裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記 第10課

Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂(lè) What happened to the clavichord? We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.參照譯文我家有件古樂(lè)器，被稱作古鋼琴，是1681年德國(guó)造的。我們的這架古鋼琴寄存在起居室里。我們家有這件樂(lè)器已經(jīng)好久了， 是我祖父在很近年此前買的。可它近來(lái)被一種客人弄壞了，由于她用它來(lái)彈奏爵士樂(lè)。她在擊琴鍵時(shí)用力過(guò)猛，損壞了兩根琴弦。我爸爸大為吃驚，不許我們?cè)賱?dòng)它。爸爸的一種朋友正在修理這件樂(lè)器?！綨ew words and expressions】（11）1 jazz dæz n.爵士音樂(lè)2 musical 'mju:zikl a.音樂(lè)的3 instrument 'instrumnt n.樂(lè)器4 clavichord 'klævik:d n.古鋼琴5 recently 'ri:sntli ad.近來(lái)6 damage 'dæmid v.損壞7 key ki: n.琴鍵8 string stri n.(樂(lè)器的)弦9 shock k, k v.使不悅或氣憤，震驚10 allow 'lau v.容許，讓11 touch tt v.觸摸一、 單詞解說(shuō)jazz n. 爵士音樂(lè)classical music 古典音樂(lè)folk music 民族音樂(lè)country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)pop (popular) music 流行音樂(lè)jazz 爵士音樂(lè)play jazz 演奏爵士樂(lè)eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 她們?cè)噲D在鋼琴上演奏爵士音樂(lè)。rock and roll 搖滾樂(lè)rap 拉普樂(lè)（說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)）musical adj. 音樂(lè)的music Ua piece of music 一首音樂(lè)concert 'knst C 音樂(lè)會(huì)musical adj. 音樂(lè)的musician n. 音樂(lè)家a music lesson 一堂音樂(lè)課a music teacher 音樂(lè)教師a music lover 音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者a piece of music 一首音樂(lè)face the music 面對(duì)失??；面對(duì)不肯面對(duì)而又不得不面對(duì)之事（說(shuō)法：1.新演員初上舞臺(tái)非常緊張，但是音樂(lè)響起了，不得不上舞臺(tái)，必須去面對(duì)音樂(lè)，面對(duì)自己不敢面對(duì)的事情；2.新兵入伍后參與軍事檢閱，軍樂(lè)響起來(lái)了，不得不按照節(jié)拍去走，哪怕再緊張也沒(méi)有用。）a musical instrument 一件樂(lè)器a musical performance 樂(lè)器演奏a musical score sk: 樂(lè)譜musical voice 美妙的聲音instrument1) 器具，儀器torture 't:t instruments 刑具operation instruments 手術(shù)器械2) 樂(lè)器musical instrument 樂(lè)器-What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你會(huì)演奏哪種樂(lè)器呢？-I can play the guitar. 我會(huì)彈吉她。-I can play the piano. 我會(huì)彈鋼琴。-I can play the violin. 我會(huì)拉小提琴。-I can play the saxophone 'sæks,fn. 我會(huì)吹薩克斯管。instrument中的-ment是名詞后綴movement 移動(dòng)government 政府judgment 判斷argument 爭(zhēng)論，證據(jù)clavichord n. 古鋼琴recently adv. 近來(lái)地 ；lately adv. 近來(lái)地常用在目前完畢時(shí)以及過(guò)去時(shí)中eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 近來(lái)它被一位客人弄壞了。eg. They have recently bought a new car. 她們近來(lái)剛剛買了一輛新車。eg. Have you seen him recently. 近來(lái)你見(jiàn)過(guò)她嗎?recent adj. 近來(lái)的，最新的eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在近來(lái)幾年有很大的變化。eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 這張照片看起來(lái)很新是近來(lái)照的。more recent; most recentdamage v. 損壞spoil v. 損壞，慣壞，寵壞damage v. 部分損壞destroy v. 毀壞，徹底損壞spoil1) 破壞eg. The rain spoiled our excursioniks'k:n. 雨破壞了我們的遠(yuǎn)足籌劃。2) 腐爛eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 魚在很熱的房間里已經(jīng)腐爛了。3) 寵愛(ài)eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。damage n. U C1) 損失 Ua lot of damage 大量損失damage to sth 對(duì)的損失damage to the car 對(duì)車輛導(dǎo)致的損失damage to crops 對(duì)莊稼導(dǎo)致的損失damage to one's reputation 對(duì)某人名聲導(dǎo)致的損失2) damages 補(bǔ)償 Cv. 損壞1) 部分損壞break 打斷cut 剪，砍，割crush kr 壓壞，搗壞tear 撕stain stein 弄臟都涉及在damage 范疇之內(nèi)2) 損害eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸煙有害于你的健康。to damage relations between two countries 損害兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系to damage one's careerk'ri 損壞某人的職業(yè)damage one's good name 損害某人的好名聲destroy v. 毀壞，粉碎（但愿，籌劃等）eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火消滅了整個(gè)森林。eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal ri'fju:zl.我所有的但愿被她的一封回絕信消滅了。key n.1) 琴鍵eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她過(guò)度用力敲擊琴鍵。or: She hit the keys too hard.2) 鑰匙the key to the door 這個(gè)門的鑰匙the answer to the question 這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案the entrance to the hall 這個(gè)大廳的入口the train to London 開(kāi)往倫敦的火車to表由此及彼的方向性adj. 核心的，重要的key structures 核心句型eg. Who is the key person in this class？誰(shuí)是這個(gè)班里的核心人物？Every student. 人人都是。a key question 一種核心問(wèn)題string n. （樂(lè)器的）弦1)細(xì)繩（比 cord 細(xì)，比thread粗）a piece of string 一條繩子a ball of string 一卷繩子2) （附在衣服等之上的）帶子apron'eiprn strings 圍裙帶3) 弦樂(lè)器the strings弦樂(lè)器violin 小提琴mandolin ,mænd'ln, 'mændln n.曼陀林(一種琵琶類樂(lè)器)cello 'tel 大提琴harp 豎琴viola v'l 中提琴guitar i't: 吉她contrabass 'kntr'beis 低音弦樂(lè)器都是弦樂(lè)器clavichord 古鋼琴piano 鋼琴organ ':n 風(fēng)琴harpsichord 'h:ps,k:d 大鍵琴都稱為instrumentwoodwind 'wdwnd木管樂(lè)器brass 銅管樂(lè)器percussion p'kn 打擊樂(lè)器4) 一串.，一系列a string of necklace 一串項(xiàng)鏈a string of pearls 一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列的來(lái)訪者a string of wins 一系列的勝利tied to one's wife's apron strings （深受）妻子影響及控制harp on one's string 舊調(diào)重彈，老事重提have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人shock v.使.不悅或氣憤，震驚shocking adj.令人震驚的shocked adj.感到震驚的be surprised 對(duì)感到驚訝（中性）be shocked 震驚（貶）be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了be surprised at/by sth 對(duì).感到吃驚be shocked at/by sth 對(duì)感到震怒/震驚be astonished at/by sth 對(duì).感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise為例eg. Mary's birthday is coming. I'll give her a surprise.瑪麗的生日就要到了，我要給她一種驚奇。a surprise party 一種意外約會(huì)to one's surprise 令某人吃驚的是allow 'lau v. 容許，讓（非正式用語(yǔ)）permit p'mit v.容許，讓（法律條文規(guī)定，正式用語(yǔ)）permit 'pmit n. 通行證1) allow doing.容許做eg. We don't allow smoking. 我們不容許吸煙。2) allow sb to do sth 容許某人做某事eg. My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.我那個(gè)吝嗇的老板不容許我使用電話。allow yourself to make mistakes 不要對(duì)自己太嚴(yán)格，要容許自己出錯(cuò)誤。3) 授與人.eg. He allows his son too much money. 她給兒子太多的錢。allowance 'launs n. 津貼；補(bǔ)貼；零用錢(Am.)eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付鈔票打9.5折make allowances for 考慮到touch v. 觸摸touch-me-not 鳳仙花forget-me-not 勿忘我eg. Don't touch me. 別碰我。eg. Don't touch that dish. It's very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很燙。vi.摸起來(lái) （可以跟形容詞）類似的詞有：sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái)taste 嘗起來(lái)look 看起來(lái)The desk touches smooth. 這桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。The fish smells good. 這魚聞起來(lái)較好。The story sounds interesting. 這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人感愛(ài)好。touched/moved/excited 感動(dòng)的（主語(yǔ)多是人）touching/moving/exciting 令人感動(dòng)的（主語(yǔ)多是物）touch stone 試金石a near touch 千鈞一發(fā)in touch 保持聯(lián)系out of touch 失去聯(lián)系 二、核心句型Key Structures被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)l、構(gòu)成：由系動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)：例：People make history. 人民發(fā)明歷史。History is made by the people. 歷史被人民發(fā)明。注意：過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞的不規(guī)則變化例: They completed the building last year.她們?nèi)ツ杲ㄍ赀@幢大樓。When was the building completed?這幢樓什么時(shí)候被建成的？例： They won' t allow you to take so much luggage with you.她們不會(huì)容許你隨身帶這樣多行李的。You won't be allowed to take so much luggage with you.你不會(huì)被容許隨身帶這樣多行李的。目邁進(jìn)行時(shí)：例： They are building a new railway.她們正在建造一條新鐵路。A new railway is being built. 一條新的鐵路正在被修建。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：例：They were widening the roads. 她們正在拓寬?cǎi)R路。The roads were being widened. 馬路正在被拓寬。目前完畢時(shí)：例: They have redesigned the aircraft.她們已經(jīng)重新設(shè)計(jì)了飛機(jī)。The aircraft has been redesigned. 飛機(jī)被重新設(shè)計(jì)了。過(guò)去完畢時(shí)：例: The factory had reduced production costs.工廠已經(jīng)減少了生產(chǎn)成本。Production costs had been greatly reduced.生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)被減少。2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與積極語(yǔ)態(tài)的辨別積極：施動(dòng)者+謂語(yǔ)+受動(dòng)者被動(dòng)：受動(dòng)者十be+v。過(guò)去分詞十（by+施動(dòng)者）一般而言，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)施動(dòng)者無(wú)需說(shuō)出，由于這種句式強(qiáng)調(diào)的是受動(dòng)者。例: Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942.戰(zhàn)俘在1942年修建這座橋The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war).Exercisel) We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord.我們有一種古樂(lè)器，我們把它叫做古鋼琴。We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.我們有件古樂(lè)器，它被叫做古鋼琴2) Someone made the machine in Germany in 1681.人于1681在德國(guó)制作了這架機(jī)器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.有人于1681在德國(guó)制作了這架機(jī)器。The machine was made (by someone) in Germany in 1681.3) a student-composed song 由學(xué)生所作曲的一首歌4) Everybody respected them at that time.那個(gè)時(shí)候每個(gè)人都很尊重她們。They were respected by everybody at that time.那時(shí)她們被每個(gè)人尊重。三、課文解說(shuō)TextWe have an old musical instrument.have 有，擁有eg. I have many friends.當(dāng)"有，擁有"講時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)have 是一種很活潑的詞，有諸多的意思have breakfasthave a fever 發(fā)熱have a good time 玩得開(kāi)心have a headache 頭疼have a running nose 流鼻涕have a swollen'swln face 臉浮腫have sth done 由別人做某事have something to do with 與有關(guān)系have nothing to do with 與沒(méi)有關(guān)系have anything to do with 與有任何關(guān)系have to do sth 不得不做某事It is called a clavichord.變?yōu)榉e極語(yǔ)態(tài)為：We call it a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.be made in + 地點(diǎn) 表達(dá)產(chǎn)地be made in + 時(shí)間 表達(dá)制作于某時(shí)be made of (a material) 用某種材料制作表達(dá)仍能看出原材料eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 這把茶壺是銀制的。eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某種或某些材料制成表達(dá)已經(jīng)看不出原材料eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。eg. This sweater is made from wool. 這件毛衣是羊毛制成的。be made by sb 被.制造eg. This cake was made by my sister. 這只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。be made for 為.做的eg. This cake was made for you. 這只蛋糕是為你制作的。Our clavichord is kept in the living room.living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime )sitting room (Br.) = living roomOur clavichord is kept in the living room轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極語(yǔ)態(tài):We keep our clavichord in the living room.We keep our clavichord in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time.belong to 屬于（無(wú)被動(dòng)）類似的詞尚有:happen 發(fā)生take place 發(fā)生have 有The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極語(yǔ)態(tài)：My grandfather bought it many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.積極態(tài)為：Recently a visitor damaged it.She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. too 太，過(guò)多（貶）eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奮了。break-broke-brokenbreak vt.eg. She broke two strings. 她弄斷兩根琴弦。eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差點(diǎn)摔斷脖子。broken adj. 斷了的，破了的eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。Eg. The book is broken. 這書太破了。eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦斷了。My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it.to touch it是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)積極態(tài)為：Now my my father does not allow us to touch it.to touch it是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.積極態(tài)為：a friend of my father's is repairing it.a friend of my father's （雙重所有格）還可替代成：one of my father's friends我爸爸的一種朋友eg. Tom lent me one of his books.湯姆借我一本書or: Tom lent me a book of his.湯姆借給我一本書eg. He is one of my friends.她是我的一種朋友or: He is a friend of mine.Special Difficulties-makebe made in 表達(dá)制造于某地或某時(shí)be made of 表達(dá)能看出原材料be made from 表達(dá)看不出原材料made by sb 表達(dá)是誰(shuí)制造的made for 為了誰(shuí)而制造1) Is your watch made of gold?2) These knives were made in Sheffield 'efi:ld 設(shè)菲爾德(英國(guó)英格蘭北部都市)?3) This cake was made from sugar, flour, butter and egg.雙重所有格替代練習(xí)：eg. a friend of my father'sor: one of my father's friends我爸爸的一種朋友。1) He borrowed one of my records.她借了我的一本磁帶。He borrowed a record of mine.2) She showed me one of John's pictures.她給我看強(qiáng)尼的一張照片。She showed me a picture of John's.3) It was one of her ideas.這是她的一種主意。It was an idea of hers.4) One of your letters was found on my desk.你的一封信在我桌子上被找到了。A letter of yours was found on my desk.5) Some of their friends came to see me.她們的某些朋友來(lái)看我。Some friends of theirs came to see me.四、練習(xí) Exercisesl) We are not allowed to touch it. We _ touch it.我們不被容許碰它。A mustnt B mustnt to C haven t to D don t have to分析：B千萬(wàn)不要，背面只能加動(dòng)詞原形；C不合乎語(yǔ)法；D合乎語(yǔ)法，但意思上不合乎題意：A不要做某事，干萬(wàn)不要做某平，合乎語(yǔ)法，含義也對(duì)的：答案是：A2) The visitor damaged it She _ it.客人弄壞了它，她弄壞了它A hurt B pained C broke D destroyed分析：A傷害，使傷心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指對(duì)身體某一部位的傷害；B是疼痛，使痛苦；D毀壞，摧毀建筑物等；C打碎，損壞。答案是：C3) Recently it was damaged. She damaged it_近來(lái)它被弄壞了，她弄壞了它。A late B lastly C lately D finally分析：A遲，晚； B最后； D最后，最后； C近來(lái)。答案是：C4) You have to pass the professional examinations to be _ to the society.你不得不通過(guò)社會(huì)所承認(rèn)職業(yè)考試A allowed B permitted C admitted D submitted分析：A容許； B許可，容許，準(zhǔn)許； C承認(rèn)；D服從，順從，提交，遞交。答案是：C五、復(fù)習(xí)Review1. Key Structure:一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Was/were十 v. ed例: This bridge was built in 1942.The bridge was built in 1942. 這座橋在1942年被修建了。Main points:Music 音樂(lè) classical music 古典音樂(lè)Folk music 民族音樂(lè) country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)Pop(popular) music流行音樂(lè) key to the door門的鑰匙Key structure 核心句型E surprised at對(duì)感到驚訝（中性）Be shocked at 對(duì)感到震驚（貶）Be astonished 對(duì)感到目瞪口呆，傻了Be surprised at/by sth 對(duì)感到震驚Be shocked be astonished 對(duì)感到震驚Be astonished be astonished 對(duì)感到目瞪口呆Touch V. 觸摸Touch smooth 摸起來(lái)很光滑You think too hard 你想的太多了Be broken 被弄斷了，被弄折了Be made in 十地點(diǎn)表達(dá)產(chǎn)地+時(shí)間表達(dá)制作于某時(shí)Be made of 由什么做成（表達(dá)仍能看出原材料料）Be made from 表達(dá)已經(jīng)看不出原材料Be made by sb 被所制造的A friend of mine 我的一種朋友One of my friends 我的一種朋友六、補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容量詞l)a layer of 層例: He wrapped each component on several layers ofof foam rubber.每個(gè)部件她都用幾層泡沫橡膠包了起來(lái)。2)a lot of許多例: A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night.昨天晚上蘇格蘭下了許多雨。用法可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞