Book 8 Unit 4 綜合課件

Period 1 Words and expressionsPeriod 2 Warming up and readingPeriod 3 GrammarPeriod 4 Using languagePeriod 5 WritingPeriod 6 HomeworkPeriod 1Words and expressionsRead the key words and expressions8.superior9.in terms of10.rob11.show promise13.in need of1.adaptation2.hesitate3.mistaken4.classify5.remark6.acquaintance7.fortune(1)Hes working on _ of his latest novel.他正在把他最新的一本小說(shuō)改成電影。他正在把他最新的一本小說(shuō)改成電影。(2)The little boy his new school finally.小男孩終于適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校。小男孩終于適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校。make an adaptation to 適應(yīng)適應(yīng)1.adaptation n適應(yīng)適應(yīng)(性性)，改編本，改編本made an adaptation toa screen adaptation adapt v.(使使)適應(yīng)，適應(yīng)，(使使)適合適合 vt.改編，修改改編，修改adapt(oneself)to.適應(yīng)適應(yīng)adapt.for 為為改編改編adapt sth into.把把改編成改編成adapt from.由由改編改編拓展拓展(1)He has adapted to the new life.他已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了新生活。他已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了新生活。(2)The film was adapted from his novel.這部電影是由他的小說(shuō)改編的。這部電影是由他的小說(shuō)改編的。漢譯英漢譯英2.hesitate vi猶豫，躊躇猶豫，躊躇(1)Dont hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.(2)I didnt hesitate for a moment about/over taking the job.歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)hesitate to do sthhesitate about/over做某事猶豫不決做某事猶豫不決對(duì)做某事猶豫不決對(duì)做某事猶豫不決hesitation n.without hesitation毫不猶豫毫不猶豫Whenever you are in need of help,I will help you _(毫不猶豫毫不猶豫).without hesitation3.mistaken adj.(見(jiàn)解或判斷上見(jiàn)解或判斷上)錯(cuò)誤的，不正確的錯(cuò)誤的，不正確的You _ him.You should make an apology to him.你誤解他了。你應(yīng)該向他道歉。你誤解他了。你應(yīng)該向他道歉。補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)mistake n.錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 vt.弄錯(cuò)，誤會(huì)弄錯(cuò)，誤會(huì)mistake A for B 把把A錯(cuò)認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)認(rèn)為是B=take A for B make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤犯錯(cuò)誤be mistaken about 對(duì)對(duì)持有錯(cuò)誤的見(jiàn)解持有錯(cuò)誤的見(jiàn)解are mistaken about4.classify vt.編排，分類，歸類編排，分類，歸類(1)The children are classified into ten groups to play the game.(2)The doctors classified his death as a suicide.歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)classifyintoclassifyasclassified adj.分類的分類的classification n.分類，歸類分類，歸類把把分成分成把把歸類歸類Im looking for the _(classify)section.Have you seen it?classified5.remark n.;v.(1)Its rude to make a remark/remarks on the appearance of others.(2)He made no remark about the traffic accident.歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)make a remark/remarks onmake no remark對(duì)對(duì)作出評(píng)論作出評(píng)論不加評(píng)論不加評(píng)論n.談?wù)?，言論，評(píng)述談?wù)?，言論，評(píng)述vt&vi.談?wù)撜務(wù)?評(píng)論評(píng)論,說(shuō)起說(shuō)起(3)A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease.(4)He didnt want to remark on the new book.歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)remark thatremark on評(píng)論評(píng)論評(píng)論評(píng)論,談?wù)撜務(wù)?.acquaintance n相識(shí)，了解，熟人相識(shí)，了解，熟人 acquaintance用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“熟悉，熟悉，認(rèn)識(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)”，有時(shí)在其前加不定冠詞，表示某種程度，有時(shí)在其前加不定冠詞，表示某種程度的熟悉與了解，與的熟悉與了解，與with連用；用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，連用；用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示表示“熟悉的人熟悉的人”。(1)I came to England to make your acquaintance!我來(lái)英國(guó)結(jié)識(shí)你。我來(lái)英國(guó)結(jié)識(shí)你。(2)He was one of my closest acquaintances.他是我最近的熟人之一。他是我最近的熟人之一。(1)Im pleased to make your acquaintance.Im pleased to make the acquaintance of you.(2)I dont know him well.I just have a nodding acquaintance with him.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下句子請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下句子have a nodding acquaintance with sb對(duì)某人有點(diǎn)頭之交對(duì)某人有點(diǎn)頭之交,對(duì)對(duì)某人某人略知一略知一 make ones acquaintance make the acquaintance of sb 與某人相識(shí)與某人相識(shí),結(jié)識(shí)某人結(jié)識(shí)某人(3)I have some acquaintance with the language.(4)I have no acquaintance with drawing.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下句子請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下句子have no acquaintance with 不熟悉不熟悉/不了解不了解have some acquaintance with 熟悉熟悉/了解了解7.fortune n.機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣，大筆的錢(qián)機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣，大筆的錢(qián)(U)機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣 (C)命運(yùn)，大筆的錢(qián)命運(yùn)，大筆的錢(qián)try ones fortune 碰運(yùn)氣碰運(yùn)氣tell ones fortune 為某人算命為某人算命make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái)發(fā)財(cái)(1)He dreamed of _.(發(fā)財(cái)發(fā)財(cái))(2)The two brothers decided to go to Hollywood to _(碰運(yùn)氣碰運(yùn)氣).(3)What will be our fortunes?牛刀小試牛刀小試我們的命運(yùn)將是什么？我們的命運(yùn)將是什么？making a fortunetry their fortune8.superior adj.優(yōu)秀的，較高的，上級(jí)的優(yōu)秀的，較高的，上級(jí)的 n.上級(jí)，長(zhǎng)官上級(jí)，長(zhǎng)官be superior to 比比優(yōu)越（好、強(qiáng)）優(yōu)越（好、強(qiáng)）His French knowledge is superior to mine.他的法語(yǔ)知識(shí)比我強(qiáng)。他的法語(yǔ)知識(shí)比我強(qiáng)。be inferior to 比比低低級(jí)級(jí)be senior to 比比年長(zhǎng)（資深年長(zhǎng)（資深)be junior to 比比年輕年輕拓展拓展?jié)h譯英漢譯英9.in terms of 就就來(lái)說(shuō)來(lái)說(shuō),從從角度角度(1)In terms of money were quite rich,but not in terms of happiness.就就金錢(qián)金錢(qián)來(lái)說(shuō)來(lái)說(shuō),我們富有我們富有;就幸福而言就幸福而言,我們?nèi)狈ξ覀內(nèi)狈Α?2)In terms of work,he is a success.就工作來(lái)說(shuō)，他是成功的。就工作來(lái)說(shuō)，他是成功的。拓展拓展come to terms with 甘心忍受甘心忍受be on good terms with 與與關(guān)系很好關(guān)系很好be on bad terms with 與與關(guān)系很壞關(guān)系很壞rob sb of sth 搶某人的東西搶某人的東西(1)They _ last year.他們?nèi)ツ瓯I竊了銀行的金子。他們?nèi)ツ瓯I竊了銀行的金子。(2)Mrs Black _ at her home.在回家的途中，布萊克夫人被人搶劫了金表。在回家的途中，布萊克夫人被人搶劫了金表。10.rob vt.搶劫，盜竊，剝奪搶劫，盜竊，剝奪robbed the bank of goldwas robbed of her gold根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子accuse sb of sth 指控指控/指責(zé)某人做了某事指責(zé)某人做了某事warn sb of 警告某人警告某人inform sb of 通知某人通知某人remind sb of 提醒某人提醒某人cure sb of 治愈某人治愈某人cheat sb of 欺騙某人欺騙某人convince sb of 使某人相信使某人相信類似結(jié)構(gòu)類似結(jié)構(gòu)11.show in 帶或領(lǐng)帶或領(lǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)進(jìn)來(lái) 拓展拓展show構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)show sb out領(lǐng)某人出去領(lǐng)某人出去show sb around領(lǐng)某人參觀某地領(lǐng)某人參觀某地 show off 炫耀炫耀show up 出現(xiàn)，來(lái)到某處出現(xiàn)，來(lái)到某處(1)He showed me _ the school for three hours.(2)She showed _ her necklace before the public.(3)He didnt show _ in the party last night.填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞 aroundoff promise v.n.妥協(xié)，折衷妥協(xié)，折衷(1)After a long talk,the two sides reached a compromise.(2)In order to live harmoniously,sometimes you need to make compromises.n.妥協(xié)，折中妥協(xié)，折中 歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)reach/come to/arrive at a compromise達(dá)成妥協(xié)達(dá)成妥協(xié)make compromises做出讓步做出讓步(3)They were unwilling to compromise with the leaders.(4)We can not compromise on/over/about such terms.vi.妥協(xié)，折中妥協(xié)，折中 歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)compromise with sb與某人妥協(xié)與某人妥協(xié)compromise on/over/about sth就某事妥協(xié)就某事妥協(xié)13.in need of 需要需要(1)He was not in need of money.(2)He said he was in great need of my help.歸納總結(jié)英語(yǔ)中類似結(jié)構(gòu)歸納總結(jié)英語(yǔ)中類似結(jié)構(gòu)in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé)in search of 搜尋搜尋in hope of 希望希望in honor of 紀(jì)念紀(jì)念in favor of 有利有利于于in case of 以防，萬(wàn)一以防，萬(wàn)一in place of 代替代替1.The machine needed repairing.The machine is _ repair.2.What you need is exercise and faith.You are _ exercise and faith.You are _ exercise and faith.3.The company is in the charge of Tom.Tom is _ Tom.4.John will take his fathers place to run the company.John will run the company _ his father.in need ofin need ofin want of同義表達(dá)同義表達(dá)in charge ofin place of My Fair Lady is based on George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion.In the film Professor Higgins commented that one cant give in to poor pronunciation because his status is grouped by it.In other words,the upper class is better than the lower class in pronunciation.When you speak,your pronunciation will show who you really are.So one who is wrong about pronunciation should never pause to improve it or he will be blamed.Therefore,pronunciation is a treasure that nobody can ignore.an adaptation ofremarkedcompromise onclassifiedis superior tobetray youmistakenhesitatecondemnedfortuneoverlookPeriod 2Warming up and readingQuestion:Have you ever heard of the Pygmalion Effect?Answer:The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they will.If you expect a person to take responsibility,they probably will.If you expect them not to even try,they probably wont.心理學(xué)家莫頓將心理學(xué)家莫頓將此現(xiàn)象命名為此現(xiàn)象命名為“自自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言”。這也是在蕭伯納的這也是在蕭伯納的名劇名劇窈窕淑女窈窕淑女(My Fair Lady)中為中為人熟知的人熟知的“皮格馬利皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)翁效應(yīng)”(Pygmalion effect)。This play by George Bernard Shaw(蕭蕭伯納伯納)is an adaptation of a Greek story.Do you know this story?Pygmalion,a gifted artist,makes a stone statue of a beautiful woman.When he finishes the statue,he falls in love with it and goes to the Greek goddess,Aphrodite,to ask her to make the statue into a real woman.His wish is granted.Eliza Doolittle(E):a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herself.Professor Higgins(H):an expert in phonetics,convinced that the quality of a persons English decides his/her position in society.Colonel Pickering(P):an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins who sets him a task.Main charactersTask 1:Get the general idea of the passage.The play is mainly about a poor 1._ girl who is lucky to come across a professor who might help her to 2._ her life.flowerimprove 1.This text is mainly about the first experience of Eliza meeting with _.A.Professor Higgins B.Colonel Pickering C.Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering D.a gentlemanTask 2:Choose the best answers 2.Eliza greeted to the gentleman in order to _.A.ask him to buy some flowers from her B.talk with him C.ask him to teach her D.beg some money from him 3.Why Eliza began to cry?Because _.A.she thought Professor Higgins would arrest him B.the gentleman didnt give her some money C.Pickering beat and scolded her D.there was no reason 4.Professor Higgins believed that he could judge a person by _.A.his appearance B.his action C.his conversation D.his manners 5.From the text,we can infer that Professor Higgins is a man described below EXCEPT _.A.he doesnt care about money B.he is an expert in phonetics C.he is proud D.he is greedyEliza Doolittle She is very poor and makes a living by 1._ and is 2._ to improve herself.selling flowersambitiousRead the text carefully and fill in the blanks.Eliza Doolittle When she sees Professor Higgins 3._,she feels worried because she takes him for a(n)4._ in disguise who wants to catch her as a(n)5._.Her 6._ English will make her live in the 7._ all her life,according to Professor Higgins.taking notespolicemanthiefterriblegutterProfessor Higgins He is an expert in 8._,who thinks that the quality of a persons English decides his/her 9._ in society.He can know where a person is from by what he/she 10._.He thinks if taught by him to speak properly,Eliza Doolittle phoneticspositionsays Professor Higgins may become a(n)11._ class lady.He thinks Eliza Doolittle can be changed into a woman like a duchess at an ambassadors garden party in 12._ months,a ladys maid or a shop assistant.He was going to 13._ to meet Colonel Pickering.upperthreeIndiaColonel PickeringHe is a(n)14._ in the army and later a friend of Higgins.He studies many Indian 15._ and comes to England to make Higgins acquaintance.officerdialectskind,polite,generous,enthusiastic,eager,confident impatient,rude,confident,superior,self-importantanxious,eager,emotional,ambitious,unsureWhat can you learn from this play?Believe yourself!Every time you come across difficulties,never give up.Just give yourself a hint “Yes,I can do it!I am the best!”then you will have the courage again to overcome them and keep making progress.One day,you will succeed.Act One of Pygmalion tells us how the main characters of this play,Eliza Doolittle,Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering had their _ meetings while _ from a heavy rain outside a theatre in London,England in 1914.Eliza Doolittle was a poor flower girl.When she tried to sell her flowers to a gentleman,her _ English caught Professor Higgins attention.Professor Higgins,an expert in _,could place a person by his/her remarks.He convinced that the _ of asheltering/hidingfatefulterriblephoneticsqualitypersons English decides his/her social position.In his opinion,once educated to speak _,Eliza Doolittle could pass herself off in three months as a _ at an ambassadors garden party and perhaps she could even work as _ or a shop assistant.Colonel Pickering,an officer in the army,who had studied many _ dialects himself,came to England to make the _ of Professor Higgins.properlyduchessa ladys maidIndianacquaintancebe ambitious to convince sb of sth/that/to do sth decideset sb a taskhide from the rainshelter from the rainmake notes/take notes hold upbetter than nothing1.雄心勃勃的雄心勃勃的2.使確信使確信3.決定決定/影響影響4.安排某人任務(wù)安排某人任務(wù)5.躲雨躲雨6.做筆記做筆記7.舉起舉起8.比沒(méi)有好比沒(méi)有好Important phrasesin disguisehand over push sth backIf Im not mistakenwhat ifend inbetray sb/sth/oneselfevery time make ones acquaintancea handful ofin amazement9.假裝假裝,裝扮裝扮10.移交移交11.推遲延遲推遲延遲12.如果我沒(méi)有搞錯(cuò)的話如果我沒(méi)有搞錯(cuò)的話13.要是要是又會(huì)怎樣又會(huì)怎樣14.以以為結(jié)尾為結(jié)尾15.背叛背叛,泄露泄露16.每次每次17.結(jié)識(shí)結(jié)識(shí)18.一把一把19.驚諤地驚諤地20.專心談話專心談話21.相當(dāng)普通的一種相當(dāng)普通的一種22.穿著很差穿著很差23.請(qǐng)求幫忙請(qǐng)求幫忙24.視視如糞土蔑視如糞土蔑視25.恬不知恥做恬不知恥做26.幾天前幾天前27.帶走帶走,外賣(mài)外賣(mài)28.冒充冒充29.退下舞臺(tái)退下舞臺(tái)30.逐漸模糊逐漸模糊deep in conversationquite a common kind ofbadly dressedask sb a favourtreat sb like dirthave the face to do the other daytake awaypass sb off asgo off stagefade outBeautiful Sentences1.While watching,he makes notes.自我探究自我探究 此句為主從復(fù)合句，含有此句為主從復(fù)合句，含有while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句。While watching為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，其完為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，其完整形式應(yīng)為：整形式應(yīng)為：While he is watching。從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)是是it，且從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是，且從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)可將從動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)可將從句的主語(yǔ)和句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略。如：動(dòng)詞省略。如：When waiting for a bus,I met Tom.我在等車(chē)時(shí)碰到了湯姆。我在等車(chē)時(shí)碰到了湯姆。高考鏈接：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。高考鏈接：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Children,when _(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014年，湖南卷年，湖南卷)2.In fact,I had heard nothing,possibly because of the noise I made while _(slide)down the rock.(2016年，山東青島一模年，山東青島一模)3.When _(compare)different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.(2016年，浙年，浙江瑞安四校聯(lián)考江瑞安四校聯(lián)考)accompaniedslidingcomparingBeautiful Sentences2.What if I was?自我探究自我探究此句為省略句。原句為：此句為省略句。原句為：What if I was born in.？what if要是要是又怎樣，如果又怎樣，如果將會(huì)怎將會(huì)怎么樣，如果么樣，如果又怎樣。又怎樣。What if we fail in this exam?要是我們這次考試不及格怎么辦？要是我們這次考試不及格怎么辦？漢譯英漢譯英Period 3 GrammarRevise the past participle as the AdverbialOnce educated to speak properly,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下課文原句請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀以下課文原句過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)則為句子的主語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)景或狀況，其邏輯主語(yǔ)則為句子的主語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)為過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，為過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，可單獨(dú)使用，也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等?？杀硎緯r(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等。1.When finished,the paper should be turned in without delay.一完成，文件應(yīng)立刻上交。一完成，文件應(yīng)立刻上交。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))一、過(guò)去分詞一、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)2.Given more time,I will do it much better.如果多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的話，我會(huì)干得更好。如果多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的話，我會(huì)干得更好。(條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ))3.Inspired by what he said,the student decided to work harder.在他的話的鼓勵(lì)下，那個(gè)學(xué)生決定更努力地學(xué)在他的話的鼓勵(lì)下，那個(gè)學(xué)生決定更努力地學(xué) 習(xí)。習(xí)。(原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ))4.He hurried to the hall,followed by two guards.他快步走向大廳，身后跟著兩個(gè)衛(wèi)兵。他快步走向大廳，身后跟著兩個(gè)衛(wèi)兵。(伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ))5.Asked many times,he still hasnt said a word about the matter.雖然已被問(wèn)了好幾次，對(duì)這件事他仍只字未提。雖然已被問(wèn)了好幾次，對(duì)這件事他仍只字未提。(讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ))有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而表示狀態(tài)。時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而表示狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：這樣的過(guò)去分詞或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost(迷迷路路)；seated(坐坐)；hidden(躲躲)；stationed(駐扎駐扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于沉溺于)；born(出身于出身于)；dressed in(穿著穿著)；tired of(厭煩厭煩)等。等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt notice us entering the room.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒(méi)有注意到因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒(méi)有注意到我們進(jìn)入房間。我們進(jìn)入房間。二、表示狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞二、表示狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))的的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則，分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則，分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))前應(yīng)加上自己的主語(yǔ)。前應(yīng)加上自己的主語(yǔ)。這種帶有自身主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞這種帶有自身主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))被稱為被稱為過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))的獨(dú)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、立結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。條件等。The test finished,we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束，我們的假期開(kāi)始了?？荚嚱Y(jié)束，我們的假期開(kāi)始了。More time given,we could have done it much better.如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。三、過(guò)去分詞三、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1.邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞作狀現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于：兩者與所修飾的主句的語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于：兩者與所修飾的主句的主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系的區(qū)別。主語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系的區(qū)別。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：He went out,shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。(2)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：Given more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better.如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì)，他本來(lái)會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì)，他本來(lái)會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。好。Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難時(shí)，我們必須設(shè)法克服。在遇到困難時(shí)，我們必須設(shè)法克服。2.時(shí)間概念時(shí)間概念:過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，或表示“一種狀態(tài)一種狀態(tài)”，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“主動(dòng)主動(dòng)”動(dòng)作；動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動(dòng)式(having been done)常和表示次數(shù)的短語(yǔ)及時(shí)間段常和表示次數(shù)的短語(yǔ)及時(shí)間段(for+一段一段時(shí)間時(shí)間)連用，表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)連用，表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的一個(gè)“被動(dòng)動(dòng)作被動(dòng)動(dòng)作”，這種情況下不能用過(guò)去分詞替，這種情況下不能用過(guò)去分詞替換，其他情況下通常被過(guò)去分詞所替換，使句換，其他情況下通常被過(guò)去分詞所替換，使句式更簡(jiǎn)潔。式更簡(jiǎn)潔。(1)Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。(2)Reading carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(3)Having finished his homework,he went home.完成了作業(yè)，他就回家了。完成了作業(yè)，他就回家了。(4)Having been discussed several times,thedecision was finally made.進(jìn)行了幾次討論后，終于做出了決定。進(jìn)行了幾次討論后，終于做出了決定。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)體會(huì)以下句子請(qǐng)仔細(xì)體會(huì)以下句子1._(Adapt)from J.K.Rowlings book series of the same title,the“Harry Potter”movies are universally acknowledged as classics.（2017年，天津市和平區(qū)三模）年，天津市和平區(qū)三模）2._(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016年，北京卷年，北京卷)AdaptedOrdered高考鏈接：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空高考鏈接：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Time and place 11 am in Henry Higgins house the next day.Elizas purpose of visiting HigginsShe wanted to be a lady in a(n)_ shop instead of selling flowers in the _.Read the play and fill in the blanks.The bet between Pickering and HigginsIf Higgins could pass Eliza off as a(n)_,Pickering would admit Higgins was the greatest _ alive and pay for the _,too.flower streetladyteacherlessonsChoose the best answers.1.Why did Higgins refuse to teach the flower girl at first?A.Because the girl was dirty.B.Because he had the record of the girl already.C.Because the girl didnt want to wash herself.D.Because the girl wasnt clever enough to learn proper language2.Eliza came to visit Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering in order to let them _.A.give her some money B.give her a job as a flower shops assistant C.teach her speak well D.have a bath3.Eliza only offered them _ if they could teach her.A.1 shilling B.2 shillings C.nothing D.3 shillings5.Eliza refused to have a bath,from what she said,we can infer that she lived a _ life.A.miserable B.happy C.good D.dirty6.What can we conclude from the text?A.Higgins would refuse to teach the flower girl.B.Pickering would help to teach the flower girl.C.Higgins would teach the girl proper language and other things.D.Pickering would teach the girl instead.Beautiful SentencesId never have come if Id known about this disgusting thing you want me to do.自我探究自我探究本句為主從復(fù)合句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與過(guò)去事本句為主從復(fù)合句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)情況。條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用實(shí)相反的假設(shè)情況。條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”形式，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用形式，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/mighthave過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞形式。形式。高考鏈接：用所給詞的正確形式填空。高考鏈接：用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.If the new safety system _(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.(2017年，北京卷年，北京卷)2._(be)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.3.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I _(not be)able to reach her yesterday.(2017年，天津卷年，天津卷)had been putWerewouldnt have been4.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _(injure).(2016年，天津卷年，天津卷)5.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.(2016年，北京卷年，北京卷)6.Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths _(fall)since their highest in 2005.(2016年，浙江卷年，浙江卷)would have been injuredhad toldwouldnt have fallen如何寫(xiě)書(shū)評(píng)如何寫(xiě)書(shū)評(píng)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)1.首先應(yīng)點(diǎn)出書(shū)的作者的姓名、書(shū)名，以及有首先應(yīng)點(diǎn)出書(shū)的作者的姓名、書(shū)名，以及有 關(guān)作者的簡(jiǎn)要信息，如過(guò)去的作品、曾獲得的關(guān)作者的簡(jiǎn)要信息，如過(guò)去的作品、曾獲得的榮譽(yù)。榮譽(yù)。2.然后對(duì)所評(píng)書(shū)目的情節(jié)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要勾勒，如果然后對(duì)所評(píng)書(shū)目的情節(jié)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要勾勒，如果作品不是小說(shuō)，要寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)作的目的和主題。作品不是小說(shuō)，要寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)作的目的和主題。3.并對(duì)此書(shū)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)論。并對(duì)此書(shū)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)論。4.最后使用有力度的詞語(yǔ)，盡量簡(jiǎn)短地總結(jié)你最后使用有力度的詞語(yǔ)，盡量簡(jiǎn)短地總結(jié)你對(duì)此書(shū)的觀點(diǎn)。如果可能，與篇首的評(píng)論遙對(duì)此書(shū)的觀點(diǎn)。如果可能，與篇首的評(píng)論遙相呼應(yīng)，使讀者對(duì)此書(shū)有一個(gè)總體印象。相呼應(yīng)，使讀者對(duì)此書(shū)有一個(gè)總體印象。黃金表達(dá)黃金表達(dá)1.The Call of the Wild is a novel by American writer Jack London.2.The book called.is written by.3.The book written by.is about.4.The book published by.is a best-seller.5.The book tells us a story of.6.The novel is told in the form of.黃金表達(dá)黃金表達(dá)7.From the story,we can learn.8.It is generally considered as his best .9.It is sometimes classified as.10.Wuthering Heights written by Emily Bronte is one of the most popular and highly regarded novels in English literature.根據(jù)下列提示，寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于馬克根據(jù)下列提示，寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于馬克吐溫及其吐溫及其作品作品哈克貝里哈克貝里費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記的評(píng)論。的評(píng)論。1.馬克馬克吐溫吐溫(Mark Twain)美國(guó)作家。本名美國(guó)作家。本名塞謬爾塞謬爾郎赫恩郎赫恩克萊門(mén)斯克萊門(mén)斯(Samuel Langhorne Clemens,1835 1910)。馬克。馬克吐溫是其筆名。吐溫是其筆名。出生于密西西比河畔小城。出生于密西西比河畔小城。2.代表作長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)代表作長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)哈克貝里哈克貝里費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。講述了。講述了牛刀小試牛刀小試白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆結(jié)伴在密西西比白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆結(jié)伴在密西西比河流浪的故事。河流浪的故事。3.在這部小說(shuō)中，作者以孩子的眼光描述了在這部小說(shuō)中，作者以孩子的眼光描述了社會(huì)各個(gè)階層的人物，哈克的密西西比河之旅社會(huì)各個(gè)階層的人物，哈克的密西西比河之旅也就成了他的人生之旅。也就成了他的人生之旅。4.哈克貝里哈克貝里費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記在美國(guó)文學(xué)史在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上一直被稱為最偉大的作品。上一直被稱為最偉大的作品。牛刀小試牛刀小試參考范文參考范文 Mark Twain,whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens(1835 1910),was an American writer,who was famous for his stories.He grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River.Perhaps his greatest book is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.This is the story of a boy called Huck,with a slave named Jim running參考范文參考范文away from home,traveling down the Mississippi River on a raft and getting himself in and out of danger along the way.But it is more than that.The people the boy meets cover all walks of the society,and his voyage down the river becomes a metaphor for a journey through life.Huckleberry Finn has been called the greatest novel in American li