新冀教版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)短語(yǔ)與句型總結(jié).doc
.可編輯修改,可打印別找了你想要的都有! 精品教育資料全冊(cè)教案,試卷,教學(xué)課件,教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)等一站式服務(wù)全力滿足教學(xué)需求,真實(shí)規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)最新全面教學(xué)資源,打造完美教學(xué)模式新冀教版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) Unit 1短語(yǔ):1.be from=come from來(lái)自2.over there在那里3.a visiting student一個(gè)訪問(wèn)生4.have lessons=have classes上課5.play sports=do sports=have sports進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)6.plan lessons備課7.have fun=have a good /nice/great/wonderful time玩得愉快8.guessing games猜謎游戲9.a shopping list一張購(gòu)物單10.in Class Five 在五班11.You go first. 你先來(lái)句型:1.介紹自己要用My name is . . . 或I am. . . ,介紹別人則用His/Her name is. . .或This is. . .詢問(wèn)別人的姓名用Whats your/his/her name?2.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的身體健康狀況,要用How are you? 答語(yǔ)為:Im fine/Fine,thanks.3 Good morning/afternoon/evening!早上/下午/晚上好!Good night 晚安!4 This is-這是.5 let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事6 show sb.around帶領(lǐng)某人參觀 Show sb sth/show sth to sb把某物展示給某人7 Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事8 Excuse me.May I have/borrow-?抱歉/打擾。我可以借.嗎?表示客氣的請(qǐng)求要用May I,please?答語(yǔ)為Sure./OK (Here you are.) .borrow 與 have.都可以表示“借”之意,區(qū)別在于:前者表示借了要還;而后者則指借了不必還。如:May I borrow your book, please? May I have a piece of paper?9 See you later.再見(jiàn)10 Here you are!給你11 Thank you /thanks!謝謝! You are welcome.不客氣/不用謝Thats all right/It doesnt matter.12 need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth 需要被做某事13 How/What about doing sth.?z做某事怎么樣?How/What about sth.?某事/物怎么樣?How/What about sb ?某人呢?/某人怎么樣?14 make a list列清單15 人們見(jiàn)面時(shí)的寒喧話常用Nice to meet you.答語(yǔ)為:Nice to meet you, too或Me,too.16 Welcome to.歡迎到.17 homeroom teacher 指導(dǎo)教師18 at the store=in a shop在商店19.詢問(wèn)單數(shù)物品時(shí),要用Whats this/it? 答語(yǔ)為Its a/an +單數(shù)名詞。其中,this為指示代詞,表示離說(shuō)話人較近的事物。在答語(yǔ)中,一般要用it 代替this.20. borrow.from.從/向.借入Lend.to.把.借給.21. buy反義詞sell Buy sb sth/buy sth for sb給某人買某物三、語(yǔ)法1. an 后面加以元音開(kāi)頭的名詞 單元音: i: i e æ a: : u u: : 雙元音: ei ai i u au i u a 后面加以輔音開(kāi)頭的名詞 輔音: p b t d k g f v s z t d tr dr ts dz m n h l r w j2. some 和 any 的用法 some意為“一些”,可作形容詞和代詞。它常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:some books一些書(shū),some boys一些男孩,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如:some water一些水,some tea一些茶葉,some常用在肯定句中。any意為“任何一些”,它也可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。如: -I have some tea here. 我這兒有些茶葉。 -I cant see any tea. 我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)茶葉。 -Do you have any friends at school? 你在學(xué)校有些朋友嗎? -I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英語(yǔ)書(shū),它們是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建議,反問(wèn),請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí),多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 來(lái)點(diǎn)水果汁如何?3. too 用于肯定句句末, also用于be動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,either用于否定句句末,都表示“也”4. 英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的名字是姓氏(surname)在后,名(given name)在前.如:Jim Green中Jim是名字,Green是姓氏. Unit 2短語(yǔ):1.look at看. look(看的動(dòng)作) see(看的結(jié)果)2.come out出現(xiàn)3.in the sky在天空中4.be/get ready for準(zhǔn)備去.5.say goodbye to向人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)6.catch a cold(患)感冒7.go back/come back回去8.put on-take off穿上-脫下 put on(穿的動(dòng)作)wear(穿的狀態(tài))9.go well with和.很相配;協(xié)調(diào)10.take.out of把所有的.取出11.around the world=all over the world全世界12.just right 剛剛好,正好13.in black and white 身穿黑白相間的衣服14.at the shopping centre 在購(gòu)物中心15.a pair of socks/shorts/pants/glasses/shoes/gloves一雙襪子、一條短褲/長(zhǎng)褲、一副眼鏡、一雙鞋、一雙手套16.light blue 淺藍(lán)色17.How much+不可數(shù)名詞(提問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量) How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量)如:How many markers do you have? I have four./Four.句型:1.mix A and/with B; mix.together把A和B混合在一起 2.Whats your favourite colour?你最喜歡的顏色是什么?3.詢問(wèn)物品的顏色時(shí),要用What colour is/are? 答語(yǔ)為Its/They are+顏色。如:What colour is your skirt ? Its pink.4.How many colours do you see?你能看到多少顏色?5. 詢問(wèn)物品是誰(shuí)的,要用whose . whose 可以作定語(yǔ),也可以作表語(yǔ),兩種句型??梢赃M(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。如:Whose shots are these?=Whose are these shorts?6.be/get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備去做某事7.want sth想要某物 want to do sth 想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想讓某人做某事8.Lets go shopping.讓我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物9.Its too small/big/long/short for me.它對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太小、大、長(zhǎng)、短。10.forget sth忘記某物 forget /remember to do sth 忘記/記得去做某事 forget/remember doing sth 忘記/記得做過(guò)某事11、cold反義詞hot cool反義詞warm12. so+形容詞或副詞13、 look+形容詞(表語(yǔ))14、提問(wèn)顏色用what colour.15、maybe 和may beMaybe是副詞,意思是“或許,大概”may be 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后家加動(dòng)詞原形beEg:Maybe he is a student或He may be a student.16. 人稱代詞與物主代詞人稱第一人稱單 數(shù)第二人稱單 數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù) 數(shù)第三人稱復(fù) 數(shù)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey我你他她它我們你們他(她、它)們賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem我你他她它我們你們他(她、它)們形容詞性物主代 詞my我的your你的his他的her她的its它的our我們的your你們的their他(她、它)們的名詞性物主代 詞mine我的yours你的his他的hers她的its它的ours我們的yours你們的theirs他(她、它)們的1)主格常作主語(yǔ), 其中主格與動(dòng)詞be (am, is, are) 的連用如下:人稱代詞主格與跟在它后面的be動(dòng)詞可以縮寫:如I am=Im ,you are=youre, He is=hes, she is=shes, it is =its we are=were,they are=theyre2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語(yǔ),例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))a. - Who broke the vase? -誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶?b. - Me. -我。(me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.)說(shuō)明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。3)形容詞性的物主代詞(只作定語(yǔ))+名詞, 如my book 我的書(shū) her hat 她的帽子。形容詞可作定語(yǔ),形容詞(定語(yǔ)) + 名詞, 如good boy好男孩favorite subject最喜歡的科目。形容詞可與 be (am, is, are) 連用作定語(yǔ), be (am, is, are) + 形容詞 (表語(yǔ)) 如 He is happy4)名詞性物主代詞的句法功能a. 作主語(yǔ),例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。b. 作賓語(yǔ),例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你愛(ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣深。c. 作介詞賓語(yǔ),例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說(shuō)的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。d. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),例如:The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。5). 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞為避免重復(fù)使用名詞,有時(shí)可用“名詞性物主代詞”來(lái)代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag,可寫成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. Unit 3短語(yǔ):1.play with sb/sth 和某人玩或玩某物2.do ones homework做某人的作業(yè)3.make noodles 制作面條4.feel blue感到很憂傷5.see red火冒三丈6.a symbol of .的象征7.listen to聽(tīng).8.wave ones hand揮手9.stand against/upon靠.站著10.one metre long 一米長(zhǎng)11.see a doctor/go to the doctor看病、12.take the/this medicine 吃藥13.have a headache/stomachache頭痛/胃痛14.have a cold/catch a cold 感冒15.stay home待在家里16.have a good rest好好休息17.look different/the same看起來(lái)不同/相同18.think of/come up with想出 想起句型:1.make sth. for sb.給某人制作某物2.use AforB 把A用于B3. 詢問(wèn)人的高度用How tall,回答時(shí)用“數(shù)字 + metre(s) + tall”,也可以用I dont know如:How tall are you? Im 1.3 metres tall.4. Whats wrong?=Whats the matter=whats the trouble(with sb/sth)(某人、某物怎么啦)詢問(wèn)人或物品的情況用Whats the matter? 還可說(shuō)成Whats the matter with?其答語(yǔ)并不固定,如:Whats the matter with your finger? I cut it. It hurts.5. Are you OK?你好嗎6. Youd/ had better (not)do sth.你最好(不)做某事7. Youd better go and see a doctor.你最好去看大夫8.What does sb look like?問(wèn)某人的外貌 What is sb like?問(wèn)某人的性格9.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的感受用How do you feel?回答時(shí)用Im/I feel+表示感情或感覺(jué)的形容詞.如:-How do you feel? 你感覺(jué)怎么樣? -Im/I feel happy/sad/cold/hot/tired/cool/warm.我(感到)很高興/難過(guò)/冷/熱/累/涼爽/暖和.9.同反義詞tall反short big反small happy反sad laugh反cry up反down wrong反righttoo同義詞also10. have/has的用法口訣 動(dòng)詞have表示“有”,位置就在主語(yǔ)后?!叭龁巍敝髡Z(yǔ)用has,其他人稱用have。一般問(wèn)句句首do/does添。否定句子也一樣,dont /doesnt 主語(yǔ)后面站。1.A dog has four legs.2.Our school has a library.3.We have 37 chairs in our classroom.4.My sister has a nice toy car.5.Does that girl have a doll?6.Do Tom and his brother have a big bedroom?7.I don't have a model plane.8.Lily doesn't have a doll. Unit 4短語(yǔ):1.a glass/cup/can/bottle of一杯、一瓶.2.write down寫下,記下(后面跟代詞,代詞放中間)3.would like/want sth想要某物 would like/want to do sth想要做某事4.take down 拿下,取下,記下(后面跟代詞代詞放中間)5.pass around 分發(fā),傳送(后面跟代詞代詞放中間)6.be away不在,離開(kāi)7.get enough rest得到足夠的休息8.Watch TV看電視9.too much 后面跟不可數(shù)名詞too many 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much too 后面跟形容詞或副詞10.be full of=be filled with充滿.11.Pear同音詞 pair12.be short for。的縮寫,簡(jiǎn)稱13 hungry 反義詞full14 put.on.把.放在.上15 What/How about+代詞或名詞或v+ing16 have to do sth不得不(客觀)must do sth必須(主觀)17.表達(dá)自己饑餓/口渴,想吃/喝東西時(shí),用Im hungry/thirsty. I want to eat/drink want to 的委婉說(shuō)法是would like to.如:Im hungry. Iwant to / would like to eat some dumplings.句型:1.(Its ) time to do sth.到干某事的時(shí)候了。(Its ) time for sth.到.的時(shí)候了Its time for sb to do sth到某人做.的時(shí)候了2.Whats for breakfast/lunch/supper?早餐、午餐、晚餐吃什么?3.What would you like (to do) sth?你想要(做)什么?4.have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper5.Do you want to come with me?你想和我一起來(lái)嗎?6.get /buy sth. for sb.給某人買某物7.Good job!/Well done!/Great!/Wonderful!/ Excellent!/Perfect做得好8. take sb to some place帶某人去某地9. Are you ready to order?你準(zhǔn)備好點(diǎn)餐了嗎?10. How much is/are sth? / How much for sth?/Whats the price of sth?某物多少錢?11. Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的嗎?(不定式修飾不定代詞作后置定語(yǔ))12. No problem!沒(méi)問(wèn)題13. Can I help you?/May I help you?/What can I do for you?你想要點(diǎn)什么?/需要幫忙嗎?14. Ill take 表示“我將/要買?!眛ake可用buy/get/have代替。如:Ill take /get/have/buy six.15.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(Countable noun and Uncountable noun)從名詞的數(shù)上劃分,英語(yǔ)名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a / an 連用。在這里,我們重點(diǎn)講述不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞(1)不可數(shù)名詞包括各種物質(zhì)的統(tǒng)稱:bread 面包, stone石頭,beer啤酒, water水cream奶油, wood木頭,jam果醬, ice 冰,paper紙, oil油,soap肥皂 ,glass玻璃,tea茶, gold黃金,(2)抽象名詞也是不可數(shù)名詞:advice 主意/忠告,death死亡,beauty美麗、漂亮,help幫助(3)在英文中下列名詞也是不可數(shù)名詞:baggage 行李 furniture家具weather氣候 information信息knowledge知識(shí) news新聞(4)不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a / an 連用,在前面往往加上some(一些), any (任何), no (沒(méi)有),a little (少許)等詞,或與量詞搭配,組成短語(yǔ)。<1>I don't want any advice or help I want some information<2>a piece of news 一條消息a drop of oil 一滴油a cake of soap 一塊肥皂a cup of tea 一杯茶two slices of bread 兩片面包three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黃醬(5)英語(yǔ)名詞的可數(shù)或不可數(shù),不要從漢語(yǔ)本身去理解,要根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣和特點(diǎn)判斷、記憶。例如:money是不可數(shù)名詞,dollar則是可數(shù)名詞。I have much money 我有許多錢He has many dollars 他有許多美元。(6)有些詞即是可數(shù)名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞。如hair 指一個(gè)人頭上的全部頭發(fā)時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞;如果指每一根毛發(fā)時(shí),就是可數(shù)的,可以說(shuō)one hair , two hairs Her hair is black Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out她的頭發(fā)是黑的。她只要發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根白發(fā)就將它拔掉??蓴?shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式??蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)可以與冠詞a/an 連用。總結(jié)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則。一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1) 一般的名詞在詞尾加-Sstudents, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加-esglasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加escities, babies, cherries,countries4) 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)變f為v加eshalf-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolveswife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;5) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加es有生命的加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes(黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿),無(wú)生命的加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos,二、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1)改變內(nèi)部的元音字母:foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice,man men, woman women2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep sheep, deer deer, Chinese Chinese,3)加renchild children3)集體名詞, people ,class, police 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)三、復(fù)數(shù)的發(fā)音一般情況加 -s 清輔音后讀/s/ map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等結(jié)尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies Unit 5短語(yǔ):1.the Smith family=the Smiths史密斯一家2.walk to school=go to school on foot步行去學(xué)校3.talk on the police radio通過(guò)警用對(duì)講機(jī)交談4.on weekends在周末5.play football踢足球6.be close to與.親近7.work hard at school努力學(xué)習(xí)8.have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time過(guò)得愉快 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事9.in front of在外部的前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of在內(nèi)部的前面There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.10.on the wall在墻上There is a map on the wall.in the wall 在墻上 There is a window in the wall.11.lots of=a lot of+不可數(shù)名詞=much lots of=a lot of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=many12.a basket of一籃子13.look out=be careful=take care小心14.go on a picnic=have a picnic去野餐15.have a birthday party舉行生日聚會(huì)16.make a card制作卡片17.on the front(of.) 在(.)正面18.Set the table 擺放餐具,布置餐桌句型:1.What does/do sb do?/What be(is/are) sb?/What is ones job?問(wèn)某人的職業(yè)She/He is a.2.talk to sb. about sth.關(guān)于某事同某人交談3. 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的年齡時(shí)用句型How old are you ? 答語(yǔ)為:I am + 數(shù)詞(+years old )如How old are you ? I am thirteen .( years old)4. 生日祝賀用語(yǔ)為:Happy birthday ( to you)!答語(yǔ)為:Thank you.或 Thanks之類的感謝用語(yǔ)。5.use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事6.詢問(wèn)某人住/生活在哪里的說(shuō)法是:Where do/does +主語(yǔ)+live?詢問(wèn)某物的地點(diǎn)或位置時(shí)用Where提問(wèn),句型結(jié)構(gòu)為Where + be + 主語(yǔ)?Where 所提問(wèn)的常常是由above/below/beside/in/on等構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)。如:Where is the picture? Its above the bed.7.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài):表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、 習(xí) 慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段存在的狀態(tài)、 特征及心理活動(dòng).常用的狀語(yǔ)有: often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型1).句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be(am,is,are)動(dòng)詞肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are) (I)我是am, (you)你是are,is跟著他(he)她(she)它(it),單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are否定句:主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are)+not.疑問(wèn)句:Are/Is +主語(yǔ)+.肯定回答:Yes, 主語(yǔ)(人稱代詞主格)+be(am/is/are).否定回答:No, 主語(yǔ)(人稱代詞主格)+be(am/is/are)+not.2)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞為原形:肯定句: 主語(yǔ)+V(原) I like bananas.否定句: 主語(yǔ)+dont+V(原) I do not like bananas一般疑問(wèn)句: do提前:Do+主語(yǔ) +V(原) Do you have bananas?肯定回答Yes,主語(yǔ)+ do. 否定回答No,主+ do+not實(shí)意動(dòng)詞為三單: 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+ V(三單) She likes bananas.否定句: 主語(yǔ)+doesnt +V(原) He does not/doest like bananas.一般疑問(wèn)句: does提前:Does+主語(yǔ) +V(原) Does she like bananas?肯定回答Yes,主語(yǔ)+ does 否定回答No,主+ does+not(陳述句變成(特殊)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)I/we 變?yōu)?you, my/our 變?yōu)?your,and 變?yōu)?or,some 變?yōu)?any)動(dòng)詞的“三單”形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1).一般情況下, 直接加-s”2)s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的單詞, 直接加“es”3)以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的單詞, 變“y”為“i”再加“es”(s在清輔音之后發(fā)/s/ ,其他情況下發(fā)/z/,es發(fā)為/iz/)含有動(dòng)詞do 的句子在變化時(shí),一定別把do 丟了!例如:Li Ping does his homework in the eveing. 否定句:Li Ping doesnt do his homework in the evening.疑問(wèn)句:Does Li Ping do his homework in the evening?8.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1)基本含義 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情況。 如: Im reading a book. 我正在讀書(shū)。 也可以表示現(xiàn)階段正在而此刻不一定進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 如: What are you doing these days? 這些天你在干什么? 還可以表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但僅適用于 go, come, leave, arrive等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,且經(jīng)常和一個(gè)表 示將來(lái)的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如: Im going hiking next week. 我打算下周去徒步旅行。2)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞be+現(xiàn)在分詞 助動(dòng)詞be本身沒(méi)有詞匯意義,它應(yīng)隨主語(yǔ)的人 稱和數(shù)變化。其變化形式與連系動(dòng)詞be相同, 即第一人稱單數(shù)用am,第三人稱單數(shù)用is,其 他情況一律用are。3).現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 1.一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing do-doing, stand-standing 2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單詞,先去e再加-ing close-closing, take-taking 3.以重讀閉音節(jié)(一個(gè)元音字母跟一個(gè)輔音字母,且重讀)結(jié)尾的單詞,先雙寫末尾的輔音 字母,再加-ing get-getting, cut-cutting 4.以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing4)使用場(chǎng)合 當(dāng)句中含有now, at the moment(此刻), these days, recently(最近)。如: She is talking to her mother at the moment. 此刻 她正在和老師談話。當(dāng)句句子前面有l(wèi)isten,look,Its+時(shí)間點(diǎn),等時(shí)。如: Listen! The teacher is singing an English song. 聽(tīng)!這位老師正在唱英文歌。 上文提示某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如: Where is Danny? 丹尼在哪兒? He is listening to the radio in his room. 他正在 房間里聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。 5).句式結(jié)構(gòu) 陳述句式的肯定式及否定式。否定式在助動(dòng)詞be后加not。如: Youre cleaning the floor. You arent reading. 你正在擦地板。 不是在讀書(shū)。 He is listening to the teacher. He isnt dancing. 他正在聽(tīng)老師 (講話)。他不在跳舞。一般疑問(wèn)句形式:將助動(dòng)詞be提到主語(yǔ)前,句末加“?”。如: Are you watching TV? 你在看電視嗎?Is Lily wearing a red dress? 莉莉在穿著一件紅裙子嗎? 特殊疑問(wèn)句句式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+?如: What are they doing? 他們正在做什么? What is your brother drinking? 你哥哥正在做什么? Unit 6短語(yǔ):1.get off下車get on上車2.get lost=be lost迷路3.on ones way to在去.的路上4.look for尋找5.turn right/left右轉(zhuǎn)或左轉(zhuǎn)6.good luck( to sb)祝(某人)好運(yùn)7.make a noise/make noises制造噪音8.of course/sure/certainly當(dāng)然9.on the farm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)10.come on來(lái)吧11.learn about/of 得知,獲悉12.on ones left/right在某人的左邊或右邊13.get to/reach/arrive at/in都表示到達(dá) arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞,接地名的時(shí)候要加at/in,一般大地方用in,小地方用at如 I arrive in Beijing yesterday.我昨天到北京。reach是及物動(dòng)詞,直接接地名如:I reached Beijing yesterday.get to也是直接接地名。(后跟副詞時(shí)介詞to要省略)14.take a taxi坐出租車15.next to緊鄰,挨著16.find out 找出,發(fā)現(xiàn)句型:1.詢問(wèn)交通方式要用How,句型結(jié)構(gòu)為 How do / does + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?答語(yǔ)中要有by +交通工具名詞,或in/on+限定詞+交通工具名詞。2表示一個(gè)地方離另一個(gè)地方遠(yuǎn)要用be far from .3.為別人引路時(shí)常說(shuō)This way,please.或Follow me .對(duì)方回答Thanks或Thank you .Folow me 是一句較為常用的口語(yǔ),它的意義極廣,表示“跟我走/學(xué)/唱/說(shuō)/做。應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)確定它的具體意義。5詢問(wèn)某人要去某地常用Where are you going ? 答語(yǔ)為 Im /We are goingto +地點(diǎn)。6服務(wù)行業(yè)的服務(wù)人員常用的服務(wù)用語(yǔ)是Can /May I help you? 這句口語(yǔ)在不同的行業(yè)、不同的地點(diǎn)意義有所不同,在商店表示:你想買點(diǎn)什么?在飯店表示:你想吃點(diǎn)什么?在書(shū)店則意為:你想買什么書(shū)?等。如需幫忙則答:Yes,please.然后再說(shuō)出你具體需要什么。如不需幫忙則說(shuō):No,thanks.如果請(qǐng)別人幫忙時(shí),則用Can you help me?7.數(shù)字加法常用 plus/andequals/is句型。如:Twenty plus/and thirty equals/is fifty.8.向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh做某事時(shí),常用Lets + 動(dòng)詞原形+其它。答語(yǔ)常用OK, lets 或Sorry如:Lets go to the farm to see the animals.- OK,lets go.9.為問(wèn)路的人指路時(shí),常常用Go/Walk down this street and turn left/right.等,問(wèn)路的人要表示感謝。10詢問(wèn)某人住/生活在哪里的說(shuō)法是:Where do/does +主語(yǔ)+live? Unit 7短語(yǔ):1.go swimming/skating去游泳或滑冰2.fly a kite放風(fēng)箏3.big sales大優(yōu)惠,大減價(jià)4.count down 倒計(jì)時(shí),倒數(shù)數(shù)5.come after跟著.來(lái)6.have Sports Day 開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)7.a leap year 閏年8.talk about談?wù)?.get together聚會(huì)10.watch a movie/ see a film看電影11.Go mountain climbing 去爬山句型:1詢問(wèn)“幾月幾日”用Whats the date? 詢問(wèn)“星期幾”用 What day is it today? 如:Whats the date today? Its October 19. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.2.詢問(wèn)“天氣怎么樣?”用 How is the weather?或Whats the weather like today? 表示天氣的詞常是由名詞變化而來(lái)的形容詞,其規(guī)律是在相對(duì)應(yīng)的名 詞后加y,注意有的要雙寫 N. adj. Sun sunny Rain rainy Snow snowy Wind windy Cloud cloudy3.“年月日星期”如何表示:What day is it tomorrow? Its Tuesday,October12.4.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞順口留: 基變序,有規(guī)律,一般詞尾th; (sixsixth, sevenseventh) 一二三,特殊記,結(jié)尾字母tdd; (one-first,two-second,three-third) 八去t, 九去e, ve要用f來(lái)代替;eight-eighth,nine-ninth,five-fifth, twelve-twelfth) ty將y改為i,切記th前還有e; (twenty-twentieth,sixty-sixtieth) 幾十(百)幾也好記,只將個(gè)位改為序。(thirty-one-thirty-first, one hundred and fortyfour-one hundred and forty-fourth )5.節(jié)日Boxing Day! 節(jié)禮日Happy New Year!新年快樂(lè)International Workers Day!國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)National Day!國(guó)慶節(jié)Teachers Day!教師節(jié)New Years Day!元旦the Spring Festival!春節(jié)Childrens Day兒童節(jié) Unit 8短語(yǔ):1.a big goodbye party 盛大的告別聚會(huì)2.the capital of.首都3.know about/of 了解,知道4.be famous for 因.聞名be famous as作為. 聞名5.the same (.) as和.一樣6.English-speaking countries講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家句型:1.Thank sb for (doing) sth.因(做)某事感謝某人2.What else do you know about?你還了解些別的什么?3.Thank you for helping me=Thank you for your help謝謝你的幫助1.重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)辨析1).看法不同:look,see,watch,read.Look是有意的,強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作。單獨(dú)使用時(shí),用來(lái)引起對(duì)方的注意;如 果跟賓語(yǔ),要和at 連用。如Look!She is singing. Look at the blackboard,please.See常強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,意為“看見(jiàn)、看到”如;How many birds can you see in the tree?Watch強(qiáng)調(diào)“專注地觀看”有欣賞的意味,常用于看電視、看球賽等。如: Do you watch TV at night?Read指“看”時(shí)實(shí)指“閱讀”,常用于看書(shū)、看報(bào)等。如: I like reading at home.2).時(shí)間介詞巧記歌。In,on ,at年、月、季前需用in,(in 2008,in September, in spring)遇到日期改用on, (on January 1, on Sunday)上下午、晚上仍用in,(in the morning/afternoon/eveving)若是某日上下午,只有用on才能行。(on the evening of TeachersDay)中午、夜晚用at, (at noon, at night)小時(shí)、分鐘也適合。 (at two, at five twenty)3)“說(shuō)”法不同 speak,talk,say,tellspeak常用作不及物動(dòng)詞(后面不接名詞或代詞),強(qiáng)調(diào)“說(shuō)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作;作及物動(dòng)詞使用時(shí),常以某種語(yǔ)言為賓語(yǔ)。如: The baby cant speak now. Do you speak English?Talk 一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞,著重指“交談,談?wù)摗?,常與with,about,to等介詞連用。如:His parents are talking with his English teacher. The students are talking about the film.Say著重說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般用作及物動(dòng)詞。如:Please say it in English . Lets go and say hello to him. He says, “I am from China.”Tell指“告述、講述”,常用作及物動(dòng)詞。如:She is telling the children a story.她正給孩子們講故事??梢杂孟旅娴目谠E來(lái)區(qū)別它們:tell“談”,say“內(nèi)容”, speak“語(yǔ)言”可以用。 告訴”別人某件事,使用tell記心中。4).look at 和 see 的用法 look at 表示“看、瞧” ,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看的過(guò)程,看某人/物,其后必須接介詞 at,才能帶賓語(yǔ),如: He looks at me。他看著我。 see 強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果,著重的是 look 這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,意思是“看到” ,see 后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如: Look at the blackboard. What can you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?What can you see in the photo? 你能在圖上看到什么? See 還指“看望,拜訪”visit. 如:He wants to see(visit)his uncle this Sunday. 注意:看不見(jiàn)要用 cant see 5).look for 和 find 的用法 look for 表示“尋找” , 強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程; 尋找某人/物,其后必須接介詞 for, 才能帶賓語(yǔ),如:Lets look for the little dog.我們找一找那只小狗吧。 find 表示“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)” ,強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果;如:I look for my friend,Jim here and there,But I cant find him now. 我到處找我的朋友吉姆,但是現(xiàn)在我找不到他。 注意:找不到要用 cant find 6).house、 home 和 family 的用法 house : “房子” ,指居住的建筑物; home: 指廣義的家??梢允蔷幼〉姆孔?,也可以是包括家和家庭成員在內(nèi)所有內(nèi)容。也有“家鄉(xiāng)、故鄉(xiāng)”的意思, 它具有 house 所沒(méi)有的感情色彩(如“團(tuán)聚” 、 “想家”等; family: (1)作“家庭”解,被看作一個(gè)整體,有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩個(gè)形式:family-families。例如:My family is very happy. 我的家庭很幸福。(2)表示“全家人”,指家庭的全體成員,叫做集體名詞,不用加 s,就表示復(fù)數(shù),后面的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:My family are all free this Sunday.這個(gè)周日我們?nèi)叶加锌铡?再如:Please come to my house(=home) this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。 He is not at home. 他不在家。 My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)胰硕计鸬煤茉纭?In China,