2013年九年級(jí)英語下冊 Module 4 The way we look初中常見介詞的錯(cuò)誤與糾正 外研版

初中英語常見介詞的錯(cuò)誤與糾正誤 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. 正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break. 析 at用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如：sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night. 誤 Dont sleep at daytime 正 Dont sleep in daytime. 析 in 要用于較長的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 誤 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. 正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon. 析 in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th 誤 He became a writer at his twenties 正 He became a writer in his twenties 析這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來表示。 誤 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. 正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen. 析 在具體年歲前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。 誤 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day. 正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day. 析 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Years Day 誤 Im looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. 正 Im looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. 析在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at，Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時(shí)間。 誤 I havent see you during the summer holidays. 正 I havent seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. 析 during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：I havent see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為“整整，全部的時(shí)間”。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。 誤 At entering the classroom， I heard the good news. 正 On entering the classroom， I heard the good news. 析 On 加動(dòng)名詞表示“一就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽見這個(gè)好消息了。又如：on hearing 一聽見， on arrival 一到達(dá)就（on表示動(dòng)作的名詞） 誤 In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. 正 At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. 析 at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍，而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時(shí)間。in the endat last是指“最終，終于”之意。 誤 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 析 by 引起的時(shí)間狀語表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為“不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來時(shí)態(tài)，如：Ill be there by five oclock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：I wont finish this work till（until） next weekend. 誤 He came to London before last weekend. 正 He had come to London before last weekend. 正 He came to London two weeks ago. 析 before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago則與一般過去時(shí)連用。 誤 I have studied English for three years since I had come here. 正 I have studied English for three years since I came here. 析 since用來表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài) 誤 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours. 正 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours. 析中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，after 多用于過去時(shí)，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. after 加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in. 誤 Three days after he died. 正 After three days he died. 正 Three days later he died. 析 after 與 later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。 誤 She hid herself after the tree. 正 She hid herself behind the tree. 析 after多用來表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。 誤 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree. 析 樹上長出的果實(shí)，樹葉要用on， 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree. 誤 Shanghai is on the east of China. 正 Shanghai is in the east of China. 析 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞：in， on， to. in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)； on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. 誤 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd. 析 at用來表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village. 誤 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 正 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road. 析 在門牌號(hào)碼前要用at， 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page. 誤 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall. 析 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street. 誤 This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs. 正 This weekend Ill stay at Uncle Wangs. 析 要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at a tailors shop （裁縫店）at a tailors， at the doctors （去看病） at the booksellers （在書店） at uncle Wangs （在王叔叔家） 誤 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper？ 正 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper？ 析 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on. 誤 The school will begin on September 1st. 正 School will begin on September 1st. 析這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table （吃飯）， When I came to Toms home， they were at table. 還有： at desk （學(xué)習(xí)），at work （工作） at school （上學(xué)）， in hospital （住醫(yī)院） at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。 誤 In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 正 On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 析譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光“在的路上”應(yīng)用on ones way。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way. 誤 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office. 析 in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語。 誤 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 正 Ill leave for Shanghai. 析 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for， sail for. 誤 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 正 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop. 析 get in， 與 get out是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而get out為下車，但語法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車：get onoff（a train， a ship， a struck） get intoout of （a car， taxi） 誤 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 正 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 析 over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over. 誤 There is an old stone bridge above the river. 正 There is an old stone bridge over the river. 析 over還有一意為“跨越，橫跨”。 誤 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 正 The Dead Sea is below the sea level. 析在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。 誤 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 正 There is a big tree in front of the house. 析 in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus. 誤 It took them two days to walk across the forest. 正 It took them two days to walk through the forest. 析 across 作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思： 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street. 對面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother. 誤 The sun sets toward the west. 正 The sun sets in the west. 析 towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward（s） the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時(shí)，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China. 誤 Do you have no other clothes except those？ 正 Do you have no other clothes besides those？ 析 beside 是“在旁邊”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除之外，不僅而且，除了以外還有”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。 誤 Can I write the exam paper with ink？ 正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen？ 正 Can I write the exam paper in ink？ 析 with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in. 誤 Im earlier today. I came here by his car. 正 Im earlier today. I came here in his car. 析在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a bus by plane=on a plane by air 空運(yùn) by land 陸運(yùn) by sea 海運(yùn) on foot on horseback by phone by letter by radio by air mail by hand 誤 A lot of French wines are made of grape. 正 A lot of French wines are made from grape. 析 made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood. 誤 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar. 析關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識(shí)。 誤 Do you have the key of the door. 正 Do you have the key to the door. 析 key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千萬不要用of. 誤 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps. 正 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps. 析 have interest in是在某方面有興趣。 誤 I didnt do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me. 正 I didnt do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me. 析 be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said. 誤 He was good for skating. 正 He was good at skating. 析 be good at 為“擅長某事”，而be good for somebody為對某人很好。 誤 It was good to you to help my little boy. 正 It was good of you to help my little boy. 析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone. 誤 My parents were very pleased at me. 正 My parents were very pleased with me. 正 My parents were very pleased at my studying. 析 be pleased with后加somebody， 而be pleased at后加something. 誤 He is agree with me. 正 He agrees with me. 誤 He againsts me. 正 He is against me. 析同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。 誤 I havent heard letters from him. 正 I havent heard from him. 析 hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。 誤 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend？ 正 Teacher. May I call on you this weekend？ 析 作為“拜訪”講call at其后接地點(diǎn)，如：May I call at your home this weekend？而call on其后接人。 誤 Do you know the girl on white？ 正 Do you know the girl in white？ 析 in white為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed（睡覺），in hospital（住院），in a hurry（匆匆忙忙），in danger（危險(xiǎn)中），in joy （高興），in good health（身體好），in love（戀愛），in trouble（困境），與之相反的是out of ，如：out of trouble （擺脫困境），out of date（過時(shí)了）， out of order（出故障） 誤 He looked at me at surprise. 正 He looked at me in surprise. 析 surprise的用法一般有三種。用于句首，To ones surprise， 如：To my surprise he succeeded. be surprised at， 如：I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾in surprise. 誤 She didnt come to school because of she was ill. 正 She didnt come to school because she was ill. 析 because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.