表語從句表語從句

表語從句 一定義： 表語從句就是在句中作表語的從句。The problem is when we can get a pay rise.二 連接表語從句的連接詞有：1.從屬連詞 that和whether【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句,that和whether在表語從句中不作任何成分，that無具體意義，whether有“是否”的意義。The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事實是他沒有做真正的努力。The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建議是我們應該告訴他。His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是這個制度能起作用。My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意見是我們馬上就開始做準備工作。The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看。2.who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosrever,whatever,whichever等連接代詞引導You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我過去所想像的人。The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is who (m) we should trust. 問題是我們應當相信誰。What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。Thats what I want to stress. 這是我想強調(diào)的。Thats what we are here for. 我們來這里就為了這個。3. 由連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等引導The problem is how we can find him. 問題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?。That was when I was fifteen. 這是我15歲時發(fā)生的事。Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。Thats why he didnt come. 這就是他沒有來的緣故。Thats why I object to the plan. 這就是我反對這個計劃的原因。Thats where you are wrong. 這就是你不對的地方。He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的他了4 其他連接詞，如as if ,as though, as, like, because等It isnt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你離開不回來了。Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 現(xiàn)在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我們家里窮。It is because I love you too much. 那是因為我太愛你了。Thats because you cant appreciate music. 這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。It's because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 這是因為我在上課中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。【注意】because 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的since, as, for等也不用于引導表語從句。從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句，但as if卻可引導表語從句，能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be，seem，look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。三 注意：A 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D that在表語從句中不可以省掉。Ereason作主語時的表語從句中的連接詞要用that而不用why或because.The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drunk. (這么嚴重的交通事故完全是由于司機太粗心，喝酒太多而造成的)F.表語從句中的虛擬語氣。當主句的主語是advice ,suggestion ,order, request, requirement 等名詞時，表語從句的謂語常用虛擬語氣，即謂語一律用“(should+)動詞原形。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside. (我的建議就是我們應該討論一下這個問題，而不是把它放在一邊) 四表語從句的基本用法 1be+表語從句。2其他連系動詞（stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem ，go, look , sound, taste, smell, feel）+表語從句.。如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語) The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當賓語) It looks as if it is going to rain. (看來要下雨了) What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語， that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略)That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語)注意： “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語， 該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進行總結， 又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮，這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進行概括)。 That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。下面是兩個與“That is why.”形式相似的結構， 它們與“That is why.”結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚： (1)“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過從語法結構上講， “That is the reason why.”中why引導的是個定語從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結構一樣， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因為”?！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。(第一句話說明結果， 第二句話說明原因)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果)經(jīng)典考題分析:考題1 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句， 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此， 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that?？碱}2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構)， 下劃線應填入引導詞where， 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”?？碱}3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999) A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語， 下劃線應填入表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why?？碱}4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海) A. What; why B. That ; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處表示“因此”(指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導對應的名詞性從句)， 應填入引導詞why。考題5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由， 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句?？碱}6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春)A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應， 充當表語從句。基礎練習:：I.用適當?shù)脑~填空:1He was late for school. That was _he got up late2The reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3. China isnt _ she used to be4. The question is _ you didnt do that in time. 答案:because ，that ，what ，that項選擇:1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether 6. The reason is _I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that  B. like C. as    D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because 10. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12. That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. whythat/what的區(qū)別1_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are2. The trouble is _ we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ . A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be 5. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such鞏固練習1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is that_ you had a few days off？（NMET1999）A. why B .what C. when D. where 2 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. （1998 上海）A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. （06 全國）A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?(2003北京春) -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（2004湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案 DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的區(qū)別 DBAAAC高考練習ABDAA