全新版大學英語綜合教程正確的課后翻譯

一我認為總結(jié)一下英語學習的經(jīng)驗是值得一試的。這里，我想談談三個相關的問題。首先，大量閱讀應被視作學習過程中的重點，因為我們是通過閱讀獲取最大量語言輸入(language input)的。其次，盡可能多背一些好文章也十分重要。一方面，死記硬背(rote learning)確實無甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基礎上的熟記肯定對我們有好處。大腦中存儲了大量很好的文章，我們在用英語表達自己思想的時候，就會覺得容易多了。最后，我們應該把所學到的東西用到實踐中去，這是至關重要的。通過多讀、多寫、多聽、多說，我們就能完成提高英語水平的任務。I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points.First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the learning progress, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning/learning by rote is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understanding will certainly be of benefit /do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express us in English. Finally, it's critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to the task of perfecting our English.自從他加盟以來，喬治從早忙到晚。他總是樂呵呵的，一直全身心地撲在工作上。由于表現(xiàn)出色，他被提升為執(zhí)行總裁（CEO=CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER）.從那以后，他盡力和工人打成一片，從不盛氣凌人。另外，他制定了一些獎勵制度，鼓勵工人們努力工作。他相信忠誠和勤勞會大大促使公司獲得成功。人們都說他是位出色的執(zhí)行總裁。George was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was promoted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with other workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyalty and hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer.也許你羨慕我，因為我可以借助計算機在家里工作。我也這么想，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我的工作方便多了。我可以通過電子郵件撰寫、編輯并交出我的文章，在網(wǎng)上與我的同事聊天，與老板討論工作。我用鼠標一擊，馬上就能拿到我要的一切資料，獲得最新的消息?？墒?，另一方面，用網(wǎng)絡通信有時也令人沮喪。系統(tǒng)有可能癱瘓，更糟的是，因為沒有面對面交談的情感提示，鍵出的詞有時候似乎很難理解。Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer . I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, write and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seems difficult to interpret.眾多事實證明這一說法：要想讓自己很快從低落的情緒中解脫出來，你得讓自己哭。你不必為“哭”而感到羞愧。憂慮和悲傷能隨同眼淚一起流出身體。看一看唐娜的例子吧。她的兒子在一次車禍中不幸喪生。這次打擊之大使她欲哭無淚。她說：“直到兩個星期后的一天，我才開始放聲痛哭。然后，我便覺得一塊石頭從我的肩上抬走了。是眼淚將我?guī)Щ氐搅爽F(xiàn)實之中，幫助我度過危機?！盢umerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You neednt/dont have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears. Consider the case of/Take Donna, Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.” 芭芭拉夢想當一名執(zhí)行總裁已有好長時間了。為了達到心中渴望的這一目的，她向多家跨國(multi-national)公司申請工作，但都失敗。然而，似乎任何東西都不能使她氣餒。不久前她利用當?shù)匾患毅y行的貸款，開了一家餐館。她邊做生意邊照料兩個年幼的孩子。同時，她還攻讀工商管理碩士(MBA)學位。盡管如此，她努力做到將自己的事情安排得井井有條。不過，即便對她來說，爭分奪秒地工作也絕非易事。這是件累人的活兒。Barbara has dreamed of becoming a CEO for a long time. To achieve her heart's desire, she applied for a job in many multi-national corporation, but fail to get it. However, nothing seems to be able to undo her. With a loan from a local bank she opened a restaurant no long ago. While doing business she is having two young children to care for. Also, she is studying for an MBA degree. Despite all this she manages to get her act together. Nevertheless, even to her, racing the clock is by no means a piece of cake. It's a very exhausting job. 雖然英語是如何產(chǎn)生的還是個謎，語言學家傾向于認為它和很多歐洲語言來自一個源頭，即印歐語系。英語最初是在公元五世紀入侵英格蘭的盎格魯撒克遜人使用的。他們將英語的基本詞匯傳給了我們。在十五個多世紀的發(fā)展中，英語大量借用了其他語言，這種借用大大豐富了英語的詞匯。隨著移民來到美洲建立了獨立的美利堅合眾國，英語又增添了一個新的變種：美語。雖然有人擔憂英語的發(fā)展失控了，但大多數(shù)以英語為母語的人對他們語言的寬容性感到自豪。Though how the English language came into existence remains mystery, linguists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed on to us the basic vocabulary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other languages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.二十年之前，南希做了許許多多美國人夢寐以求的事。她辭去了經(jīng)理職位，在鄰近地區(qū)開了一家家用器材商店。像南希這樣的人作出這種決定主要是出于改善生活質(zhì)量的愿望。然而，經(jīng)營小本生意絕非易事。在失去穩(wěn)定的收入后，南希不得不削減日常開支。有時候她甚至沒有錢支付她所需要的種種保險的費用。有一次她連電話費也付不起，只得向她的父母親借錢。幸運的是，通過自己的努力，她已經(jīng)度過了最困難的時期。她決心繼續(xù)追求她所向往的更加美好的生活。A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and open/set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of their desire to improve the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business is by on means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not have the money to pay the premiums for various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she had now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursing her vision of a better life.亨森獲得自由后不久就一心幫助逃跑奴隸。他幾次偷偷地從加拿大回到美國幫助其他奴隸通過地下鐵路獲得自由。有一次在逃跑時亨森和幾個逃跑的奴隸被捕捉奴隸的人包圍。他將逃跑的奴隸喬裝打扮一番，成功地躲避了追捕。另外，他后來在加拿大的得累斯頓為逃跑的奴隸建造了一個居住小區(qū)，并建了教堂和學校。他堅信奴隸制將被廢除，所有奴隸終將獲得解放，種族歧視消失的那天一定會到來。Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden, Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.人們幾乎無法將蓄意行竊的盜賊拒之門外。所能做的只是設法阻攔他片刻，從而使其暴露在巡警面前。常識告訴我們光照是犯罪行為的障礙物。家門口必須安裝一盞燈，并在晚間開著。如果你碰巧是最晚一個回家，別只關門而不上鎖。如果你決定購買精密的電子報警系統(tǒng)，別忘了索要報警器的標志，并把它們張貼在窗戶和門上。此外，你還可以將報警系統(tǒng)連接到警署。 It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/Assure yourself that you don't leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.2005年最不尋常的事也許是聯(lián)合國宣布這一年為世界物理學年。這一年是愛因斯坦發(fā)表相對論100周年，也是他去世50周年，1905年，愛因斯坦發(fā)表了五篇科學史上非常重要的了論文，從而使物理學發(fā)生了突破性進展。他的偉大成就可歸之于他令人驚嘆的想象力，不斷地質(zhì)疑和對權威的漠視。毫無疑問，愛因斯坦是20實際最偉大的科學家。What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it "The World Year of Physics". It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.在感恩節(jié)的氣氛中，喬治并沒有跟朋友們一起慶祝節(jié)日，卻沉浸于閱讀他父親留給他的日記。他的父親在連續(xù)再次完成環(huán)球旅行后在海上去世。這份日記使他回憶起自己與父親一起度過的每一刻以及父親為他所做的許多具體事情。喬治的父親過去經(jīng)常向他強調(diào)必須經(jīng)歷各種艱難困苦去追求卓越（EXCELLENCE）。他還教導他世界上沒有理所當然的東西。即使今天，他依然記得父親如何引用“懂得感激是高尚者的標志”這句伊索（AESOP）名言來教導他要把懂得感激放在最重要的位置。Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving,rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday,George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the needs to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.我們到處都能看到“搶眼”的青年藝術家。他們要么一年四季都穿著破舊的牛仔褲；要么大冬天也打著赤腳；要么飲酒過度；要么就是抱著創(chuàng)作一部杰作的幻想，實際上并不做任何創(chuàng)作的事。其實，他們中的很多人只不過是為了看上去像名藝術家，或是為了同其他藝術家“保持一致”才這么做的。他們忘了，只有通過不懈的努力才能獲得成功。Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be "in tunes with" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.湯姆生來跛足，有一條腿不管用。他很小的時候起就懂得，除非他努力擺脫（RISE ABOVE）自身的局限，他是無力謀生的；而除非他能獨立謀生，他就不可能得到他人的尊敬。這是他要贏得做人的尊嚴必須付出的代價。湯姆申請過許多工作，都遭到拒絕，最后他找到一份為必勝客(PIZZA HUT）送比薩餅的工作。后來他又到一個沒有人想去的推銷區(qū)做一家運動服裝（SPORTS WEAR）公司的銷售代表?，F(xiàn)在，他在他的家鄉(xiāng)擁有一家頗為盈利的零售商店，還雇用了好幾個人為他工作，這些人都不拿薪水，只拿傭金。Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission.1997年，蘇格蘭一組科學家的克隆實驗使多利羊得以誕生。自那時以來，有關克隆人的激烈爭論一直進行著。這一有爭議的問題的焦點聚集在此項技術的倫理與社會含義上：此項技術會對人類生育，撫養(yǎng)孩子以及人的個性等的真正意義帶來什么影響。大多數(shù)人學家堅決反對繁殖性克隆，支持旨在治療疾病的治療性克隆。其理由是，治療性的克隆技術不涉及任何對人的生命的威脅，實際上還能為人們提供極大的緩解痛苦的可能。他們相信有適當?shù)恼吆捅O(jiān)管以確保治療性克隆被安全地使用，我們都能從這一過程中收益。Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue had focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, etcetera. The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we canal benefit from this procedure.三攻勢已經(jīng)持續(xù)了三天，但我們并沒有取得多少進展。師長（division commander）命令我們營（battalion）繞到敵人后方發(fā)起突然襲擊。然而，要繞到敵人后方，我們必須越過一片沼澤地（marshland）。我們很多人擔心會陷入泥潭之中。我們營長決定冒一下險。所幸由于寒冷天氣早則地都結(jié)上了冰。我們于天亮前到達目的地并從敵人后方發(fā)起進攻，這一下扭轉(zhuǎn)了戰(zhàn)局。敵人沒有戒備，不久便投降了。The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.汽車自從發(fā)明以來使交通運輸發(fā)生了革命性的變化，永遠的改變了人們的生活，旅行和辦事的方式。但另一方面，也帶來了一些危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，現(xiàn)今由于計算機技術和電子傳感器的使用，有可能消除發(fā)生的大多數(shù)交通事故。例如裝在你汽車上的電子傳感器能檢測到空氣中的酒精霧氣并拒絕啟動引擎。同樣，傳感器還能通過接收在軌道上運行的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號檢測路況并大大減少你陷入交通擁堵的可能性。Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.常言道，好的開端是成功的一半。在求職時，求職者事先做好充分的準備是非常重要的。我認為，事先作不作準備常常會影響求職者的成功機會。我的一位朋友在一家計算機軟件公司供職，年薪十萬美元左右。他根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我說，那些對未來的雇員具有錄用決定權的人喜歡有充分準備的人。那些沒有在了解未來的雇主方面盡全力的人很難有成功的希望。Well begun，half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.全球化對中國年輕人具有重大影響。例如，年輕的農(nóng)民正在大規(guī)模流向城市尋找工作。而對那些想出國深造或進外企工作的年輕人來說，英語變得越來越重要。另一方面，許多海外學子近年來回歸祖國，因為他們看好中國經(jīng)濟的長期增長前景。因特網(wǎng)加強了中國年輕人和其他地方年輕人的聯(lián)系。他們跟蹤最新的潮流，模仿外國的時尚。他們中一些人似乎不在乎中國的傳統(tǒng)美德，更不要說發(fā)揚光大，這使得有人擔憂中國傳統(tǒng)文化會不會有一天終將消失。Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trends can copy foreign fashions. Some of them dont seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.就我來說，我發(fā)現(xiàn)外表往往是靠不住的。比如說吧，要是你憑外表去判斷諸如毛姆筆下的愛德華·海德·伯頓這樣的人，你就錯了。從外表和舉止來看，伯頓好像是個渾然一體的人。他個子很小，滿頭白發(fā)，有著一雙溫和、蔚藍的眼睛。他文雅坦率，和藹可親，許多人都說他是個世上最令人尊敬的人。然而，他對需要他幫助的朋友卻很殘忍。他侮辱和愚弄山窮水盡的倫尼，讓他去做那樣的蠢事。更讓人吃驚的是，他對倫尼的死全然冷漠無情。毫無疑問，他是個鐵石心腸的家伙。For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel he insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lennys death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.當今我們現(xiàn)在處于持續(xù)的壓力之下，要工作更長時間，要生產(chǎn)更多，擁有更多。許多人有種錯誤的認識：幸福就在于拼命地干，使勁地賺。許多婦女今天感到同樣的壓力，要創(chuàng)造，要出人頭地，而與此同時，又要養(yǎng)育子女，承擔起各種家庭責任。研究表明，工作狂workaaholism往往使我們與家人的關系疏遠。它會迫使我們長時間地勞作，僅留微乎其微的時間與我們所愛的人聚在一起、交流感情。家庭成員間的親密關系在此過程中注定要消亡。Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well /good money. Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.今天，在地震襲擊我的家鄉(xiāng)很久以后，我仍然能歷歷在目的想起我與父母從家里逃出來時候所看到的場景，馬路對面的房子就在我們的眼前倒塌，瓦礫四處亂飛，嗆人的塵云遮住了太陽，驚恐的人們哭叫著四處奔跑。如今那一場悲慘事件已過去多年，舊城的廢墟上已經(jīng)聳立起一座新城，人們在小鎮(zhèn)廣場上建起了一個紀念碑，以紀念那些災難中的死者，看來人們心中的創(chuàng)傷已經(jīng)愈合，但對此事的記憶將不會消失。Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before my eyes, debris flew every-where and a could of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming. Now many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in peoples hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.上星期三，我和我的同學卡羅林一起游覽了周莊，那是一個四周環(huán)水的著名城鎮(zhèn)。當我們到達鎮(zhèn)上時，卡羅林激動地向她看見的第一座橋飛奔過去，然后便在那里高聲唱了起來。突然她的嗓音靜了下來，原來她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己驚動了離我們不遠處的一群鴨子。當時卡羅林太想乘船了，于是我們決定坐船游覽該鎮(zhèn)。卡羅林跟河里所有的動物時而高聲、時而低語地說著話并且不停地瞎忙乎，而我則默默地看著船兒在水面上輕輕地滑過。雖然我們沒有見到任何壯觀的景物，我們享受了在這個遠離大城市喧囂的鎮(zhèn)里度過的每一分鐘。周莊是值得游覽的。如果有時間，我還想再次去那里。Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.