重點(diǎn)單詞(必修 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world)(講義)

重點(diǎn)單詞(必修3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world )(講義)° 口 | 重點(diǎn)單詞(必修 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world)1. 學(xué)習(xí)單詞，注意重點(diǎn)單詞的用法并靈活運(yùn) 用這些單詞。2. 掌握remind的不同含義和用法。重點(diǎn)：trick, gain, award, admire, apologize, remind難點(diǎn)：remind的不同含義和用法。一、重點(diǎn)單詞【單詞學(xué)習(xí)】1. trick n.詭計(jì)；惡作??；訣竅 vt欺 騙；詐騙play a trick / tricks on sb.捉弄某人have a trick of doing sth.有做某事的習(xí)慣 trick sb. out of sth.騙取某人某物 trick sb. into doing sth.哄騙某人做某事 Don' take it seriously; she just wants to play a trick on you.別太當(dāng)真，她只是想跟你開個(gè)玩笑。The clever salesman was able to trick the old lady out of her money.這精明的推銷員要騙取這位老太太的錢財(cái)。He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was rich.他裝作很有錢的樣子，從而騙得她和他結(jié)了 婚。She has a trick of raising her eyebrows at the end of a question.她有一個(gè)習(xí)慣，在提問結(jié)束時(shí)總要揚(yáng)起眉毛?！白脚?嘲笑某人”的表達(dá)方式有:have / play a joke / jokes on / upon sb. make fun of sb.make a fool of sb.laugh at sb.She is always serious, so you should not her.A. play a trick on B. make fool withC. make fun onD. play a joke of答案：A思路分析：句意：她總是很嚴(yán)肅，因此不要 和她開玩笑。選項(xiàng)A固定搭配“捉弄；開玩笑” 符合題意。B選項(xiàng)正確搭配應(yīng)該是make fool of sb“愚弄某人” C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是make fun of sb."取笑某人” D選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是play a joke on sb.“開某人的玩笑”。2. gainvt.獲得；得到；增加n. U獲利;利益gain sth. from / by 從中受益gain others respect / love / trust 獲得別人 的尊敬/愛戴/信任gain weight=put on weight gain experience / support / a reputation獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)/支持/聲譽(yù)（脫離）gain independence (from.)獲得獨(dú)立No pain, no gain.不勞則無獲。You will gain experience if nothing more in that job.如果這個(gè)工作沒什么突出的，你至少可以獲 得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Her talent and hard work gained her success as an artist.她作為一名藝術(shù)家，靠其天資和勤奮獲得了 成功。Many countries have gained national independence after prolonged struggles.許多國家經(jīng)過長期斗爭而獲得了民族獨(dú)立。The man gained a lot in the business, but he lost the respect of his friends.那個(gè)人做這買賣賺了很多錢，但他卻失去了 朋友們對他的尊敬。gain指經(jīng)過很大努力而“獲得”所得的東 西常具有一定的價(jià) 值。Our firm has gained a good reputation. 我們公司贏得了一 個(gè)好名聲。win主要指在競爭、比賽 或辯論中擊敗對手 而贏得勝利。By her hard work she won a place for herself in the school team.經(jīng)過努力奮斗，她為 自己在校隊(duì)里贏得 一席之地。get可指主動(dòng)爭取，也可He did not get what指被動(dòng)接受;有時(shí)指 不一定努力就能“得 到”he had earned.他未獲得他應(yīng)得到earn指通過努力而得到 的報(bào)酬，意為“賺 得”acquireobtain指通過漫長的過程 而逐漸獲得，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過程”意為“獲 得；取得”較正式用詞，著重通 過巨大努力、 要求而得到所需或盼望已久的東西。attain指達(dá)到重要目標(biāo)或 獲得珍貴的東西，常 用于莊重場合。的東西。He works hard, but he does not earn much money.他工作很努力，但錢 賺得不多。You must work hard to acquire good knowledge of English.你要用功， 以便精通英語。He failed to obtain a scholarship.他沒有獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。Thecountryattaineditsindependence in 1972.這個(gè)國家在1972年 獲得了獨(dú)立。Tomfriendship and experience from the local residents，working with them for three years.A. beat D. madeB. wonC. gained答案：C思路分析：句意：湯姆與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚黄鸸ぷ?了三年，贏得了他們的友誼和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。beat是“打 敗，戰(zhàn)勝”賓語是表示人名或地名的詞；win 的賓語是match, battle等表示競賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)品 的名詞；gain常指得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、利益、優(yōu)勢、好 處等，符合題意；make “制造” 獎(jiǎng)給3. award n.獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品vt.授予；判給;win the second award 獲得二等獎(jiǎng)win / receive / get an award for. 因而贏得/得到/獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)award sth. to sb.=award sb. sth.把某物頒 發(fā)給某人/判給某人award sb. for sth.因某事而獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)某人It is the highest award a producer can receive. 這是一個(gè)制作人所能獲得的最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。They awarded the winner the first prize.=They awarded the first prize to the winner.他們授予勝出者一等獎(jiǎng)。He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.他跑得最快，因而獲得了金牌。The government awarded him for saving 6 persons in the earthquake.政府獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他是因?yàn)樗谀谴蔚卣鹬芯攘?6個(gè)人。The new library has won an architectural award.新圖書館贏得了建筑獎(jiǎng)。award指官方或經(jīng)正 式研究裁決后 對有功者或競 賽優(yōu)勝者所給prizeHer book gained several literary prizes. 她寫的書獲得了好幾種 文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。He will expect some reward after working so hard.他工作很努力，將會(huì)得 到報(bào)償?shù)?。rewardMary a prize予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。后面 可接雙賓語：被 授予的人和所 授的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。 指在比賽中獲 得好成績而受 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，通常為獎(jiǎng) 杯或錢物。 指應(yīng)得的報(bào)酬。 由于某種行為 而獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，尤 指金錢等形式 的獎(jiǎng)賞。只能以 人或人的行為 作賓語，如果要 說明以何為報(bào) 酬，須加with 短語。C.The school her good work.A. rewarded; for B. awarded; to rewarded; to D. awarded; for答案：D思路分析：句意：學(xué)校因?yàn)楝旣悓W(xué)習(xí)成績優(yōu) 秀而頒發(fā)給她獎(jiǎng)品。reward “報(bào)答，酬謝”award “授予，頒發(fā)”根據(jù)題意選D。4 admirevt.贊美；欽佩;羨慕admire sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而 欽佩/羨慕admire sb. as. admire at sth. admire oneself欽佩某人是 對感到驚訝 自我欣賞We admire the old scientist for hiscontributions to the country.我們欽佩這位老科學(xué)家對國家的貢獻(xiàn)。We admired him as a mathematical genius.We admire getting the first prize in English speech competition.我們對于能在英語演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng) 感到欽佩。His friends admired at his sudden success.他的突然成功使他的朋友們驚訝。 admire可跟名詞、代詞作賓語，但不跟賓 語從句。I admire his bravery.（正）我佩服他的勇敢。 I admire him for his bravery.（正）I admire that he is so brave.（誤）admirationn.欽佩；贊賞have / express / show admiration for sb. / sth.表示羨慕/欽佩某人/某物in admiration of 對表示欽佩with / in admiration 欽佩地admirer n.贊賞者；追求者；愛慕者一What was Mary doing when you visited her?一She washerself in the mirror.A. enjoyingB. admiringC. devotingD. seeing答案：B思路分析：句意：一你去看瑪麗時(shí)她在干什 么？ 一她正在照鏡子自我欣賞呢。enjoying onese“玩得高興” admire oneself “自我欣賞” devote oneself to “致力于” see 是“看”5. apologize vt道歉；賠罪 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologize for sth. / doing sth. 為某事 / 因 做了某事而道歉apologize to sb. that.向某人道歉She apologized to her teacher for coming to school late.她因遲到向老師道歉。I felt constrained to apologize to you for what I had said.我為我所說的話非向你表示歉意不可。I must apologize that if I offended you I didn't mean to.我必須向您道歉，如果我冒犯了你，我不是 有意的。apologize不能直接跟人作賓語，須在賓語 前加介詞to。有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有：explain, announce, suggest, report, say 等。apology n.道歉；辯解accept / refuse an / one's apology 接受 / 拒 絕某人的道歉make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.（做）某事向某人道歉offer an apology 主動(dòng)道歉owe sb. an apology 應(yīng)向某人道歉She is still angry and refuses to accept my apology.她仍在生氣，并拒絕接受我的道歉。They made their apology to the hostess andleft early.他們向女主人表達(dá)了歉意，然后提前離開了。Smith apologized for toinform me of the change in the plan.A.his being not ableB him not tobe ableC. his not being ableD. him to benot able答案：C思路分析：句意為：史密斯因?yàn)闆]能通知我該計(jì)劃的變更而向我道歉。apologize （to sb.） for (one's) doing / having done sth. 是固定句式，“因（某人）做了某事而（向某人）道歉” for后要跟動(dòng)名詞，所以先排除B、D； not要放在動(dòng)名詞前，故答案選Co6. remindvt使想起；提醒remind sb. of / about sth.提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb.) that / how / what.提醒(某人)I feel it is absolutely necessary for me to remind him of the meeting today.我覺得絕對有必要提醒他今天要開會(huì)。He reminded me to lock up the house when I went out.他提醒我外出時(shí)把屋子鎖起來。She reminded me that I hadn't written toMother.她提醒我還沒有給母親寫信。These notes will remind you how to present your ideas.這些筆記可以幫你記起怎樣講清楚你的意 思。英語中常見的“v+sb.+of sth.”的短語總結(jié):inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人某物warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事 rid sb. of sth.使某人擺脫某物cure sb. of sth.治好了某人的某種疾病accuse sb. of sth. 指責(zé)/控告某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事rem ind“提醒；使 想起”指因 外界的刺激 而想起了過 去的事，側(cè) 重提醒。remind +sb. +of +sth.recall“回憶起； 使想起”側(cè) 重于有意識(shí) 的。recall+sth. +to +sb.At first I could not recall where I had left the book, but her words reminded me the place where I put it.開始我沒想起 我把書放哪兒 了，但她的話使 我想起我放書 的地方。Cindy. I _ Mike of his promise toC. warnedhelp you.A. reminded B. toldD. advised答案：A 思路分析：句意為：Cindy，我提醒了 Mike他要幫你的諾言。本題考查動(dòng)詞短語搭配。根據(jù)of的提示，先排除B； remind sb. of sth. “使某 人想起某事或提醒某人某事”符合題意;warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事；advise sb. of sth.通知/ 告知某人某事。1. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfof hisown dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind2 Martin Luther King Jr. wastheNobel Peace Prize of 1964 advocating nonviolence policy in movement for civil rights.A. awarded B. offered C. rewarded D. received3. 一What was she doing when you came in?She was the view from thewindow.A. respecting B. admiringC.gathering D. hunting4. He found it hard toan apology toothers even if he knows he is wrong.A. show B. haveC. makeD. take答案：C A B C思路分析：1.句意：邁克爾把姚明的照片 張貼在床邊是為了提醒自己要實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。 remind sb. of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”， himself與remind之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用 reminded o2. 句意：馬丁 路德金因?yàn)樵诿駲?quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)中主張采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年諾貝爾 和平獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)句意先排除B、D，reward指“給 予報(bào)酬”或“獎(jiǎng)賞” award指因成績或貢獻(xiàn)由政府或社團(tuán)給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。兩者比較，award符合題 意。3. 答句句意：她正在透過窗戶欣賞風(fēng)景。 考査詞義辨析，respect “尊敬” admire"欣賞、 羨慕” gather “聚集”，hunt “狩獵”，根據(jù)句 意選Bo4. 考查固定搭配。句意：他覺得即使知道自己錯(cuò)了，也很難給他人道歉。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該 是 make an apology to sb. “向某人道歉”