初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解講解加練習(xí) 課件.ppt

閱讀理解解題技巧點(diǎn)撥,主講人：趙文娟,一、先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問(wèn)題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。 二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題。,閱讀理解四步曲,三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1 抓住四個(gè)W和一個(gè)H，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What (事件)，When（時(shí)間），Where（地點(diǎn)），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過(guò)）劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。 2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。 3 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。,4根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。, 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。 題干中有suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時(shí)，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案。 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說(shuō)，而在問(wèn)題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法，但仍表示同一含義。 排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。,四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。,典型例題分析根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng)。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）.Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃燒）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被燒完）。,1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. more than（超過(guò)）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one.B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260.D. The article（文章）doesnt tell us.,A,B,C,4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（撲滅）the underground fire?A. To cover（覆蓋）the holes with stones（石塊）.B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（試驗(yàn)）. 5. What is the best title（標(biāo)題）for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.,B,B,分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據(jù)。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正確答案為 A 。 2這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 B。 3這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 C。 4在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為 B。 5完成這道題需作一定的歸納，因?yàn)槲恼轮袥](méi)有給出直接的回答。文章從Mr Brown兩次看火，然后說(shuō)出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為 B。,閱讀理解題型,ture or fause,A,B,C or D,Answer the questions,一、根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尷尬). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!”,( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.,1、T 因?yàn)榈谝欢沃刑岬紽red told his wife “Ive got two free tickets” “free” 此處是免費(fèi)的意思。 2、F 第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theater for a long time.” 3、F 第一段中Fred說(shuō)“Meet me outside the office.” 4、T 第二段中“in time”是及時(shí)的意思。5T 結(jié)尾處提到的。,David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives(家庭主婦)were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he didnt give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume(香水)made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success.When you do nothing, you learn nothing. But when you try, even though you are not successful, you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day.,Edison was not on the way to success until people bought his first invention. Success once is enough for Edison. And the same for yousuccess once is enough.( ) 1. McConnell was successful as a book-seller.( ) 2. McConnell hoped those women would buy his books if he brought them each a present.( ) 3. If you do nothing at all, you will never be successful.( ) 4. Edison was successful at the very beginning.( ) 5. The writer encouraged us to try as much as we can.,F T T F T,1、F 從第一段“He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.”，可以判斷出他在推銷(xiāo)書(shū)方面并不成功。2、T 第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,”。3、T 這句是第二段前兩句的解釋。 4、F 最后一段，第一句說(shuō)明Edison 的發(fā)明被人們認(rèn)可后才走上了成功之路。5、T 第二段中作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。,Sociologists(社會(huì)學(xué)家), working in western countries, have found that a large number of women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be as high as 60% in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still mens world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the study.Many men say that they have more duties than women. A man has to make money to support(養(yǎng)活)his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for men to be paid more. Some are even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot be,taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they wont be able to do what they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up the children.Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(自由) to choose between work and home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(平等機(jī)會(huì)).Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in “Womens Liberation(解放).” “I dont wish I were a man, ”she says, “and I dont think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(對(duì)待) us like secondclass people.,At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a much better chance of living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are thereor engineers?”,( ) 1. many men think_. A. women cant do what men can B. men have to work much harder than women C. men can make money more easily than women D. womens duty is mainly to do housework at home,1、D 這是一道概括主旨的題，答此題的依據(jù)是第三段內(nèi)容。這段開(kāi)頭兩句話說(shuō)的是重男，那么不言而喻，家務(wù)活和教育子女的任務(wù)應(yīng)有婦女承擔(dān)；另有一些男士則公開(kāi)反對(duì)女士外出工作。可見(jiàn)，不少男士認(rèn)為婦女的主要職責(zé)是在家料理家務(wù)。,( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_.A. women need chances to go out of the home more oftenB. women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantC. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of menD. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes,2、B 一些婦女持不同觀點(diǎn)，文中第四段反映了他們的意見(jiàn)。這也正是文章的中心思想的寫(xiě)作意圖-爭(zhēng)取人權(quán)平等，婦女自由，男女平等。,( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish to be a man_.A. because she believed in “Womens Liberation”B. but she wished to get the same jobs as menC. because she had got a good job D. but she wished to treated the same as a man,3、D 安妮.哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社會(huì)像對(duì)待男士一樣對(duì)待她。該題是一考查細(xì)節(jié)的題，答案在最后一段。,( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.A. women should live a better life than men B. women should be really liberatedC. women should be given better jobs than menD. women should live a more wonderful life,4、B 安妮.哈珀的想法正是作者的意圖，如最后一段寫(xiě)到：She also believes in “Womens Liberation.” 然后她又列舉了許多事實(shí)，其立意還是為了說(shuō)明這一正確論點(diǎn)。,( ) 5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?A. There are more men scientists, engineers than women ones.B. Women are secondclass people, so they shouldnt live a better life.C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get paid less than men.D. There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.,5、B 選題B的觀點(diǎn)在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。文中男士盡管擺出種種理由，但還沒(méi)有人敢明目張膽地發(fā)表歧視婦女的觀點(diǎn)，即把婦女作為二等公民，認(rèn)為婦女不應(yīng)生活的更美好。,Have you ever held a toy balloon (氣球)? They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons. These balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are big enough to carry people. They are called hot-air balloons. To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner (燃燒器). That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down.,Underneath (在下面) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot (飛行員) and the passengers (乘客) go.The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind blows it. Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First make sure the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot air balloons for fun. Some people like to race hot-air balloons. The first Hot-Air Balloon World Championship (錦標(biāo)賽) was held in 1973.,( ) 1. A hot-air balloon is _. A. smaller than a toy balloon B. bigger than a toy balloon C. the same as a toy balloon D. lighter than a toy balloon,1、B 由“But they are much bigger balloons.”可知。這里的比較級(jí)是與前面“a toy balloon”相比較。,( ) 2. Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?A. Inside the basket. B. On top of the balloonC. Under the basket D. Inside the balloon,2、A 這是一篇有關(guān)熱氣球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有關(guān)熱氣球的基本常識(shí)。熱氣球有燃燒器（也可叫加熱器），打開(kāi)燃燒器，氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱，氣球會(huì)上升，反之就下降。氣球下面是一個(gè)大籃子，飛行員或乘客在此處，燃燒器在籃子上方。熱氣球總要隨風(fēng)向飛行。,( ) 3. You want the balloon to go up. So you will _.A. jump out if the balloon B. let the air out of the balloonC. make the air inside the balloon hotter D. let the air inside the balloon cool down,3、C 由第二段的敘述可知。,( ) 4. Now you are high up in the sky. If you want the balloon go down, you will _.A. make your friends get out of the basketB. make a hole in the balloon with a knifeC. make the air inside the balloon hotterD. make the air inside the balloon cooler,4、D 由第三段的敘述可知。,( ) 5. Now everything is all right! The balloon is flying across the sky. Where are you going?A. Towards the sun. B. To the seaside.C. Where the wind blows you. D. To the nearest mountains.,5、C 由第六段的敘述可知。,(4)Bob was happy. He was at a new school, and the other students were friendly. “Hi, Bob!” they said. But some students said, “Hi, Peter!” Bob didnt understand. He asked another student, “Why do some students call me Peter?”“Oh, thats easy to answer,” the students said. “Pete was a student here last year. Now he goes to a different school. You look like Peter. Some students think that youre Peter.”,Bob wanted to meet Peter. He got Peters address from a student and went to Peters house. Peter opened the door. Bob couldnt believe his eyes. He looked really like Peter! Bob and Peter had the same colour eyes and the same smile. They had the same black hair. They also had the same birthday. And they both were adopted (領(lǐng)養(yǎng)) by two different families.Bob and Peter found out that they were twin brothers. Soon after the boys were born, one family adopted Bob, and another family adopted Peter. Bobs family never knew about Peter, and Peters family never knew about Bob.,Bob and Peters story was in the newspaper. There was a photo of Bob and Peter next to the story. A young man named John saw the photo in the newspaper. John couldnt believe his eyes. He looked really like Bob and Peter! He had the same colour eyes and the same smile. He had the same black hair. He had the same birthday. And he, too, was adopted by another family.Later John met Bob and Peter. When Bob and Peter saw John, they couldnt believe their eyes. John looked really like them! Why did John look really like Bob and Peter? You can guess. Bob and Peter are not twins. Bob, Peter and John are triplets.,1. How did Bob feel at a new school?2. Why did some students mistake Bob for Peter?3. Where did Bob see Peter?4. How did John know the story?5. What does it mean by “triplets”, do you know?,1. He was happy. 2. Because Bob looked like Peter very much. 3. In Peters house. 4. He knew the story from the newspaper. 5. It means Bob, Peter and John were born on the same day, and they are brothers.,（8）Everyone bathes in a different way. Most Americans never take a bath. They soap and rinse（沖洗）off under the shower. The English always take a bath. First, they sit in a bathtub full of warm water. Then they soap themselves, and finally, they rinse off the soap, all in the same water. The Japanese on the other hand, first wash with soap in the shower. Then they go and sit in a bathtub full of warm water for twenty minutes or more. Later, others in the family use the same water to sit and relax in.,The Thai（泰國(guó)人）do not get into a shower or a bathtub. They stand in a room or area of a house where there is a big jar（罐子）full of water. With a bowl they pour water from the jar on themselves so that other people do not see their bodies. The Thai always wear a long piece of cloth called a pasin around their bodies. They wear this when they are bathing.Everyone gets clean in a different way. We know that washing is good healthy for us. But this was not true in the past. Up to 1800, most Americans did not bathe because they thought it was bad for them.,What is the passage about? 2. Why do people often bathe? 3. Who needs a bathtub when he bathes? 4. Why do the Thai use a pasin around their bodies when they bathe? 5. When did most Americans begin to bathe often?,1. The ways people bathe.2. To make themselves clean.3. The English and the Japanese.4. To keep others from seeing their bodies.5. About 200 years ago.,