2014屆高考英語一輪復習 Unit4《Earthquakes》句式與語法全方位訓練2 新人教版必修1

1112014屆高考英語一輪復習全方位配套訓練人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes句式與語法21.those who. 凡是的人【?？加梅ā縯hose who相當于people who，意為“凡是的人”，表示兩者以上的不定數(shù)量。who在它引導的定語從句中作主語，不能省略，且謂語動詞用復數(shù)，不能用that替換who?！炬溄印縜nybody/anyone who相當于whoever，意為“凡是的人”，表示兩者以上的不定數(shù)量。who在它引導的定語從句中作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Those who break the law will be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.=Whoever breaks the law will be punished.違法的人將會受到懲罰。【十年高考鏈接】（2006·北京高考）Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont.A.who；/B.who；/C.who；whoD./；/答案：C 句意：那些每天喝兩杯多咖啡的女人比不喝的人更有可能患心臟病。分別用who引導定語從句，修飾women和those，who在從句中作主語，不能省略。2.was doing.when. 正在做這時（突然）【?？加梅ā烤渥觲hen用作并列連詞，意為“這時”，不能換用while?！揪涫芥溄印縲as/were about to do.when.剛要做這時（突然）was/were on the point of doing.when.剛要做這時（突然）hardly had sb.done.when.某人剛剛做這時（突然）She was applying herself to her work in the office when the building caught fire.她正在辦公室忙于工作這時大樓突然著火了。We were having a meeting when someone broke in angrily.我們正在開會這時有人怒氣沖沖地闖了進來。They were working in the fields when it began to pour.他們正在田地里勞作這時天下起了傾盆大雨。【十年高考鏈接】（1）（2013·陜西高考） Jim a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.A.watchedB.had watchedC.was watchingD.would be watching答案：C 句意：吉姆在家看一部午夜電影，看到中間一幕驚險的場景時，屏幕上突然出現(xiàn)一片空白。該句考查be doing.when.結構，意為“正在做就在這時（突然）”。從后面的動作went blank可知“看電影”發(fā)生在過去；并且是當吉姆正在看的時候，所以該題要用過去進行時態(tài)，即was watching。（2）（2011·浙江高考）One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A.afterB.while C.sinceD.when答案：D 本題考查固定句式。句意：一個周五，我們正在打包裹動身去過周末，就在這時我女兒聽到了呼救聲。 表示“正在做就在這時（突然）”用be doing.when.，所以D項正確。when用作并列連詞，在句中表示“就在這時（突然）”之意，它構成的固定句式是：be doing sth./be about to do sth./had done sth.when.對于此類題，解題的關鍵是要理清題干或選項中出現(xiàn)的標志詞，如本題中的were packing就是標志詞，再結合句意與邏輯，套用固定句式，就能找到答案。（3）（2009·福建高考）She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.A.when B.while C.after D.since答案：A 本題考查when的用法。由句意可知此處when用作并列連詞，意為“這時”。（4）（2010·大綱全國高考）Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.A.when B.if C.andD.till答案：A 句意：湯姆剛要關窗，這時他的注意力被一只鳥吸引了。Sb.be about to do.when.是一個固定句式，表示“某人正要做這時”。3.Before sb. 某人還沒來得及就【?？加梅ā縝efore用作連詞時，其基本含義是“在之前”，又可以根據不同語境靈活翻譯成“才”、“還沒來得及就”、“趁”、“就”等。具體用法如下：（1）與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用這時候從句雖為肯定形式，根據漢語表達習慣譯成“還沒來得及就”。Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.她還沒來得及邁步，就聽見一聲巨響，接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。（2）用于肯定句中強調主句所表達的時間、距離長，或花費的精力大，譯成“才”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。We waited a long time before the train arrived.我們等了很長時間火車才到。（3）用于否定句中，強調主句所表達的時間、距離短，或花費的精力小，譯成“不到就”。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就覺得累了。（4）主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副詞時可以譯為“剛就”。這時候主句應用過去完成時態(tài)，從句用過去時，還可以用when替代before。We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我們剛到學校鈴聲就響了。（5）有時還有“（寧可而）不愿”的意思。Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.我寧死也不向他道歉。（6）用于It+be/takes+時間段+before句型。在這一句型中又可以根據主從句的時態(tài)分成兩種情況。若主句是一般將來時態(tài)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時。若主句是肯定形式，意思是“要過多長時間才”；若主句是否定形式，翻譯成“用不了多久就”。It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.兩周之后一切才能恢復正常。It will be many years before the situation improves.這種狀況要過許多年才能得以改善。It wont be long before we meet again.用不了多久我們就會再見面的。若主句是一般過去時，從句也是一般過去時。若主句是肯定形式，翻譯成“多長時間之后才”；若主句是否定形式，翻譯成“沒過多久就”。It was some time before I realized that I was wrong.過了很長一段時間我才意識到我錯了。It wasnt long before she became a brave soldier.沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。After that it still took seven years before they got married.那之后他們又過了七年才結婚?！咀⒁狻慨斨骶涞闹^語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，before與until有時可以互換。如：It was an hour before/until the police arrived.【十年高考鏈接】（1）（2013·湖南高考）You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision.A.althoughB.beforeC.becauseD.unless答案：B although “雖然，盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句；before“在之前”，引導時間狀語從句；because “因為”，引導原因狀語從句；unless “除非”，引導條件狀語從句。句意：做任何決定之前,必須學會尊重自己的情感與理智?？崭袂昂蟮臅r間先后意味較為明顯，所以答案為B。 （2）（2013·陜西高考） I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.A.sinceB.untilC.beforeD.when答案：A 從題干中的 “have heard” 可知是“已經聽說”，所以應該是“自從我回來”，因此要用since引導時間狀語從句。句意：自從我從國外回來，我聽到了很多關于你的好消息。（3）（2013·上海高考）I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise I am sitting.A.beforeB.untilC.unlessD.where答案：D 本題四個選項都為常見的狀語從句引導詞。before“在之前”，引導時間狀語從句；until“直到為止”，引導時間狀語從句；unless“除非，如果不”，引導條件狀語從句；where“在的地方”，引導地點狀語從句。句意：“我不能聽清楚教授所講的東西，因為在我坐著的地方有太多的噪音?！憋@然這里指我所坐的地方太吵，導致我聽不清。解答這類題目要正確理解句意。（4）（2012·山東高考） A number of high buildings have arisen there was nothing a year ago but ruins.A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until答案：B 考查狀語從句的用法。句意：很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方拔地而起了。where在句中引導地點狀語從句。其他選項均不合題意。（5）（ 2012·上海春招） you take a photo，you should always check the position of the sun.A.BeforeB.AfterC.BecauseD.Though答案：A 考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：你在照相之前，應該檢查太陽的位置。before在之前；after在之后；because因為；though雖然。（6）（2012·重慶高考）Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.unless答案：C 考查狀語從句。句意：“教練，我可以繼續(xù)訓練嗎？”“對不起，你不可以，因為你膝蓋的傷還沒有恢復?！惫视胊s表示原因；until直到；before在之前；unless除非。（7）（2007·北京高考）Wheres that report?I brought it to you you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.A.if B.when C.because D.before答案：B 本題考查連詞用法及含義辨析。句意：“那篇報告在哪兒呢？”“昨天當你在布萊克先生辦公室的時候我?guī)Ыo你了?！眞hen“當時候”。（8）（2007·上海高考）Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully.A.though B.before C.until D.if答案：D 考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：如果小帆船沒有被仔細掌控好的話，那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if “如果”，引導條件狀語從句。（9）（2007·遼寧高考）We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table.A.since B.although C.until D.before答案：B 考查連詞的含義及用法。句意：盡管我們已經預訂了飯桌，但我們不得不等上半個小時。although“盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句。（10）（2007·福建高考）You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.A.before B.once C.until D.though答案：B 本題考查狀語從句的引導詞，before“在之前”，引導時間狀語從句；once“一旦”，引導條件狀語從句；until“直到”，引導時間狀語從句；though“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。由句意“一旦你有了信心，你在面試中就會成功的”可知應選B項。（11）（2007·安徽高考）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months；it will be a long time we meet them again. A.after B.before C.since D.when答案：B 本題考查before引導的時間狀語從句的用法。主句為將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替將來。 （12）（2004·天津高考）It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.A.that B.until C.since D.before答案：D 句意：我們還沒趕到溫徹斯特小城天就黑了。此處 before用于肯定句中強調主句所表達的時間、距離長，或花費的精力大。（13）（2005·廣東高考）The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.then答案：C 句意：美國內戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年，北方才最終獲勝。此處 before用于肯定句中強調主句所表達的時間長、花費的精力大，意為“才”。（14）（2005·山東高考）It was some time we realized the truth. A.when B.until C.since D.before答案：D 句意：過了一段時間我才了解到了真相?！癐t was +時間段+before從句”表示“過了多久才”。（15）（2006·四川高考）-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting？ -He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A.before B.until C.when D.after答案：A 句意：“你為什么沒告訴他開會的事？”“我還沒來得及說什么他就跑出了房子。”before sb.could.表示“某人還沒來得及就”。（16）（2006·福建高考）How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon？Perhaps two or three years. A.when B.until C.that D.before答案：D 句意：“你認為要過多久中國才能往月球發(fā)射載人飛船？”“或許兩三年?！薄癐t will be +時間段+before從句”表示“要過多久才”。 111