高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點總動員 專題01 冠詞(含解析)
專題 01 冠詞關(guān)鍵詞:定冠詞,不定冠詞,零冠詞,泛指,特指難度系數(shù):推薦指數(shù):【基礎(chǔ)回顧】考點歸納: 冠詞的泛指和特指是冠詞學(xué)習(xí)的難點之一,也是高考考查的焦點所在。解題時考生要結(jié)合語境分析究竟設(shè)空處是表示“泛指”還是表示“特指”:1表泛指(指一類人或事物中的任何一個,而不具體指哪一個),用不定冠詞; 2表特指(特指某人、某事、某物,指上文中提到的或正在談?wù)摰娜嘶蛭铮蛘呤钦勗掚p方都知道的人或事物),用定冠詞。 3. 抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞,前面一般不用冠詞;但用來表示具體的人或事時,其前用不定冠詞。4. 比較級和最高級前冠詞的選擇 “a/an比較級”表示“(眾多人或事物中)比更的一個”,屬于泛指;“the比較級”表示“兩者中較的一個”?!皌he最高級”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最的一個”;“a most形容詞”表示“很,非常”。5. 冠詞的固定搭配?;A(chǔ)必讀:(1)定冠詞的??急貍洌憾ü谠~the與指示代詞this,that同源,有“這 / 那個”之意,但語氣較弱,可以和名詞連用,表示某個或某些特定的人或物。敘述上文提到過的特定的事物或上文未提到,但聽話者一定知其所指。用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞的比較級、最高級以及形容詞only,very,same之前。用于表示地球、宇宙中的獨一無二的事物尤指各種天體或世界上比較有影響的物體名詞前。用于表示具體的地點、方位,具體的時間或某天的一部分等。用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群島、報紙、雜志、朝代的專有名詞及由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前等等。(2) 不定冠詞的??急貍洌罕硎緮?shù)量“一”,與one相近。用在首次提到的人或物之前,表泛指。用在物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞之前,表示“一陣,一場,一種”,也可以表示引起某種情緒的事,即抽象名詞具體化使用。用于be of a(an)+ n.結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示“相同的”。 用于so / as / too / how + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。不定冠詞a或an用于表示時間、速度、價格等意義的名詞之前,表示“每一”之意,”相當(dāng)于every或one,但概念上沒它們那么強(qiáng)烈。(3) 零冠詞的??急貍洌悍Q呼語及表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語及同位語時,其前一般不加冠詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的名詞前不加冠詞。專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前, 一般不加冠詞?!炯寄芊椒ā抗谠~知識是高考中的必考內(nèi)容,也是教學(xué)的難點。由于英漢的差異,漢語中沒有冠詞的概念,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生掌握起來較難。掌握冠詞的用法關(guān)鍵把握以下幾點:1.理解特指和泛指;2.理解具體和抽象。解答此類試題,可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮:冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有,主要在短文改錯和語法填空中進(jìn)行考查??疾橐c主要包括:1、定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。2、定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞使用的幾種情況。3、冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。4、零冠詞的運用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。掌握冠詞須把握好以下三個原則:(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時,其前不加冠詞;(3)無論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,表示特指其前都要加定冠詞the?!净A(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】1Whats _ schedule for this weekend? _ greeting ceremony for Professor White will be held in the lecture hall.【答案】the;A【解析】句意:這個周末的計劃是什么?為懷特教授安排的一個歡迎儀式在報告廳舉行。schedule后有for this weekend 所以表特指;第二空為泛指。2In _ eyes of children,playing on the Internet can only bring them _ great fun.【答案】the;/3University is _ most worthwhile time of discovery and learning,and it is also _ very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.【答案】a;a【解析】考查冠詞。句意:大學(xué)是一段探索和學(xué)習(xí)的非常有價值的時光,而且對于我們每一個人來說也是一次很快樂很有價值的經(jīng)歷。第一空,因為沒有明確的范圍,故不用最高級,a most意為“很,非?!?;experience意為“經(jīng)歷”時是可數(shù)名詞,在這里是泛指,所以前面需要用不定冠詞。4Drivers using mobile phones on _ road are more likely to have _ accidents,a science report said recently.【答案】the;/【解析】句意:最近一份科學(xué)報告指出,駕駛員在路上使用手機(jī)更容易發(fā)生事故。on the road為固定搭配,意為“在路上”;“ accidents”表示泛指,第二空不需要填冠詞。5The teacher praised me for _ progress Id made,which was _ great encouragement to me.【答案】the; a【解析】考查冠詞的用法。句意:老師因為我取得的進(jìn)步而表揚我,這對我是一個很大的鼓勵。progress后有定語從句修飾,意為“我取得的進(jìn)步”,為特指;第二空a great encouragement“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此處encouragement為可數(shù)名詞?!灸芰μ嵘?(2016浙江高考)_prize for the winner of the competition is _twoweek holiday in Paris.【答案】The;a【解析】句意:比賽獲勝者的獎品是一次去巴黎的兩個星期的假期。第一空填the,特指“獲勝者的獎品”,用定冠詞;第二空泛指“一個兩周的假期”,用不定冠詞a。2(2016天津高考)Our Standard Course guarantees _ significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language,with focused teaching in all 4 skill areasspeaking,listening,reading and writing.【答案】a【解析】句意:我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程保證你在語言學(xué)習(xí)上信心倍增,同時在說,聽,讀,寫四個技能方面集中培訓(xùn)。 a increase in.在增長。3(2016天津七校聯(lián)考)Jogging every morning is _ good habit.Stick to it,and youll make _ great progress.【答案】a;/【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每天早上慢跑是個好習(xí)慣。堅持下去,你就會取得很大進(jìn)步。第一空泛指“一個好習(xí)慣”,應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;progress為不可數(shù)名詞,make progress為固定詞組,表示“取得進(jìn)步”。4(2016甘肅武威涼州區(qū)一次診斷)If their disagreement comes to _ head,you will be faced with _ unimaginable challenge.【答案】a;an5(2016開封二模)We all sighed with _ relief when _ plane finally landed safely.【答案】/;the【解析】句意:當(dāng)這架飛機(jī)終于安全降落的時候,我們都寬慰地松了一口氣。第一空with relief為習(xí)慣搭配,意為“寬慰地,放松地”;第二空plane前加定冠詞the,表特指?!窘K極闖關(guān)】1.【廣東省五校協(xié)作體2017屆高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞) 或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A 19-year-old girl posing for a photo on the railroad tracks was hit and killed by a train on Saturday afternoon. The girl, _1_ name has yet to be released, was _2_(report) posing for a selfie on a track in a village, Guangdong province. The section of the railway is famous for its beautiful rose blossoms.Witnesses said that the girl did not realize a train was approaching. There were many visitors _3_(take) photos alongside the tracks, and some people shouted warnings, _4_ no one succeeded in getting the girls attention. _5_ employee got off the train to examine the girl and called the police immediately _6_ the accident occurred. _7_(late), she was sent to a nearby hospital by ambulance. According to the nurse on duty that day, the victim showed no sign of life upon her arrival at the hospital.This is not the first time that a visitor _8_(kill) by a train on that section of the tracks, said one of the villagers. More and more visitors, especially young people, are finding their way onto the train lines, especially those near flowerbeds and spring blossoms. They like to photograph _9_(they) in the scenic spots.Local police warned people that the new trend of taking selfies while standing on train tracks puts many peoples lives _10_ risk.【答案】1.whose 2.reportedly 3.taking 4.but 5.An 6.after 7.Later 8.has been killed9.themselves 10.at5.An 句意:事故發(fā)生后一名員工下了火車。employee以元音開頭,故填A(yù)n。注意大寫開頭。6.after 句意:事故發(fā)生后一名員工下了火車,檢查這個女孩,并立即報警。故填after。7.Later 句意:后來,她被救護(hù)車送進(jìn)了附近的醫(yī)院。故填Later。注意大寫開頭。8.has been killed 句意:這已經(jīng)不是這段鐵路上第一次發(fā)生路人被火車撞亡事故了。固定句式:This is the first(second-) time that 主語+現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)+-。根據(jù)句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),故填has been killed。.Com9.themselves 句意:他們喜歡自己在風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方拍照。故填themselves。10.at 固定詞組:at risk有危險。故填at?!局R歸納】1.It is the first(second-)time that 主語+現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)+其他。意思是:第幾次做某事了。如果把is改成was,則后面用過去完成時態(tài)。Its the third time that I have come to the Summer Palace.這是我第三次來到頤和園。2.Its (high) time that 主語+一般過去時態(tài)+其他?,F(xiàn)在是該做某事的時間了。Its high time that we had lunch.現(xiàn)在是我們該吃午飯的時間了。3. It is/has been+一段時間+since 主語+一般過去時態(tài)+-。自從-有多長時間了。在這個句型中since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句用一般過去時態(tài),分兩種情況:(1)如果從句的動詞是終止性動詞leave/come/-,則表示“從動作開始到現(xiàn)在多長時間了?!盜t is three years since he began to smoke.他已經(jīng)吸煙三年了。(2)如果從句的動詞是持續(xù)性動詞stay/smoke/live-,則表示“從動作結(jié)束到現(xiàn)在多長時間了”。 It is three years since he smoked.他戒煙三年了??键c:考查語法填空 2.【湖南省婁底市雙峰一中,漣源一中等五校2017屆高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加,刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞; 2只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。Keeping a diary in English is the effective way to improve our English writing abilityFirst, it takes little time to finish a diary than other writingsBy keeping English diaries, we can easy form the habit of thinking about in EnglishSecond, we can practice use English idioms and useful structures in our diary-writingIf we have difficulty finding suitable words or phrases to express our opinion, we can turn in English dictionaries or teacher for helpThis is also a kind of learningIf we can keep on doing this, we would gradually learn how express ourselves in English freelyIn a word, it was of great benefit to keep diaries in English【答案】theanlittlelesseasyeasilyabout去掉useusingintoteacherteacherswouldwillhow后加towasisabout去掉 考查短語。Form a habit of thinking in English表示養(yǎng)成用英語思考的習(xí)慣,所以這里about多余。useusing考查短語。Practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事,為固定搭配,所以這里需將use改為using。into考查短語。Use sth to sth用,所以這里需將介詞in改為to。teacherteachers 考查可數(shù)名詞。這里teacher不止一個,所以這里需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。wouldwill 考查時態(tài)。該句為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以這里需將would改為will。how后加to考查疑問詞。疑問詞how+to do表示怎么做,所以需在how后加to。wasis 考查動詞時態(tài)。本文時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以這里be動詞需用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)is。考點:語篇理解以及語法知識。