新視野大學英語(第三版)視聽說教程2 聽力原文

Unit 1 Life is a learning curve Listening to the world Sharing Scripts H = Hina; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 H: I have a full-time job but I like learning new things in my spare time. At the moment, Im studying Spanish. Im enjoying it but Im finding it quite difficult. Today were asking people about learning new things. Part 2 W1: Im learning to speak another language, actually. Im learning French. Im also learning, er, to drive. W2: Im learning to play golf at the moment. Um, my husband and my son play golf, and when we go on holiday, I feel that I want to be able to play with them. W3: Im learning to speak Spanish. W4: I am learning Arabic. M1: Well, Ive been learning to play the guitar for about 50 years now. And its a constant process, so still learning bits, yes. W5: Im learning yoga at the moment, and Im finding it quite hard. M2: The courses Im taking are, are training courses for leadership, er, negotiation, (and) evaluation. M3: Im learning Swahili. W6: At the moment, Im learning to paint and draw in evening classes for adults. W7: Im studying part-time after work. M4: Ive er, just learned how to er, do a lot of kayaking. W8: I am learning how to design a website at the moment. W9: Im in a choir so singing, I guess, is pretty much the only thing Im doing at the moment. M5: At the moment, Im taking up a new instrument. Its a traditional instrument from Zimbabwe, and its called the mbira. Er, let me show you. Part 3 H: Whats the most difficult thing youve ever learned? M5: Patience, I think. W4: Arabic. M2: Courage. W3: Learning a language is particularly difficult for myself (me), so probably learning the Spanish. W6: The most difficult thing I have ever learned is Mandarin Chinese. I did it in evening classes a few years ago and I found it really, really difficult. W5: Probably capoeira, which is a Brazilian dance, martial art, fight thing. Its a combination of all of these things. And yes, that was very difficult because there were lots of unusual body movements to learn. W1: Learning to drive was the most difficult thing. M3: Well, I learned some Sanskrit, and thats got um, nine cases, two more than Latin. Its quite difficult by most standards. M4: I think I found French very hard at school. W2: Um, I learned to play the trumpet at school. That was pretty difficult. Er . and maybe learning to drive. I hated learning to drive. Listening Scripts P = presenter; S = Sally P: Hi. Youre listening to Ask the Expert and in todays program were talking about languages and how to learn a language. Our expert today is Sally Parker, who is a teacher. Hi Sally. S: Hello. P: Sally, our first question today is from Andy. He says, “Ive just started learning English. My problem is that Im too frightened to speak. My grammar is not very good, so Im worried about saying the wrong thing.” Have you got any advice for Andy? S: OK. Well, the first thing is I think Andy should practice speaking to himself. P: Speaking to himself? Im not sure thats a good idea. S: I know it sounds silly, but talking to yourself in a foreign language is a really good way to practice. You dont have to feel embarrassed, because nobody can hear you. You can talk to yourself about anything you like what you had for breakfast, where youre going for the weekend anything. And the more you do it, the more you will get used to hearing your own voice and your pronunciation, so you wont feel so frightened in the classroom. Andy should try it. P: Hm, I suppose so. Anything else? What about his grammar? S: He has only just started learning English, so he is going to make lots of mistakes, but thats not a problem. Thats how hell learn. Andy shouldnt worry about making mistakes. P: Youre right. So Andy, try talking to yourself, and dont worry about making mistakes. Our next problem comes from Olivia in Brazil. She is worried about pronunciation. She says, “The problem is I cant understand native speakers. They speak so fast and I cant understand their pronunciation.” So Sally, any ideas for Olivia? S: Well, first of all its a good idea for her to practice her listening skills. She should listen to English as much as possible to get used to how it sounds. Listen to the news, listen to podcasts, (and) watch English television. P: OK thats a good idea. S: And another thing she should do is to focus on listening and reading at the same time. If you listen to something on the Internet, you can often read the transcript. If you listen and read at the same time, itll help you see what the words sound like and how the words sound when a native speaker is talking. P: Great. Thank you, Sally. Well, huh, Im afraid thats all we have time for today, but next week well be Viewing Scripts N = Narrator; I = Ian Deary; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. N: Recent research into the history of IQ tests in Scotland suggests your IQ score might predict, to an extent at least, your health and even your life expectancy. W1: You have 45 minutes to do the test, OK? M1: OK. N: Bill and Davina are 79 years old. This is the second time theyve done this test. The first time was in 1932, when every 11-year-old in Scotland was put through an intelligence test. Its the only time this kind of mass testing has ever been done in the UK. The results were rediscovered recently in an Edinburgh basement. If you want to know how our intelligence changes as we get older, these results are a potential goldmine. I: We brought hundreds of people back and we got them to sit the exact same test that they had sat when they were aged 11. Now, these people are now 79 or 80 years old. We gave the same instructions. We gave the same test. And we gave the same time limit. M2: It was a little stickier than I thought it would be. M3: I walked through it quite happily, quite honestly. W2: I felt I must have been very bright at 11 if I sat that exam and passed. N: There were some intriguing results. Almost everyone had a better score at 80 than they did at 11. But some had gone from being just averagely intelligent to a much higher level. I: Now, thats what really drives our research. Were interested in: Why have those people whove gone (people gone) from IQ 100, at age 11, up to 110 or 120? What have they done right? What can be the recipe for successful aging? Were finding that the person with more education, even though they had the same IQ in childhood, is doing slightly better in old age, on average. The person who had a more professional job, in old age, is doing slightly better on average than the person who had a manual job, despite the fact that they started at the same level. The people who smoked have got slightly less good mental ability than you would expect. N: Whats even more remarkable is that the kids who had higher IQ scores at 11 are the very ones still alive today. So it seems high IQ in childhood is good for survival. Speaking for communication Role-play Scripts A: Ah, OK, so we need to think of the best ideas for taking tests. B: Yep. A: Er, well, how about this one? Its a good idea to study with friends at the same time each day. B: Mm, in my opinion, this is a really good idea. You can make it a regular part of your daily life. A: You mean like having breakfast at the same time, lunch at the same time, studying at the same time. B: Yes. And also I think it helps when you study with friends. A: Yeah, I, I think its more motivating. B: And you can actually talk to someone, not just look at books. I find that if Im only reading my notes its easy to lose concentration. I start thinking about other things. But when you are talking to someone, it really helps you concentrate. So, yes, I agree with this one. A: OK. Another idea is not to eat too much before the exam. B: Oh, really? A: Mm, when I eat a lot, I get sleepy. B: Oh, I see. I think it depends. Because if you dont eat enough, you start to feel hungry in the middle of the exam. A: Mm, thats true. B: And then you cant concentrate. A: Yeah, thats true. B: So, Im not sure about this advice, for me. As I said, I think it depends. I always try to eat a good meal before an exam. Im so nervous that I never get sleepy. A: Hm. OK. What other ideas do you have? B: Well, theres one thing I always do before an exam. A: Whats that? B: I go to bed early the night before. A: Right. B: I always try to sleep for eight hours the night before the exam. Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts Conversation 1 W: It is the third time my paper has been rejected by journals because of language problems. M: You know, there is a writing center on campus. I had never got a grade better than C for any of my term papers before they helped me out. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? Conversation 2 M: You said you would choose Spanish as your second foreign language. Why did you finally choose French instead? W: My grandfather speaks fluent French and he says that French is a language that any truly cultured person must know. Q: Why does the woman choose to learn French? Conversation 3 W: You seem to have no problem understanding native speakers now. How about Dr. Browns speech last night? M: Excellent. But it was still too fast for me to follow, especially when Dr. Brown talked about those abstract theories. Q: What did the man do last night? Conversation 4 M: It seems to me that Melissa is in a bad mood today. Whats wrong with her? W: Melissa forgot to bring her identification card yesterday and she was not allowed to enter the contest. You know she had prepared for the contest for months. Q: What made Melissa unhappy? Conversation 5 W: I think my time at school is wasted because it is just studying books and doing tests. M: But you also learn new ideas and new ways of thinking. And more importantly you meet people and develop your understanding of people at school. Q: What does the man think of the womans opinion? Long conversation Scripts M: Miranda, lets speak about your performance in class. Youre not participating; youre careless with your assignments and often hand them in late. You dont want to be here, do you? W: Im sorry Dr. Smith. Its just Ive got lots of things to do. Im studying Web design and Im a first-class player on our golf team. Its hard to see why I need to take a Spanish language class! M: Well, Im sorry you feel that way, but learning another language can improve your performance in all of your efforts. And it can be very useful sometimes, for instance, when you visit your father in Mexico. W: Gosh! What do you mean, professor? Just because my father does business in Mexico Im supposed to learn Spanish on top of everything else I have to learn? Its just too much! And if I dont spend enough time on the golf course, I wont remain a first-class player on the golf team. I still dont see why I should learn a language thats so hard for me. There are no verb tenses on the golf course or in Web design! M: Listen Miranda, Ive known your father since we were students at university 20 years ago and have known you since you were a little girl. Of course, there are no verb tenses in golf or Web design. But I am giving you good advice. Please listen. W: Yes, of course, youre like my favorite uncle. M: Your brain isnt like a cup that has water flowing over its edge when it is full. Instead, its like a muscle. Learning Spanish exercises your brain in new ways, making it stronger. It will strengthen your critical thinking skills and creativity. W: Really?! Then I guess I can give it a try. Passage 1 Scripts I began learning Spanish when I was in high school, using a traditional academic method of studying verbs, sentence structures, and grammar by using textbooks and not much else. I found it very easy to learn, but was frustrated with the slow pace and repetitive nature of all my Spanish classes. So I worked extra hard in my spare time and asked my teacher if I could skip a level by the end of the semester. This was unsuccessful, however, because the school was not willing to test me or otherwise prove that I could be successful in the top level after skipping a level. This made things even more frustrating, as then I was stuck in a class where I already knew the material! Then I went on to college where I then used the language extensively both in and out of the classroom. I studied Spanish literature, culture, and linguistics and very much enjoyed the cultural and linguistic elements, but found the in-depth study of literature a very unbalanced way to study Spanish. I got a lot out of using my Spanish outside of the classroom, including a trip to Mexico with a church group, where I found myself acting as an interpreter. It was certainly challenging, but it was also a lot of fun. I then also volunteered to be an interpreter in the community schools and also used my Spanish to teach English to some Spanish speakers. This is probably where I learned the most! Q1: What do we know about the speakers Spanish learning experience in high school? Q2: What made the speaker feel frustrated while leaning Spanish in high school? Q3: What did the speaker say about her study of Spanish literature in college? Q4: Which experience benefited the speaker most in terms of her use of Spanish? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Have you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries to provide their children with a learning environment as an 1) alternative to public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite 2) numerous reasons for homeschooling their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the 3) traditional school environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the 4) academic instruction at public and private schools. Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated 5) countryside or living briefly abroad. Also many young 6) athletes and actors are taught at home. Homeschoolers often 7) take advantage of educational opportunities at museums, libraries, community centers, athletic clubs, after-school programs, churches, parks, and other community resources. 8) Secondary school level students may take classes at community colleges, which typically have open admission policies. Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and provide a classroom environment. These are family- centered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources 9) in a collective effort to broaden the scope of their childrens education. They provide a classroom environment where students can do hands-on and group learning such as performing, science experiments, art projects, foreign language study, spelling contests, discussions, etc. Parents whose children take the classes 10) serve as volunteers to keep costs low and make the program a success. Unit 2 Journey into the unknown Listening to the world Sharing Scripts F = Finn; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 F: Ive spent a lot of time living in different countries so there isnt one place I think of as home. Ive lived in Scotland and Poland and China. I love going to new places and learning about new cultures. Today, Im asking people about travel. Part 2 W1: I love travel. Its one of my passions. M1: Well, I enjoy it a lot. I have traveled to India several times. I lived there, and Ive lived here, and Ive been to Istanbul once and I enjoyed that very much. W2: Ive done quite a bit of traveling on holidays and stuff. I think its good, good experience. W3: You get to meet different people coming from different backgrounds, and thats really important to get an understanding. M2: Its always just nice to get out and experience a different culture and different lifestyle. W4: I get very excited about the thought of going to most countries, any country. W5: I love to travel to different countries. M3: Absolutely love traveling. Ive been traveling for about two and a half years solid now. W6: Ive been to Turkey. Ive been to Egypt. Ive been to Malta. M4: I work as an expedition leader and so I actually operate in different countries around the world, many places outside the United Kingdom. Part 3 F: What do you like about traveling? M3: I think you mature a lot when you travel. You, er, you learn oh, just completely different experiences to what youre used to at home. W6: I like the airport experience. I love that. M5: I like the arrival more than the traveling. W5: To see art especially. We love to see theater in other countries. M4: You see some, some of the most beautiful scenery around the world which you wouldnt experience in other countries. M2: I just really like getting out there and experiencing a different culture, getting far away from, you know, what were used to in Australia, and meeting new people. W4: The anticipation of being in a new place, of seeing very different things, er, of hearing a different language, (and) of eating different food. Everything that travel has to offer. Part 4 F: What dont you like? W6: I dont like long flights. W3: I suppose plane journeys arent always the most exciting of things. W1: Flying. I dont particularly like flying, but its a necessity when you live in Ireland, you know. M2: I suppose the biggest problem I have with traveling is living out of a suitcase. W4: In all honesty, I actually see the whole travel as an adventure in itself. So, er, when, when I was backpacking, and we all we ran out of money, or we were in dangerous situations, I actually quite enjoyed that. M4: You spend a lot of time outside the United Kingdom, and the disadvantage of that is, that you, you tend to miss families and friends. I miss out on normal things in life, so Ive been outside the United Kingdom for two thirds of the year. Id say thats the main disadvantage. W5: The hardest thing for me is that I am handicapped. And so sometimes getting around, especially very old cities, is very difficult. M5: My wifes usually late for getting to the airport. It wasnt until I, I got married I actually started missing flights. Listening Scripts One place that I think everyone should have the chance to see is Venice. But the problem is that this beautiful and charming city is slowly sinking. Ever since the 14th century engineers have tried to work out a way to stop the floods in Venice, but so far nobody has managed. Sometimes there are as many as 40 floods per year between March and September, and Venice is actually sinking at a rate of two and a half inches every decade. Its very possible that your grandchildren, and their grandchildren will never have the chance to see this fragile city. Everyone should have the chance to enjoy the city, to walk across its famous bridges, through its ancient squares. There are no cars in Venice, and many people think it helps this to be one of the most romantic cities in the world. So, can it be saved? Well, they are trying. Barriers are being put in to try and stop the water getting too high. This is viewed as a temporary measure, although they should last 100 years, so the problem is finding