（浙江專用）2020版高考英語大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題突破 專題8 情態(tài)動詞課件.ppt

專題八情態(tài)動詞,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.表示能力,但could主要指過去的能力。表示“過去有能力做成某事”時通常用was/were able to。 The little boy can speak two foreign languages. 這個小男孩會講兩種外語。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 這個女孩上學(xué)前識字嗎? Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out. 起火的時候大家都能逃生。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,2.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常譯為“往往會,有時候可能會”,常用于肯定句中。 (2016全國)By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. 通過追蹤人們的電子郵件和網(wǎng)上的帖子,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)好消息比災(zāi)難與悲傷的故事傳播得更快、更遠。 3.表示請求和允許。在問句中could語氣比can要委婉。 Can I have a word with you? It wont take long. 我能和你說會話嗎?不會占用你很長時間。 You can go back home now. 你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么能這么粗心? 5.表示推測,常用于否定句和疑問句中,語氣較強。 He cant be in the classroom;the light is not on. 他不可能在教室里;燈沒亮。 Why are your eyes so red? You cant have slept well last night. 你的眼睛為什么紅紅的?你昨天晚上一定沒有睡好。 My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who could have taken it? 我的書哈迪斯之屋丟了,誰會把它拿走呢?,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,6.cannot/can never.too/enough.表示“再也不為過”。 You can never be too careful when driving a car. 開車的時候再小心都不為過。 7.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。 You cannot choose but go with me. 你只能跟我走。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall。 You shall do as your father says. 你要按照你父親說的那樣做。 One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我們規(guī)定中的其中一項是:每位學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。 Each party shall respect the articles of this contract. 任何一方都要尊重合同的條款。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,2.用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ街甘尽?Shall the man standing outside have a try? 站在門外的那個人可以試試嗎?,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。對比:have to表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時態(tài)。 以must開頭的問句,其否定回答用neednt或dont have to。 Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really must go now.My daughter is home alone. 你不能再多待一會兒嗎? 天色已晚,我現(xiàn)在真的必須要走了。我女兒一個人在家。 Students mustnt play with mobile phones in class. 學(xué)生課上不準(zhǔn)玩手機。 I had lost my key,so I had to wait outdoors. 我丟了鑰匙,所以不得不在外面等。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達出說話者的一種不滿情緒。 Can I smoke here? No.Go to the smoking section,if you must. 我能在這里抽煙嗎? 不能,如果你非要抽煙的話,就去吸煙區(qū)吧。 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 別人都在睡覺,為什么你偏要這么大聲說話? 3.表示對具體事情的推測,意為“一定,肯定”,語氣較強,只用于肯定句中。 (2016江蘇)She must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time,only to disappear again without signs. 她一定是曇花一現(xiàn)的那種,在沒有任何征兆的情況下會再次消失。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.表示義務(wù),常譯為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人稱。ought to的語氣比should強烈。 Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies. 父母應(yīng)該照看好他們的孩子。 2.should表示推測,譯為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對未來合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。 Its nearly 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment. 快八點鐘了。此刻他應(yīng)該在這兒了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,3.should表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”。 You should wear slippers in the classroom. 你竟然在教室里穿著拖鞋。 4.用在if條件句中,should表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣。 If I should see him,I would tell him the news. 如果我見到他,我就告訴他這個消息。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.表示意愿,用于各種人稱的陳述句中。would常指過去的意愿。 If you will read the book,Ill give it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書,我就給你。 2.表示請求、建議,常用于第二人稱,用在疑問句中。would語氣較委婉。 Will you please close the window? 請你關(guān)上窗戶好嗎?,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,3.表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作,常譯為“總是,慣于”。would 可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向,后面接表示動作的動詞,不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對比:used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。 The door wouldnt open,no matter how hard she pushed. 無論她怎么用力推,這扇門就是打不開。 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends. 我仍然記得快樂的童年,那時媽媽經(jīng)常在周末帶我去迪斯尼樂園。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.表示請求、允許、許可,might比may語氣委婉。 You may use my bike. 你可以用我的自行車。 2.表示推測,常用于陳述句中,語氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語氣比may還要弱。 Life is unpredictable;even the poorest might/may bee the richest. 生活是不可預(yù)測的,甚至是最窮的人也可能會變成最富的。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,3.may/might as well+動詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如”。 You may/might as well do it at once. 你最好立刻開始做。 4.may well+動詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”。 He may well be late for class. 他上課很可能遲到。 5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。 May you return in safety.祝你安全歸來。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.二者都可以作為情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時,后面要接動詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作行為動詞時,其變化和一般的動詞相同,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do,does,did。dare用作行為動詞,用于否定句和疑問句時,常省略后面的to。 (201610浙江)Smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently. 聰明的公司需要找到辦法讓它們的員工能靈活有效地支配他們的時間。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,(201610浙江)With great care she began the dangerous crossing,sometimes on her hands and knees,hardly daring to look down between the sleepers into the wild flood waters below. 她小心翼翼地開始危險的跋涉,有時匍匐前行,幾乎不敢看那些枕木下的滔滔洪水。 2.need作行為動詞時,若主語為動作的承受者時用謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式。 The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired. 這個房子需要維修。 3.I dare say為習(xí)慣說法,意為“我想,大概”。 I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner. 我想她不敢用這種方式跟他父親說話。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.can,may,must皆可用來表示推測。 (1)在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能性。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理論上的可能性。 (2)在否定句中只能用cannot/cant和may not。cant(不可能)語氣比may not(可能不、也許不)更強。 (3)在疑問句中只能用can,不能用may和must。 Accidents can happen on such snowy days.Look,there is some blood on the road;an accident must have happened just now.But it cant have been Mike,for I saw him in the school. 這樣的下雪天可能會發(fā)生事故?？?公路上有血;剛才一定發(fā)生事故了。但肯定不是邁克,因為我看見他在學(xué)校里。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,2.should 與ought to 可以表示對未來情況的一種期盼,常譯為“按理應(yīng)當(dāng)”。 He should/ought to be here on timehe started early. 他應(yīng)該能按時到達這兒他很早就出發(fā)了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,1.could have done的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定,其中couldnt have done 多用于語氣強烈的否定,意為“過去不可能做過”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本來能做但卻沒做”。 The accident could have been avoided;the driver couldnt have slowed down. 這事故本來是可以避免的;司機肯定沒減速。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,2.may/might have done 表示對過去行為的推測,意為“可能做過”。might 所表示的可能性比較弱,此外might have done 還可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”,含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。 You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work. 你本來可以給他更多的幫助,盡管你工作很忙。 3.must have done 表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定,想必做過”,語氣十分肯定。 It must have rained last night,as the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因為地面是濕的。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句時,表示“本該做某事而實際上未做”;用于否定句時,則表示“不該做某事反而做了”。 Sorry,Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh,its too bad.You should have made full preparations. 對不起,媽媽,我這次工作面試又失敗了。 太糟糕了。你本來應(yīng)該進行充分準(zhǔn)備的。 5.neednt have done表示“本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了”。 I actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came. 我實際上不必買這么多食物只有三個人來了。,考點二,考點三,考點四,考點五,考點六,考點一,考點八,考點七,考點九,6.had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事”。 I had better have started earlier. 我要是早點起程就好了。 7.would rather have done sth.表示“寧愿當(dāng)時做某事”,其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表達相反的含義,兩者都含有“后悔”之意。 I would rather have taken his advice. 我寧愿當(dāng)時接受了他的建議。 8.would like/love to have done sth.表示“過去愿意做某事但未做成”。 I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish my report. 我昨天晚上本想去參加聚會來,但我不得不加班寫完報告。,.用合適的情態(tài)動詞填空 1.(201610浙江)“Someone must go to the station and warn the station-master.”Kate thought. 2.(2016全國)Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,but giving up the life you know may be harder. 3.(2018天津)I cant find my purse.I could/might have left (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure. 4.(2016浙江)George cant have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. 5.(2015重慶)You must be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years. 6.(2018北京)In todays information age,the loss of data can cause serious problems for a pany.,7.(2017北京)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,can easily reach the books on the top shelf. 8.Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Hans first film,The Continent,should be such a huge success. 9.(2017天津)My room is a mess,but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning. 10.Im afraid I have to leave now,for you see,he is waiting for me. Well,if you must,at least wait till the heavy rain stops. 11.(2018江蘇) Its strange that he should have taken the books without the owners permission.,.用所給單詞的正確形式完成下面短文 mightmayisareshouldcanwillwould Lack of parent willpower 1.may contribute more to young peoples obesity than under-exercising or overeating. Research suggests that having overweight parents 2.is a big influence upon a childs weight,with one study finding that children with overweight parents 3.are four times more likely to be overweight themselves.,The findings add heat to an already fierce political debate(爭論) over childhood obesity.The Prime Minister,John Howard,last week decided that $116 million would be used for programs to deal with obesity,while the Opposition Leader,Mark Latham,recently announced that his party 4.would move to protect children from unhealthy food ads. Clare Collins,a senior lecturer at the University of Newcastle,believes such programs 5.will definitely fail unless they influence the way of life of whole families.“If we 6.cant get parents to take action against their own weight problems,then we 7.cant expect to influence their kids,” she said.,However,Professor Louise Baur from the Childrens Hospital at Westmead,doubts whether adult education programs offer any solution to weight problems.“Many parents know they need to lose weight and they know it influences their kids,but they lack the willpower to do anything about it.” The 10-year study of 150 American children found two-thirds of children with overweight parents became overweight.Only one in six children whose parents 8.were of average weight became overweight.,The president of the Australasian Society for the Study of Obesity,Associate Professor Gary Wittert,said parents needed help in doing their job and the Opposition Partys policy 9.might be on the right track. “We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe,so we make law against it,” he said.“Obesity is a major public health concern,so why 10.shouldnt we change the law regarding unhealthy food ads?”,