藝考生課程——語法 第四十三講 非謂語動(dòng)詞

2015年學(xué)大教育藝考生課程語法 第四十三講非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞適用學(xué)科高中英語適用年級(jí)高中三年級(jí)適用區(qū)域人教版課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式 動(dòng)名詞完成式的主動(dòng)形式 動(dòng)名詞一般式的被動(dòng)形式 動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式 動(dòng)名詞作主語 動(dòng)名詞作表語 動(dòng)名詞作賓語 動(dòng)名詞作定語 動(dòng)名詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞 教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：熟悉非謂語動(dòng)詞中動(dòng)名詞的靈活運(yùn)用方法。方法：分析動(dòng)名詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?。能力：提升學(xué)生的語言運(yùn)用能力，規(guī)范動(dòng)名詞在句子中的正確使用。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)句子中的主語、賓語、定語和表語教學(xué)難點(diǎn)動(dòng)名詞作句子中的主語或賓語教學(xué)過程一、課堂導(dǎo)入1、讓學(xué)生思考什么是動(dòng)名詞？由動(dòng)詞變成的名詞？動(dòng)名詞的詞性到底是動(dòng)詞還是名詞？2、導(dǎo)入動(dòng)名詞的定義：動(dòng)名詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種。動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征、有時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)變化，又具有名詞的句法功能，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語。二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)1、教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：非謂語動(dòng)詞中的不定式，并采用提問的方式將上節(jié)課的重難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固記憶。1）不定式的構(gòu)成形式是什么？2）不定式作狀語有哪三種不同的情況？2、針對(duì)上節(jié)課的課后作業(yè)進(jìn)行訂正、講評(píng)、答疑，將集中出錯(cuò)的地方進(jìn)行分析和進(jìn)一步講解。三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1：動(dòng)名詞的形式：動(dòng)名詞肯定式：v-ing 否定式：not + v-ing邏輯主語：物主代詞（有時(shí)用賓格代替）、名詞所有格（有時(shí)用名詞普通格）以do為例，動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成如下： 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式（和謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）doingbeing done完成式（在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生之前）having donehaving been done例如：1. He forgot being taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old。（賓語、被動(dòng)式）2. His not being praised upsets him a lot.（主語、被動(dòng)式）3. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. （表語）4. He cant walk without a walking stick.（定語）知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2：動(dòng)名詞的句法功能（1）作主語 例如：Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集郵是我的愛好。注意：動(dòng)名詞短語作句子主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語動(dòng)名詞置于句后，例如：It is dangerous travelling in that way. 用那種方式旅游是件冒險(xiǎn)的事情?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)】常用句式有：1、It is + no use/good/fun + doing sth.2、It is + a waste of time/money + doing sth. 例如：It is no use playing computer games. 玩電腦游戲是沒用的。It is a waste of time discussing that question again and again. 反復(fù)討論那個(gè)問題是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。（2）作賓語：動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1】要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁）, preventkeepstop(from), protectfrom, set about（著手做）, be engaged in（沉迷于）, spend(in), succeed in, be used to（習(xí)慣于）, look forward to, object to（反對(duì)）, pay attention to, insist on, feel like（喜歡）, have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth, have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2】主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：sb sth. + want / need / require / be worth + doing 此處的doing = to be done例如：The boy needs taking good care of. 這個(gè)男孩需要人照顧。= The boy needs to be taken good care of .（3）作定語： 動(dòng)名詞作定語，表示所修飾名詞的功能或作用。例如：a walking stick 拐杖a sleeping car 臥鋪車廂（4）作表語： 動(dòng)名詞作表語表示對(duì)主語的解釋或者說明，通常可以和主語互換位置。例如：My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的愛好是集郵。我們也可以說：Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集郵是我的愛好。四、例題精析【例題1】Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great helpATo have had BHaving had CHaveDHaving【答案】D【解析】Having the answers ready是動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語的用法。【例題2】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.AlivingBto live Cto be living Dhaving lived【答案】A【解析】本句考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。try doing sth意為“試著做某事”?！纠}3】I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. AsailBto sailCsailingDto have sailed【答案】C【解析】imagine Peter sailing是動(dòng)詞imagine加動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。【例題4】You were brave enough to raise objections（反對(duì)）at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done【答案】D【解析】由題意可知現(xiàn)在我后悔做過那件事了，regret后接動(dòng)名詞表示后悔做過某事。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1、_ a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. AKicking BKickedCHaving kicked DKick【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞作主語。句意為：在濕滑的地面上踢足球如果你不小心可能會(huì)傷到你的腳。2、_ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.AExaminingBExaminedCBeing examinedDHaving been examined【答案】C【解析】句中缺少的是主語，過去分詞不作主語，故排除B項(xiàng)；從整個(gè)句子意思來看examine需要用被動(dòng)式且用其一般式即可。3、When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy _ supper.Apreparing for Bin preparingCto prepare forDto prepare【答案】B【解析】“be busy (in) doing something”表示忙于干某事，要求接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。準(zhǔn)備的直接賓語是 “supper”，故其前面不用介詞for?！眷柟獭?、How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden？Ato take BtakeCtakingDto be taking【答案】C【解析】the two of us taking是動(dòng)詞take的動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2、People appreciate _with him because he has a good sense of humor.Ato workBto have workedCworkingDhave working【答案】C【解析】appreciate后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。3、Something as simple as_ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.Ato drinkBdrinkingCto be drinkingDdrunk【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞作主語的用法。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主語，謂語是clear和relieve。不定式雖然也可以作主語，但在此題中有asas結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要選擇和something較一致的動(dòng)名詞而不是不定式。答案是B項(xiàng)。4、The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.ArecognizingBbeing recognizedChaving recognizedDhaving been recognized【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。句意：那位電影明星戴上墨鏡。所以，他去買東西不會(huì)被認(rèn)出來。此處without是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞，這里意為被認(rèn)出來，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式?！景胃摺?、Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been finedBto have been finedCto be finedDbeing fined【答案】D【解析】escape后面接doing的形式，且主語Mark和fine為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2、_ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.AUnderstandingBTo be understoodCBeing understoodDHaving understood【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。所填詞做題干的主語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，且是陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式，故選A。3、 Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato takeBtakingCnot to takeDnot taking【答案】D【解析】動(dòng)詞regret后面加上動(dòng)名詞，表示對(duì)所發(fā)生的情況表示遺憾或后悔。根據(jù)句意，我后悔的事情是沒有采取他的建議，所以選擇動(dòng)名詞的否定。課程小結(jié) 本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)了非謂語動(dòng)詞中有關(guān)動(dòng)名詞的語法知識(shí)，旨在讓學(xué)生們?cè)趩雾?xiàng)選擇中以及寫作中能夠掌握動(dòng)名詞使用的要領(lǐng)，尤其是動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)句子中的主語或賓語。動(dòng)詞的使用是英語當(dāng)中最復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，所以能夠正確使用動(dòng)詞衍生而來的動(dòng)名詞也就解決了動(dòng)詞使用中的一部分難題。學(xué)生需要通過課上以及課后的練習(xí)鞏固對(duì)本部分內(nèi)容的認(rèn)識(shí)。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairingBneeds to repair Cneeds repairingDneed to repair【答案】A【解析】two-thirds of作主語時(shí)，其后謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故可排除選項(xiàng)B和C。另外，由于動(dòng)詞need后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)是用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，而接不定式時(shí)則用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)，故此題答案應(yīng)選A，不能選D。但是，若將D改為need to be repaired則也可以選。2. What does the teacher suggest _ when we make a mistake？AdoBto doCdoingDdid【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。what 是do 的賓語，這里構(gòu)成了suggest doing sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：當(dāng)我們犯錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，老師建議我們?cè)趺醋瞿兀?. Was it _ the international conference that made the city the focus of this area?Ato hold Bhold Cheld Dholding【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：是國(guó)際會(huì)議的舉行使這個(gè)城市成為這個(gè)地區(qū)的焦點(diǎn)嗎？本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語，所以用動(dòng)名詞做主語?！眷柟獭?. _ by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.ASurroundedBBeing surroundedCHaving been surroundedDSurrounding【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。作主語，要用動(dòng)名詞形式，由語境可知，這里指的是Tai Ping Lake被青山環(huán)繞，所以用being done結(jié)構(gòu)。2. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here.Apeople smokingBpeople smokeCto smokeDsmoking【答案】D【解析】動(dòng)詞allow后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，習(xí)慣上只能是動(dòng)名詞，不能是不定式；但若其后接有sb，則sb后要接不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞。也就是說它的兩個(gè)常用句型是：allow doing sth和allow sb to do sth。3. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.AlockingBto lock Chaving locked Dto have locked【答案】A【解析】remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接動(dòng)名詞，如果選擇B，這與后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能選擇答案A、C 和D 都是完成時(shí)，他們表示比主句動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間更早，沒有必要。4. In the beginning, the man refused to say anything about the lost car, but he had to admit _ it because of the solid proofs.Astolen BstealingCto steal Dto have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。admit doing sth承認(rèn)做某事。故B正確?！景胃摺?. Have you finished _ your composition? It is time to hand it in.Not yet, I _ it the whole morning, but it is so hard that I only finished half of it.Awriting; had written Bwrite; wroteCwritten; was written Dwriting; have been writing【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法和時(shí)態(tài)。finish doing sth完成某事。第二空后的時(shí)間狀語是the whole morning整個(gè)上午，指整個(gè)上午我一直在寫作文，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和反復(fù)性。故使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。綜合D正確。2. Congratulations on your _ as the leader of our office.AappointBappointmentCbeing appointedDappointed【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞短語的被動(dòng)形式，appoint與you構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但是這里要用動(dòng)名詞形式。句意是：祝賀你被任命為我們辦公室的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。故答案為C項(xiàng)。3. David got well-prepared for the university interview, for he couldnt risk the good opportunity _.Ato lose Blosing Cto be lost Dbeing lost【答案】D【解析】句意：戴維為大學(xué)面試做了充分準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗荒苊半U(xiǎn)失去這個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。Risk后用動(dòng)名詞形式，機(jī)會(huì)是被失去，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，the good opportunity being lost是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做賓語。故選D項(xiàng)。