Unit 1《The written word》-Grammar教案1（牛津譯林版選修8）

111Unit 1 The written wordGrammar-教案Teaching aims:Teach the students knowleage about negative stateStep 1:Lead-in:One picture of Beijing University: Beijing University is not one of the best universities in China. -Negative statementsStep 2: self-thinkingThe most commonly used negative words are:no, not, never and neitherStep 3 & 4:Conclude the form(s) of negative statementFill in 4 tables about the examples, types, structures, conclusions of negative statements.Part 1.ExamplesStructures Types conclusions1.I do notthink so.2.I have never seen the film.3.I do not like either of the films. 4.The problems remained unsettled.1).助動(dòng)詞+not 2).全否定詞+肯定謂語(yǔ)部分3).not+any/anyone/anybody/anything/anywhere/either4).  帶否定詞綴的詞全體否定全體否定是百分之百地否認(rèn)一個(gè)事物的存在、成立或真實(shí)性。表示全體否定的否定詞有:no, not, nothing,nobody, none,nowhere, never, neither, nor, not.nearly, not.half, 以及not.possible 等.Part 2 ExamplesStructures Types conclusions1.It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.2.Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.）把否定詞not放在帶有否定前綴的單詞前面：這類雙重否定形式，是一種委婉說(shuō)法，削弱了句子意義，語(yǔ)氣通常比單純的肯定句弱。 2)用否定跟含否定意義的連接unless, until, but等詞連用，構(gòu)成雙重否定，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定雙重否定 雙重否定是指兩個(gè)否定成分限定同一個(gè)詞或詞素；或是一個(gè)否定詞否定另一個(gè)否定詞，取得肯定意義的表達(dá)形式。否定之否定成為肯定，這是合乎邏輯的。 Part 3 ExamplesStructures Types conclusions1.Not many people heard the speech=Very few people heard the speech. 2.Not all he said was to the point. 3.I cant see everybody.4.I dont wholly agree with you.1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities. 2.not+all/both/each/everybody/everything3.以一般否定句的形式出現(xiàn)，即把否定主語(yǔ)的 not與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在一起。部分否定含有總括含義的詞,用于否定句時(shí),只否定一部分，而不是完全否定.如all, everybody everything, always, both, wholly 等詞與not連用時(shí),在漢語(yǔ)中譯為 “不全是”“不總是”等.Part 4 ExamplesStructures Types conclusions1.I wonder whether/if I shouldnt bring an umbrella.=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.2.I wouldnt be surprised if they didnt move soon.=.I wouldnt be surprised if they moved soon主句+ whether/if引導(dǎo)的否定陳述if從句中的附加否定將否定詞和whether/if連用,來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)于某種情況的疑慮, 常用于口語(yǔ)中.I wonder whether/if 一般用于表達(dá)個(gè)人的決定I wouldnt be surprised if一般不用于表達(dá)個(gè)人的決定Part 5ExamplesStructures Types conclusions1. Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life.2.The classis are far from disappearing.3.Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say4.Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.6.Joe would rather die than see any harm cometo pip.隱性否定是一種有意無(wú)形的含蓄否定,常用含否定詞的單詞,詞組,句型等來(lái)表示否定意義.這種否定意義用法隱藏在句子的深層含義中. 隱性否定含有否定意義的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu) 1.動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： fail (+to do.), miss, ignore prevent/keep/ protect .from等2.名詞:absence, failure, refusal等3.形容詞:few, little, free (from), far from等4.副詞:hardly, seldom等5.介詞： above, beneath, below, out (of) 等6.連詞：unless, before, or 等7.結(jié)構(gòu): tooto 太(以致于)不 ratherthan “寧愿而不”等Step 5Do Part A on page 9Step 6Finish Part B on page 9Step 7. Homework:Do Part C1 andC2 on page 102 of the workbookFurther studies一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news.There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.2)特指否定He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time.I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.3)部分否定I don't know all of them. I can't see everybody/everything.All the answers are not right.（并非所有答案都對(duì)。）All is not gold that glitters. （閃光的不一定都是金子。）Both of them are not right.（并非兩人都對(duì)。）4)全體否定None of my friends smoke.I can see nothing/nobody.Nothing can be so simple as this. Neither of them is right.5) 延續(xù)否定You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. You don't know, I don't know either.He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.6) 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.I know little English. I saw few people.7) 雙重否定 You can't make something out of nothing. What's done cannot be undone.There is no sweet without sweat. No gain without pains.I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but (that) he can learn.8)排除否定Everyone is ready except you. He did nothing but play.But for your help, I couldn't do it.9)加強(qiáng)否定I won't do it at all.I can't see it any more. He is no longer a boy.拓展：一、否定之肯定  I.英語(yǔ)中的否定形式含有肯定意義。例如：1.One can never be too careful in one's work.  工作越仔細(xì)越好。2.You can't praise the student too highly.  這學(xué)生你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)都不會(huì)過(guò)分。3.Having walked for twohours,I'm not a little tired.  步行了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，我非常疲勞。  如果說(shuō)：I'm not a bit tired.意思則與上句相反， 意思是“我一點(diǎn)也  不累。”4.He has no small chance of success.  他大有成功的可能。5.I couldn't feel better.  我覺(jué)得精神好極了。6.I'm told that he is no fool.  我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他很精明。7.It is wise men that never makes mistakes.  智者千慮，必有一失。  II.英語(yǔ)中的否定的否定含有肯定的含義。例如：1.No one can read the story without being moved to tears.  人人讀了這篇小說(shuō)都會(huì)感動(dòng)得流淚。2.I would not have made this appeal to you had I not felt sure  that you would not misunderstand me.  我深信你不致誤解，所以作此呼吁。3.It was not without reason that he said so at the meeting.  他在會(huì)上這樣說(shuō)是完全有原因的。  III.否定形式與其他詞匯搭配在一起常常產(chǎn)生肯定含義。例如：1.I cannot but admire his courage.  我不得不佩服他的勇敢。2.It was not until I came to Beijing that I saw an elephant.  到了北京我才見(jiàn)到大象。3.The house has been let,but nobody's moving in till tomorrow.  房子是租出去了，可是明天才有人搬進(jìn)來(lái)。4.I never hear such a thing but I laugh.  我聽(tīng)到這樣的事總是要發(fā)笑。5.This problem is not above us.  我們能夠解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。6.No one is truly great but he who serves the people heart and   soul.  只有全心全意為人民服務(wù)的人才真正是偉大的。  二、肯定之否定  I.在英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)形式是肯定的，但含有否定意義。例如：1.All music is alike  to him.  他不懂音樂(lè)。2.Catch me doing that again!  我可不會(huì)再干那種事了。3.It is three years since I last meet you.  我已經(jīng)三年沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到過(guò)你了。4.You are telling me!  你不用說(shuō)，我早就知道了。  II.雖然是肯定形式，但由于一些詞匯搭配而具有否定含義。例如：1.It is too good to be true.  這太好了，不可能是真的。2.He is still very weak and the work is too much for him.  他依然很虛弱，這工作他干不了。3.He would be the last man to say such things.  他決不會(huì)說(shuō)這種話。4.She was astonished;this was the first time she had heard of  such things.  她大吃一驚，她從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的事。5.I have read your articles.I expected to meet an older man.  我讀過(guò)你的文章，想不到你這樣年輕。  III.比較級(jí)的一些特殊形式具有否定的含義。例如：1.The beauty of the West Lake is more than words can describe.  西湖之美不是言語(yǔ)所能描繪的。2.He has better sense than to be carried away by success.  他的見(jiàn)識(shí)，不至于被勝利沖昏頭腦。3.I know him better than to misunderstand him.  我對(duì)他了解較深，不致于會(huì)誤解他。4.The company will be one schock manager short. So  much  the  better.  這家公司少了一個(gè)草包經(jīng)理，豈不更好。111