獨(dú)立主格 倒裝句

獨(dú)立主格、倒裝句 一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容專題復(fù)習(xí)獨(dú)立主格、倒裝句二. 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 學(xué)習(xí)新知識：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)2. 復(fù)習(xí)舊知識：倒裝句三. 教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)掌握獨(dú)立主格的兩種情況四. 具體內(nèi)容  獨(dú)立主格 （一）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞名詞（代詞）+形容詞名詞（代詞）+副詞名詞（代詞）+不定式名詞（代詞）+介詞短語構(gòu)成（二）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2. 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開。舉例：The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我們才回家。The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.會議結(jié)束后，每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館。 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 with +名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞/ 過去分詞/ 形容詞/ 副詞/ 不定式/ 介詞短語 舉例： He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised. 注意： （1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題： 當(dāng)介詞是in 時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（2）當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 如果不會判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。倒裝句1. 倒裝句之全部倒裝 全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：（1）here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.（2）表示運(yùn)動方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。Here he comes. Away they went.2. 倒裝句之部分倒裝 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do，does或 did，并將其置于主語之前。句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當(dāng)not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.3. 以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝 如：not only. but also, hardly / scarcely. when, no sooner . thanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.注意：只有當(dāng)not only. but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的not only. but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Not only you but also I am fond of music . 4. so , neither , nor作部分倒裝 表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為“的確如此”。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.Its raining hard.So it is.5. only在句首要倒裝的情況 Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.6. as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動詞提前）。注意：（1）句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。（2）句首是實(shí)義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：讓步狀語從句中，有 though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。7. 其他部分倒裝 （1）so that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.（2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.（3）在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。Were I you, I would try it again.【典型例題分析】 1. Why cant I smoke here?At no time in the meeting-room.A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit 答案：A這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2. Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案：D 看到not until的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個(gè)。改寫為正常語序?yàn)?，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否則意思就變了。3. No sooner than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案：D 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句（謂語前置）。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut（also）, no soonerthan。4. Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?  I dont know, _.A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：Bnor為增補(bǔ)意思“也不關(guān)心”，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯在用 dont，再次否定，C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。 D缺乏連詞。5. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realize D. I realize答案：B6. Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _ .A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also解析：答案為B。句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“也不”。由 so，neither，nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中，so用于肯定句，而 neither，nor 用在否定句中。7. The murder was brought in, with his hands behind his back .A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案：Dwith +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞“手”與分詞“綁”是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D。【模擬試題】1.     Let me tell you something about the journalists.Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday.A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told2.    I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed3.   No matter what you do, you should put your _ into it.A. mind B. heart C. brain D. thought4.   The party last night was _ success. We sang and danced until it came to _ end of twelve.A. a ; an B. a ; the C. the ; an D. / ; an5. Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the No. 1 High School?  _.A.  I know it. Its a key school B.   Sorry, Im a stranger here. Please ask the policeman over thereC.   Yes, take a busD.    Why do you want to go there6. After working in working in the company for 10 years, he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when7.    _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give8.   Take it easy. We will do _ we can _ your sons life.A. all ; to save B. what ; saveC. all what ; saved D. that ; saving9.   Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A. that B. how C. where D. what10. Money is often _ to be the most important thing in our life, but in fact there are many other things more important than it.A. considered B. think C. taken D. used11.   The moon has no light of _. Its light comes from the sun.A. it B. itself C. it own D. its own12.   If the dictionary is yours, _ can it be?A. what else B. who elses C. who else D. which elses13.   _ writer, she is excellent, _ teacher she is not very good.A. As a ; and as a B. As a ; but as aC. As ; and as D. As ; but as14.  After the train crash, the station was a _ of panic.A. scene B. view C. sign D. sight15.   John and Jenny are of the same age, but John is taller _ a head.A. than B. with C. by D. over16.  I dont have any change on me. Will you pay the fare for me, please? _.A. Thats fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem17.   Let Harry play with your toys as well, honey. You must learn to _.A. support B. care C. spare D. share18.   The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A. the ; the B. the ; / C. / ; the D. / ; /19.   Ill lend you the money only _ you can pay _ on time.A.  for the condition that; it offB.   on the condition that; for itC.   on condition that; it backD.   for one condition as; it out20.   Excuse me, could I use your ruler for a few minutes, please?Sure. _.A. You use it by yourself B.  Help yourselfC.   Take it easy D. Dont be polite21.   As I know, there is _ car in this neighbourhood.A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a22.   What do you think of my English, sir? Well, its getting better, but theres still plenty of _ for improvement.A. space B. area C. place D. room23.   _ is no chance that theyll show up at the meeting.A. That B. There C. It D. This24.   Should I take in English or French? Do as you _. We understand both.A. think B. feel C. care D. because25.   Did you see Tom? He said that he would come back home for supper at 6:30 .He seems _ with Tonny in the lake.A. to swim B. to be swimming C. to have swim D. swimming26.   His laziness at work made him _ with his workmates.A. disturbed B. disliked C. unpopular D. unwelcome27.   Once your business becomes international, _constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying28.   She looks forward every spring to _ the flower lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in29.   It was _ the radio that the young man spent a whole morning in his room.A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to be repairing30.   How did you know the surprising news?I happened _ the event then.A. to cover B. to be covering C. covering D. to have covered31.   Ill meet you outside the cinema in an hour, OK? _.A. No, two hours later B. Yes, thats a good ideaC. OK, but I can manage D. No, I dont think so32.   Why are they _ the forest?They are _ the murderer.A. searching for; searching B. searching; searchingC. searching; in search for D. in searching; searching for33.   Suddenly the small boy stopped and bent down as if to _ something.A. set off B. pick out C. pick up D. set up34.   You should have thanked her before you left.I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so35.   Why havent you bought any butter?I _ to but I forgot about it.A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected36.   She wants to make friends with _ shares her interest.A. whoever B. any one C. whomever D. no matter who37. _ David says sounds right to Helen. Thats why she has made up her mind to leave with him _ happens.A. Whatever; no matter what B. No matter what; whateverC. No matter what; no matter what D. Whatever; however38.   Im sorry I cant join you in the travel.  _.A. What a shame B. Never mind C. What not ask others D. Not at all38. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the ; a B. / ; a C. the ; the D. / ; the40.   Remember not to _ when you enter the room.A. look up B. look round C. look into D. look through  41.   Im from Canada .Oh really ? I _ you _ from the States.A. think ; are B. am thinking ; are beingC. thought ; come D. thought ; were42.   E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. was playing D. play43.   Although I told him many times, he never took any _ of what I said.A. notice B. remark C. attention D. sight44.   I hear that when and where to build the new market _ yet.A. is not decided B. arent decidedC. has not decided D. havent been decided45.   Every minute is made full _ of _ our lessons well.A. to use ; studying B. use ; studyingC. use ; to study D. used ; studying46.   _.  Its nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway.A.   I lost my walkman this morningB.   I feel terrible. Ive got a coldC.   I feel terrible, but I have left your tape somewhereD.   Im sorry, but we dont have that machine47.   Well have an important examination tomorrow. Im really worried. _.A. Never mind B. Its no matterC. Take it easy D. Thats all right48. When can I come for my pictures? They _ be ready by 12:30 .A. can B. should C. might D. need49.   The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone _ get out .A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could50. CCTV is exactly like a window on the world _ you sit by it and fix your attention on what is going on.A. if B. as C. while D. unless參考答案 110  BCBABBBADA 1120 DBBACDDBCB2130 ADBCBCDDCB3140 BCCBCAAABB4150 DABACCCBCA