高中英語必修四語法-構(gòu)詞法.ppt

英語構(gòu)詞法,一. 轉(zhuǎn)化 二. 合成詞 三. 派生詞,一. 轉(zhuǎn)化詞 轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性. 1.v-n. pay a visit 2. nv His name heads the list. 3.adjv Mary empties the dustbin. 4.adjn. The bank is on the right. 5.adj-adv We will stay here long.,二.合成詞 1.合成形容詞 ( 由數(shù)字和名詞構(gòu)成）一定要由連字符. a 2000wordreport an 800meterlong bridge 2.合成名詞變復數(shù) A.主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù). looker(s)on son(s)inlaw B.沒有主體名詞的將最后一個詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù). gobetween(s) drawback(s),三.派生詞 派生詞是由詞根加詞綴構(gòu)成新詞, 構(gòu)成的 新詞成為派生詞.(前綴和后綴) 除個別前綴外,前綴一般只改變詞的意義, 不引起詞類的轉(zhuǎn)化. 1. un, dis, non, in, im, ir, il 等表示“不” unhappy , dislike , informal , impolite , illegal nonverbal , irregular,2. re 表示重新. rebuild, rewrite, revisit. 3. en和后面的形容詞,構(gòu)成動詞. enlarge, endanger, enable 4. pre 表示“之前” prehistory prefix prewar 5. post 表示“之后” postwar postgraduate,后綴一般只改變詞類,不引起詞義的變化. 1.由動詞變成名詞，表示人或者器具. worker , assistant , examinee 2.adjn 表示性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài), Kindness, hardship, difficulty, truth,3. v-n表示過程或結(jié)果 pollution, marriage, failure, arrival. 4. nadj. useful, friendly, troublesome, careless.,1.名詞后綴 - er/or visitor worker - ist artist communist - ness darkness happiness - tion attention introduction - ment movement judgement,補充,2 形容詞后綴 ful careful hopeful ous curious dangerous able knowable usable y hilly windy ed coloured moneyed,3.副詞后綴 ly carefully newly greatly,