,I was very happy to receive your letter and I'd very much like to be your pen pal.【試題答案】一、 閱讀理解1. 解析：句意理解題。文中第一段第一句可作提示。答案：D2. 解析：綜合推斷題。文中說友誼從誠實起，朋友間應(yīng)相互信任。答案：D3. 解析：采取這個排除法篩選出答案A。答案：A4. 解析：主旨概括題。因為整篇文章都是講關(guān)于朋友、友情，所以答案C符合要求。答案：C5. 解析：理解“hot line”時不能單憑字義，英語中有許多詞，像“greenhouse”發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)義，不指“綠房子”，而意為“溫室”?！癶otline”就像我們常說的“熱線電話”，是專門為人排憂解難、提供建議的。答案：B6. 解析：文章“anonymous”一詞對同學(xué)們來說可能陌生，但看了破折號后的解釋應(yīng)明白意為“匿名的，不留名的”。所以A項不對。熱線電話是一種服務(wù)性組織，因此通常是不計費的。答案：C7. 解析：文中