大學(xué)英語新視野版U05-A.ppt

Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,New Horizon College English,Unit 5 : Section A,Henry David Thoreau (A),Back,下一頁,Background Information,Henry David Thoreau (B),Back,下一頁,In the years 1845 1847, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concords Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterpiece, Walden (1854) 瓦爾登湖. His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) 在康科德與梅里馬克河上一周was the only other book he published in his lifetime. He reflected on a night he spent in jail protesting the Mexican-American War in the essay Civil Disobedience (1849)論公民的不服從權(quán)利 , which would later influence such figures as M. Gandhi and M. L. King.,Henry David Thoreau (C),Back,下一頁,In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned消逝;減弱 and he became a dedicated abolitionist廢除主義者 . His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod鱈魚角是位于美國馬塞諸塞州（麻?。┑囊粋€半島。 display the mind of a keen naturalist. After his death his collected writings were published in 20 volumes, and further writings have continued to appear in prints.,John Milton (A),John Milton: English poet (1608 1674). Milton attended Cambridge University (1625 1632), where he wrote poems in Latin, Italian, and English; these included LAllegro and Il Penseroso, both published,Back,下一頁,上一頁,later in Poems (1645). During 16321638 he engaged in private study writing the masque Comus (1637) and the extraordinary elegy哀歌,挽歌 Lycidas (1638) 利西達(dá)斯 and toured Italy.,John Milton (B),Concerned with the Puritan清教徒 cause in England, he spent much of 16411660 pamphleteering寫小冊子 for civil and religious liberty and serving in Oliver Cromwells government. His best-known prose is in the pamphlets Areopagitica (1644) 論出版自由, on freedom of the press, and Of Education (1644)論教育 . He lost his sight in the year of 1651, and thereafter dictated his works. His disastrous first marriage ended with his wifes death in 1652; two later marriages were more successful. After the Restoration英國查理二世王權(quán)復(fù)辟 he was arrested as a noted defender of the Commonwealth聯(lián)邦 , but was soon released.,Back,下一頁,上一頁,John Milton (C),Back,下一頁,上一頁,In Paradise Lost (1667) 失樂園 , his epic史詩般的 masterpiece on the Fall of Man人類墮落，伊甸園 written in blank verse無韻詩 , he uses his sublime偉大的;令人贊嘆的 “grand style” with superb power; his characterization of Satan撒旦 is a supreme achievement. He further expressed his purified faith in God and the regenerative恢復(fù)的;新生的 strength of the individual soul in Paradise Regained (1671) 復(fù)樂園 , an epic in which Christ overcomes Satan the tempter, and Samson Agonistes (1671)力士參孫，反映了王政復(fù)辟后彌爾頓內(nèi)心的痛苦以及對資產(chǎn)階級革命始終不渝的態(tài)度 , a tragedy in which the Old Testament figure conquers self-pity and despair to become Gods champion.,John Milton (D),Back,下一頁,上一頁,Considered second only to W. Shakespeare in the history of English-language poetry, Milton had an immense influence on later literature; though attacked early in the 20th century, he had regained his place in the Western canon總的規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或原則 by mid-century.,William Wordsworth (A),William Wordsworth: English poet (17701850). Orphaned at 13, Wordsworth attended Cambridge Univ., but remained rootless and virtually實際上; 事實上 penniless until 1795, when a legacy made possible,Back,下一頁,上一頁,a reunion with his sister D. Wordsworth. He became friends with S. T. Coleridge, with whom he wrote Lyrical Ballads (1798) 抒情歌謠集 , the collection often considered to have launched the English Romantic Movement.,William Wordsworth (B),Wordsworths contributions include “Tintern Abbey” 丁登寺 and many lyrics controversial for their common, everyday language. Around 1798 he began writing the epic autobiographical poem that would absorb him intermittently斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地 for the next 40 years, The Prelude (1850) ：序曲 . His second verse collection, Poems, in Two Volumes (1807), includes many of the rest of his finest works, including Ode: Intimations of Immortality不朽頌 . His poetry is perhaps most original in its vision of the almost divine神的, 天賜的 power of the creative imagination reforging再生，再造 the links between man and man, between humankind and the natural world.,Back,下一頁,上一頁,William Wordsworth (C),The most memorable poems of his middle and late years were often cast in elegiac哀悼的; 傷感的 mode; few match the best of his earlier works. By the time he became widely appreciated by the critics and the public, his poetry had lost most of its force and his radical激進(jìn)的 politics had yielded to conservatism保守主義 . In 1843 he became Englands poet laureate桂冠詩人. He is regarded as the central figure in the initiation開始,創(chuàng)始 of English Romanticism.浪漫主義文學(xué),Back,上一頁,Compound Dictation,Directions: You will hear a passage. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and supply the missing words.,Back,The United Nations _ came into _ on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been _ by a majority of the _ 51 Member States. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the _ of justice, human _ and the _ of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries _ when addressing international problems. _. They meet in the General Assembly, _ _.,As a sort of US national disease, lots of people are living alone, some divorced, some widowed and some never yet committed. But to be alone on purpose is of American hero. Solitude is liked by poets and philosophers for inspiration, and improved by being voluntary. Although those living with others may enjoy temporary solitude, those living in solitude may suffer from the need to talk, thus behaving strangely and talking at length to themselves or to their pets. The best cure for this is to stay rational, settle down and find grace and pleasure in ones own condition.,What is the text mainly about?,Back,How is the text organized?,The passage falls into four parts. The author begins with the brief description of being alone in USA. Next, two different views on solitude are presented. Then, three examples are given to illustrate why and how some personages choose to live in solitude. Finally, the author gives comments and advice on living in solitude.,For details,Back,下一頁,Back,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Part 1 (Para. 1),As a social trend, lots of people are living alone.,Loneliness: a sort of social disease but a characteristic of an American hero.,Part 3 (Paras. 3-10),Poets 伸出; 延長; 使?jié)M足需要,to stretch out (L. 46),飯菜夠吃嗎? 今晚我們多了5個客人吃飯。,活學(xué)活用,Will the food stretch out? Tonight weve got five extra guests for dinner.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,9. 充滿整個房間,to fill up the whole room (L. 46),充滿和諧與溫馨的婚姻不會有第三者插足。,活學(xué)活用,There is no involvement of a third party in the marriage filled up with harmony and warmth.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,10. 熬夜做某事,to stay up late to do sth. (L. 47),即使熬一個通宵，我也要寫一封措辭得當(dāng)?shù)耐扑]信。,活學(xué)活用,Ill write a properly-worded letter of recommendation, even if I have to stay up all night to do so(or for it).,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,11. 一口氣（地）,at one sitting (go/stretch)/with one single effort /in one breath (move) (L. 48),正如一口吃不成個胖子一樣，成功不能一蹴而就。,活學(xué)活用,Just as no one grows fat at one sitting, no success can be attained with one single effort.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,12. 一連串的,a succession of sth. (L. 58),一連串的受挫使他認(rèn)識到這樣一條真理：偉業(yè)并非一日之功。,活學(xué)活用,A succession of setbacks made him aware of the truth that Rome was not built in a single day.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,13. 聚塞；支持；倒車；阻止??；證實,to back up (L. 60),不論何事在心頭長期積壓，最好覓一知己一吐為快。,活學(xué)活用,It is better to find a bosom friend to confide in whatever has long backed up on your mind.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,14. 詳細(xì)地說；嘮叨不休,to talk at length (L. 63),浪漫的婚姻就是和你一起變老，一路上收集點點滴滴的歡樂，待老得走不動時細(xì)細(xì)地聊。,活學(xué)活用,The romantic marriage means aging all the way with you and picking up bits and pieces of joy for us to talk about at length when we are too old to walk.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,15. 跟某人爭論某事,to argue with sb. over sth. (L. 66),他寧愿和明白人吵架，也不愿和糊涂人說話。,活學(xué)活用,Rather than have a word with the muddle-head, he would argue with the person of reason.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,16. 在自身條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)雅和樂趣,to find/discover some grace and pleasure in our condition (L. 75),大學(xué)教育的根本問題就是如何使每個學(xué)生能發(fā)現(xiàn)自身的才能并能擴(kuò)展之。,活學(xué)活用,The basic problem with college education is how to enable each of the students to find talent in himself/ herself and extend it.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,17. 把某人物密封/封閉起來,to seal up sb. / sth. (L. 76),獨立自主決不是閉關(guān)自守，孤立奮斗。,活學(xué)活用,Self-reliance in no way means sealing oneself up from the outside world and working in isolation.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,18. 不妨/還不如做某事,might / may as well do sth. (L. 79),要教他懂禮貌，比趕鴨子上架還難。,活學(xué)活用,You might just as well drive ducks onto a perch as teach him to behave.,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,原句:Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. (L. 14),III. Expressions & Patterns,1. Typical patterns for exemplification:,下一頁,上一頁,Back,就拿多蘿西華茲華斯來說吧，她幫她兄弟威廉穿上外衣，為他找到筆記本和鉛筆，向他揮手告別，目送著他走進(jìn)早春的陽光去獨自對花沉思。,返回課文,III. Expressions & Patterns,(Just) Consider/Look at sb., for example /instance, doing this, doing that, and doing就拿某人來說為例吧, 他她做，做，做,句型提煉,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,應(yīng)用：a. 就拿孔繁森為例吧，他始終視人民的利益高于一切，他從不徇情枉法，他身體力行。他被視為清正廉潔的典范。,Consider Kong Fansen, for instance, always valuing the peoples interests above everything else, never bending the law for the benefit of his relatives, and earnestly practicing what he advocates. He is seen as the mirror of honesty and uprightness.,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,下一頁,Back,返回課文,III. Expressions & Patterns,應(yīng)用：b. 就拿他來說吧，他到處進(jìn)行權(quán)錢交易，結(jié)黨營私，侵吞公款。他是歷代貪官的翻版。,Just look at him, for example, trading his office for money wherever he goes, ganging up for his own purposes, and helping himself illegally to the public funds. He is the very reflection of the corrupt officials in history.,上一頁,下一頁,Back,返回課文,原句: Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates. (L. 20),III. Expressions & Patterns,下一頁,上一頁,Back,然而他并不自己費神將詩歌寫下來，而是喚回女兒們，向她們口述，由她們寫下來。,返回課文,2. Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.:,III. Expressions & Patterns,Rather than do sth., sb. does (would do) sth. else. 某人不愿意, 而愿意,句型提煉,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,應(yīng)用：a. 與其天天渾渾噩噩地活著，你還不如為社會做點兒力所能及的事。,Rather than muddle along every day, you do something within your ability for society.,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,下一頁,Back,返回課文,III. Expressions & Patterns,應(yīng)用：b. 他們不愿同床異夢，準(zhǔn)備分道揚鑣了。,Rather than share the same bed but hide different dreams, they are ready to part company with each other.,上一頁,下一頁,Back,返回課文,原句: We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be. (L. 26),III. Expressions & Patterns,3. Typical patterns for explanation of doing sth.：,下一頁,上一頁,我們欽佩他，并非因為他倡導(dǎo)自力更生精神，而是因為他孤身一人在瓦爾登湖畔生活，這是他自己想要這么做的。,Back,返回課文,III. Expressions & Patterns,Sb. does sth., not for(短語), but because (從句)某人做某事，并非因為, 而是因為,句型提煉,下一頁,上一頁,Back,返回課文,應(yīng)用：a. 一些人謀求學(xué)位，并非因為興趣愛好，而是因為就業(yè)壓力的影響。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,Some people seek degrees, not for their interest, but because of the pressure of occupation.,下一頁,Back,返回課文,應(yīng)用：b. 我愛慕你，并非因為你嬌美的外表，而是因為你的到來給我的生活賦予了新的內(nèi)涵。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,I yearn for you, not for your charming looks, but because your arrival has invested my life with new meanings.,下一頁,Back,返回課文,原句: Its important to stay rational. (L. 73),III. Expressions & Patterns,4. Typical patterns for statement of ones ideas:,It is important/essential/desirable/better /advisable /difficult/(for sb.) to do sth. 重要的是至關(guān)重要的是理想的是最好是明智的是難的是做某事。,句型提煉,下一頁,上一頁,重要的是保持理性。,Back,返回課文,應(yīng)用：a. 一輩子做一次好事并不難，難的是一輩子做好事，不做壞事。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,It is easy for one to do good once in his life, but it is difficult for one to do good rather than evil all his life.,Back,返回課文,下一頁,應(yīng)用：b. 抵制歪風(fēng)邪氣很重要，但更重要的是扶植正氣，改善社會環(huán)境。,III. Expressions & Patterns,上一頁,It is important to combat evil social trends, but it is more important to foster healthy trends and improve social environments.,Back,返回課文,Being a solitary individual is traditionally, in American culture, _ as being an inspirational experience. Writers of _ and philosophy are great believers _ the creative benefits of it. _ individuals also have a very _ opinion of themselves for having _ their solitude. These _ people, as a general _, have had to find brief periods of _ outside their own homes _ their loved ones waited patiently for them to _. William Wordsworth would _ good-bye to,perceived,poetry,in,Such,high,sought out,creative,rule,solitude,while,return,wave,下一頁,his sister before _ to study the flowers, _, while she _ the house and prepared dinner for a _ of hours. Thoreau is seen as admirable _ he was living in the woods all by himself. He had no one to talk to _ except for numerous daily visitors to his _ who constantly asked him about his _ at living without any company to talk to.,setting off,all alone,couple,tidied,because,at all,hut,nobility,上一頁,下一頁,X. Translate the following into English.,Poets and philosophers all speak highly of themselves for seeking out solitude, from which they can draw inspiration.,1. 詩人和哲學(xué)家都因能夠獨處而自視甚高，從獨處中他們能獲取靈感。,speak highly of oneself,上一頁,Back,seek out solitude,下一頁,上一頁,A humble person tends to suffer from solitude, feeling himself inadequate company, longing for others to be around.,2. 感覺謙卑的人往往易受孤獨的折磨，感到僅僅與自己相處遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，渴望有人做伴。,suffer from solitude,Back,long for others to be around,feel himself inadequate company,下一頁,上一頁,3. 那位寡居的老太太實在太孤獨了，她會和在超市遇到的陌生人嘮嘮叨叨地說上老半天她的寵物。,the widowed old lady,The widowed old lady was so lonely that she would talk at length to the strangers in the supermarket about her pets.,talk at length about,Back,下一頁,上一頁,4. 孤獨的感覺時起時落，但我們卻永遠(yuǎn)需要與人交談，把每日看到的想到的瑣事向人傾訴。,the daily succession of small observations and opinions,The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but our need to talk goes on forever the need of telling someone the daily succession of small observations and opinions.,rise and fall,Back,下一頁,上一頁,5. 對一個獨居的人來說，重要的是保持理性，安頓下來，使自己過得舒服，并在自身的條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)雅和樂趣。,To a person living alone, its important to stay rational and settle down and make himself comfortable, and find some grace and pleasure in his condition.,settle down,Back,stay rational,find some grace and pleasure in ones condition,下一頁,上一頁,6. 若與別人同住，你會在與他們小別時感覺耳目一新。,If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing.,refreshing,Back,temporary absence,下一頁,上一頁,7. 科學(xué)調(diào)查表明，獨居的人會對著自己，對著寵物，對著電視機(jī)嘮叨不休。,Scientific surveys show that those who live alone talk at length to themselves and their pets and the television.,talk at length,Back,scientific surveys,those who live alone,上一頁,8. 重要的是不再等待，安頓下來，使自己過得舒服，至少暫時要這樣。,Its important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least for the time being.,下一頁,make oneself comfortable,Back,at least for the time being,. Writing,（知識性說明文）,How to Be in Life / Future,1. 生活中/將來人們都想,2. 要想實現(xiàn)這一愿望，你應(yīng) 具備什么素質(zhì)？,（劃線部分可替換）,下一頁,寫作模式（知識性說明文）,1) Whether you are climbing the career ladder or just endeavoring to get through collegiate courses, I bet you desire to in life / future. 2) For example, sb. is eager to whereas sb. else longs to 3) To achieve this, however, you need to develop the qualities that the achievers share with one another.,Back,（劃線部分可替換）,下一頁,上一頁,4) First of all, you need to 5) The more, the more (進(jìn)一步說明) 6) Secondly, you need to 7) Such can offer you more chances to, thus (進(jìn)一步說明) 8) Thirdly, you need to 9) The quality of enables you to (進(jìn)一步說明) 10) Last, certainly not the least, you need to 11) Underlying this is sth. else that(進(jìn)一步說明) 12) To sum up, the qualities of, as mentioned above, will place you on the way to,Back,下一頁,上一頁,How to Be Likable in Social Life,1) 在社交生活中人人都渴望被人喜歡。 2）要想叫人喜歡，你必須具備什么素質(zhì)？,Back,下一頁,上一頁,1) Whether you are climbing the career ladder or just endeavoring to get through collegiate courses, I bet you desire to be likable in social life. 2) For example, a politician is eager to become the focus of the public worship whereas a student longs to be the center of others admiration. 3) To achieve this, however, you need to develop the qualities that the likable people share with one another.,Back,下一頁,上一頁,4) First of all, you need to make a strong connection to your “best self”. 5) The stronger connection you have to your best self now, the greater attraction you will hold to others. 6) Secondly, you need to find in yourself as much grace and virtue in common with others as possible. 7) Such common ground can offer you more chances to share your expertise and talents with others, thus leaving more of your mark on them. 8) Thirdly, you need to breed optimism. 9) The quality of being optimistic enables you to seek opportunity for those stuck in straits.,Back,上一頁,10) Last, certainly not the least, you need to cultivate the ability to make others comfortable. 11) Underlying this ability is the sense of humor that fills up others world with happiness. 12) To sum up, the qualities of being at your best, sharing common ground with others, being optimistic, and keeping others comfortable, as mentioned above, will place you on the way to being the kind of person others enjoy being around.,THE END,Back,