專題 動詞的被動語態(tài)
學習好資料歡迎下載專題十動詞的被動語態(tài)網(wǎng)絡知識清單主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài)主動形式表被動意義被動形式表主動意義??键c清單一被動語態(tài)的構成及用法一、被動語態(tài)的構成1. 被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構為:be + 動詞的過去分詞2. 各種時態(tài)的主動、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構如下表(以動詞 do 為例):時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)例句被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時一般將來時過去進行時過去完成時過去將來時含有情態(tài)動詞do/doesdidam/is/are + doinghave/has + donewill/shall/be goingto + dowas/were + doinghad + donewould/should/begoing to + docan/may/must + doam/is/are + donewas/were + doneam/is/are +being donehave/has + been donewill/shall/be going to+be donewas/were + being donehad + been donewould/should/be goingto + be donecan/may/must + bedoneWe clean the classroom.He made the kite.She is watering flowers.Jim has finished the work.They will plant treestomorrow.She was writing a letterthis time yesterday.Jim had finished thework.He said he would make akite.I can find him.The classroom is cleaned byus.The kite was made by him.Flowers are being wateredby her.The work has been finishedby Jim.Trees will be planted bythem tomorrow.A letter was being writtenby her this time yesterday.The work had been finishedby Jim.He said a kite would bemade by him.He can be found by me.二、被動語態(tài)的用法在被動語態(tài)中,主語是動作的承受者,主要用于下列幾種情況:1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如:This watch is made in China.2. 沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如:More trees must be planted every year.3. 需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主語不是人。如:Many houses were washed away by the flood.??键c清單二主動魚臺和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換一、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1. 要將主動句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z,若主動句中的賓語時人稱代詞,要將賓語變成主語。2. 把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語,主格代詞變成賓格代詞,并由 by 引導。3. 謂語動詞變成相應的被動形式。主語語態(tài):動作執(zhí)行者 + 謂語動詞主動形式 + 動作承受者學習好資料歡迎下載被動語態(tài):動作承受者 + 謂語動詞被動形式 + 動作執(zhí)行者如:We asked him to sing an English song. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))He was asked to sing an English song by us.二、帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)謂語動詞帶雙賓語時,既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語,也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語,則保留直接賓語;若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語則保留間接賓語,且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to 或 for。如:She gave me a book. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Iwas given a book by her. (間接賓語 me 改為了主語)A book was given to me by her. (直接賓語 a book 改為了主語)三、動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)許多由不及物動詞和介詞、副詞構成的動詞短語相當于及物動詞,可以有賓語,也可以有被動語態(tài)。但是動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不可丟掉構成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。如:We should speak to old men politely. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Old men should be spoken to politely. (to 不可省略)四、帶復合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)賓語加上賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。變被動語態(tài)時,只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,賓語補足語保留在原處,成為主語補足語。如:I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.五、變被動語態(tài)后動詞形式的選擇主動句中在感官動詞 see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等,及使役動詞 let, make, have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r,應加上不定式符號 to。如:He makes the girl stay at home. (變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài))The girl is made to stay at home by him.易混點清單一、主動結(jié)構表被動意義1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。This kind of shirt sells well here. 這種樣式的襯衫在這賣得很好。2. look, sound, taste, smell 等系動詞用主動結(jié)構表被動意義。如:Uniforms look ugly on us. 我們穿著制服很難看。Moon cakes taste delicious. 月餅嘗起來很好吃。3. be worth doing 用主動表被動意義。如:This book is worth reading. 這本書值得讀一讀。4. “want/need/require + doing”相當于“want/need/require + to be done”。to be done 表示不定式的被動結(jié)構。如:My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要修理。二、不用被動語態(tài)的情況1. 主動句的賓語時 each other 或反身代詞時,不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主動語態(tài))那個人自我介紹說他是懷特先生。Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(誤)They help each other study English.(主動語態(tài))他們互相幫助學習英語。Each other is helped study English. (誤)ll2. 當主動句的謂語動詞是表狀態(tài)的及物動詞時,不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:We have a meeting. (主動語態(tài))我們將要開一個會。A meeting will be had by us. (誤)3. 主動句的賓語時不定式或動名詞時,不能用作被動語態(tài)中的主語。如:學習好資料歡迎下載My brother enjoys watching TV.(主動語態(tài))我弟弟喜歡看電視。Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother. (誤)He asked to have a try. (主動語態(tài))他請求試一試。To have a try was asked. (誤)三、被動語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構的區(qū)別1. 被動語態(tài)表示以主語為動作的承受者,而系表結(jié)構則表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。如:The shop is closed at 9:00 p.m. (動作)這家商店晚上 9 點鐘關門。The shop is closed today. 這家商店今天不開門。2. 系表結(jié)構中的過去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配,被動語態(tài)結(jié)構中則沒有。如:Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表結(jié)構)王老師對我們很滿意。3. 系表結(jié)構中的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。如:sSheso worried about her exams. (系表結(jié)構)她非常擔心她的考試。4. 系表結(jié)構通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,而被動語態(tài)結(jié)構則可用于多種時態(tài)。題組訓練根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 This kind of pants _ well. 這種褲子賣得好。 That story _ interesting. 那個故事聽起來有趣。 That novel is worth _. 那本小說值得讀一讀。 My watch needs _. 我的手表需要修理。 This shop is _ at 8:00 in the morning. 這家商店早上 8 點開門。