外文翻譯--列車制車系統(tǒng)比例閥測控試驗臺的設計與研究

Proportional valve control system of train car system test rig design and research Trains are proportional valve can make the vehicles braking rate not along with the change of load change, keep a constant, to reduce the train braking on the longitudinal impulse, avoid empty with the braking force is too large to wheels, brake shoe, holding in death of the wheels sliding on the rail abrasion wheel, and heavy car due to insufficient braking force cant park within the prescribed braking distance. Because trains are proportional valve importance related to the personal safety, the quality put forward higher requirements, therefore to train load proportional valve test is also put forward more requirements. According to the properties of the sense of train load proportional valve, proportional valve testing test-bed design studied. Finally after the actual test shows that the test high test precision, stable performance, loading and unloading test parts quickly and accurately, short test time, test results, high degree of visualization, historical data query is convenient, can be developed for train sense of proportional valve and provide reliable testing basis and on-line detection methods. Railway is the artery of national economy, it shoulders the heavy task of passenger and cargo transportation. With the rapid development of economic and social progress, the railway passenger traffic volume continues to grow, the transport capacity of railway system is higher and higher requirements are put forward. In this case, in addition to need to put more rail lines, increase the speed of train is a more effective way to solve the capacity shortage. On August 1, 2008, the beijing-tianjin inter-city railway opened to traffic operation formally, marks the advent of the era of high speed train in China, more and more high-speed rail line will be opened in the future. Systems hardware design including pneumatic, electric control system, hardware test-bed control system optimization, etc. First of all, based on the sense of train load proportional valve performance test requirements, puts forward the initial scheme of circuit design, clear the design idea and method； Then, through the analysis of the ratio of the initial plan for the further optimization to improve； Finally, equipped with a pressure transducer, data acquisition card, etc. Main control parts of electric control system, finally completed the train load proportional valve control systems hardware design. According to train main test indicators, load proportional valve test rig must be able to provide for train sense of proportional valve, therefore, in this paper, on the basis of initial design, through the further optimization and improvement of the performance to price ratio, the formation of the final construction scheme optimum pneumatic circuit. Sense of train load is proportional valve need fast charging, exhaust, solenoid valve work frequency is higher, so generally use the MAC valve company production balance type multi-purpose valve control valve (EP), EP valve pneumatic circuit. Within the dotted line 2 2 2 2 EP solenoid valve and valve (6) constitute a wind, relief valve, controlled by the master control system of computer, also can through the control panel buttons (1) backup systems, pneumatic systems). Manual control charging ball valve , the exhaust valve constitute the standby system 2 (manual). To be measured when the valve train are proportional valve charging and exhaust air, measured by a pressure transducer signal pressure and output electric signals, and transmit to computer into pressure value, at the same time terminal pressure gauge display air pressure value directly, convenient for observation. Air supply pressure gauge shows gas source pressure, pressure gauge for regulating the load control counter pressure and signal control counter pressure. Precision pressure regulating valve external in the combination at the inlet of the valve , reduce the combination valve inlet pressure fluctuations, stability into the gas chamber pressure, which significantly improve the stability of precision. Precision pressure regulating valve of the pressure regulating pressure is higher, the pressure difference, the greater the signal the faster and more steady wind pressure rise. But the precision of pressure regulating valve regulating pressure is too high, is not conducive to signal pressure drop, after many test, precision pressure of pressure regulating valve will be dispatched to 700 kpa, makes the high pressure difference is higher, to signal the wind pressure of the steady and rapid rise, at the same time to facilitate the signal pressure of low pressure drop. Gas load volume 1 l capacity can slow the pressure and output fluctuation. Three channel control mode (computer control of automatic test systems, panel button manually test system, switch valve manually test system), and better satisfy the requirement of the test bench work. Master control system working principle is: the solenoid valve to electricity, EP valve according to the braking instruction, train are proportional valve inflatable and exhaust. Through physical partition loss of electricity, the solenoid, prevent gas pipeline leak, achieve train sense of proportional valve pressure maintaining. Because Labview test software set frequency is higher, this circuit structure generally use the MAC valve company produces the balance type multi-purpose valve valve (EP) for measurement and control. Model: 120B-501BAAD、 140B-501BAAD, up to 50 Hz frequency, high sensitivity. EP valve only wiring for power supply and input signal, it can not only make the proportion of pressure, flow direction and flow control system constitutes a simple, but also facilitate a variety of awaiting approval. EP valve has the advantage of high accuracy, high sensitivity, high reliability, can realize precise control of pressure pipeline. However, if the control mode, load (gas bar, gas resistance, air volume) do not match, the control accuracy is not enough, EP valve leakage problems itself at the same time, the accuracy is within plus or minus 10 kpa fluctuations of 22, and ask for a plus or minus 2 kpa test-bed. In the experiment, signal pressure rise faster, but arrived at the signal pressure setting, due to the EP valve charge too quickly, make sense of train load proportion valve overcharge a drainage phenomenon is serious, as shown in figure 3.3. Signal pressure fluctuations is bigger, cant meet the stability requirement. At the same time because of high working frequency, frequent switch, easy to damage, and the price is a little bit higher, a EP valve price is in 6000 yuan of above. Solenoid valve is used to control fluid flow in the direction of the automation of basic components, belonging to the actuator； Is typically used for machinery and industrial control valve, to control the direction of medium, so as to achieve control of the valve switch. Electromagnet as the driver of the pilot valve, the performance of the entire element characteristics have important influence, both the steady-state accuracy and dynamic response performance, reliability and anti-interference ability or work all depends largely on the electromagnet. Improve electromagnet suction characteristics of comprehensive performance, without enlargement of pilot valve appearance size, improve valve commutation performance, electromagnet in the thrust to overcome in the process of reversing valve core movement of various resistance, decrease the consumed power of electromagnet, and energy saving, miniaturization, etc., is the goal of ascension solenoid valve performance. Electromagnetic valve selection should first of all, in turn, follow the safety, reliability, applicability and economy of the four principles, the second is based on the six aspects of site conditions (pipeline parameters and fluid parameters and pressure parameter, electrical parameter, action mode, special requirements to choose) 23 25. In the pneumatic circuit, using the four common electromagnetic valve, respectively control Cv2 mouth signal (Ps) and exhaust wind wind, Cv1 mouth always wind (Pin) charging and exhaust. Because of the Labview test software set frequency is higher, generally use the MAC valve the balance type multi-purpose valve for measurement and control valve (EP). Model: 120 b - 501 baad baad, 140 b - 140. Up to 50Hz frequency, sensitivity high, the price is relatively high. Ordinary electromagnetic valve price at 60 yuan/pairs, but ordinary cannot achieve EP solenoid valve high frequency movement, must carries on the corresponding modification. Measured by test computer send control commands to the solenoid valve work to 12 ms, drive time is too long, need to drive to 9 10 ms, drive for 11 hz frequency. Therefore, from the following two aspects in the design of drive time: To improve the original MOS tube + relay mode MOS tube drive systems；Solenoid valve. In order to achieve the rapid absorption of dc electromagnet, release, there are two types of driving mode: Hard drive (constant power driver) : Change the itinerary drives And every other disk Soft drive (power) : High pulse, high suction, the low level to maintain after absorption, high level. Japans Toyota rapier loom USES a high drive, low maintenance. Soft drive implementation requires extra equipment and cost, from the economic point of view, this design USES the hard drive mode transformation of electromagnetic valve hardware parts: (1) the valve port, from 2 mm to 1 mm, slow airflow； (2) reduce the drive frequency of the low pressure differential； (3) appropriate to reduce electromagnetic valve travel 0.2 mm； (4) solenoid valve armature in every disk, in order to reduce the electromagnetic valve is reset when the residual magnetism. Through alteration and electromagnetic valve control system, using EP valve solenoid valve replaced, and the precision of the modified can improve to plus or minus 2 kpa, but appeared the overcharge phenomenon, therefore, can be in in solenoid valve import and export, and 0.75 mm orifice, heat causes air currents to flat. Using four two two-way solenoid valve and a two of the 3-way magnet valve (instead of charging, relief valve, the control principle is as follows: 1, 2, DT DT control train sense of proportional valve pressure signal of wind, 3, 4, 5 DT, DT, DT control train load proportion valve outlet pressure； When 1 DT, DT 2 losing electricity, the realization of train load proportional valve signal wind aeration； In order to prevent the air flow is too big, appear signal wind overcharge phenomenon, in 1 DT back-end constant orifice plug placement, to slow the flow, to improve control accuracy； Signal charge occurred after the wind, through 2 DT exhaust, reduce signal atmosphere pressure； 3 DT control output pouring, 4 DT for the exhaust air outlet； 5 DT can realize signal in accordance with the requirements of the different wind air, but air flow instability, low control precision； On the basis of the original, to further optimize the gas path, place the 5 DT after 1 DT constant orifice plug, can achieve different requirements of charging, can also use the same constant orifice plug slow airflow, reduce the air pressure fluctuation, improve control accuracy. This test bench has been formed the final design scheme of pneumatic circuit. 列車制車系統(tǒng)比例閥測控試驗臺的設計與研究 火車是比例閥可以使汽車的制動率不隨負載變化的變化 ,保持 a 恒定不變 ,減少列車制動縱向沖動 ,避免空的剎車力太大車輪、制動蹄、抱死車輪軌道平移砂 輪和重型汽車由于制動力不足不能把車停在規(guī)定的制動距離。因為火車是比例閥的重要性關(guān)系到個人安全 ,質(zhì)量提出了更高的要求 ,因此對列車荷載比例閥測試也提出了更多的要求。根據(jù)屬性的意義上的列車荷載比例閥 ,比例閥測試試驗臺的設計研究。最后 ,在實際的測試表明 ,該試驗測試精度高 ,性能穩(wěn)定 ,加載和卸載測試部分 ,快速、準確地測定時間短、測試結(jié)果、高程度的可視化、歷史數(shù)據(jù)查詢方便 ,可以發(fā)展為培訓意義上的比例閥和提供可靠的試驗依據(jù)和在線檢測方法。 鐵路是國民經(jīng)濟的大動脈 ,它肩負著沉重的任務的客貨運輸。隨著中國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展 ,和社會 的進步 ,鐵路客運量不斷增長 ,運輸能力的鐵路系統(tǒng)是更高和更高的要求提出的。在這種情況下 ,除了需要把更多的鐵路 ,增加速度的列車是一個更有效的方法來解決產(chǎn)能不足。2008年 8月 1日 ,京津城際鐵路通車運行正式 ,標志著時代的到來高速列車在中國 ,越來越多的高速鐵路將于未來。 系統(tǒng)的硬件設計包括氣動、電氣控制系統(tǒng)、硬件試驗臺控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化等。首先 ,根據(jù)意義上的列車荷載比例閥性能測試需求 ,提出了初始方案的電路設計 ,明確設計思想和方法 ,然后 ,通過分析比最初的計劃進一步優(yōu)化改善 ；最后 ,裝有一個壓力傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡等。主要控制部 件的電氣控制系統(tǒng) ,最后完成了列車荷載比例閥控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設計。 根據(jù)列車的主要測試指標、負載比例閥試驗臺必須能夠提供列車的感覺 ,因此 ,比例閥在本文的基礎上 ,初步設計 ,通過進一步優(yōu)化和改進的性能價格比 ,形成最終的施工方案優(yōu)化氣動回路。 意義上的列車荷載比例閥需要快速充電 ,排氣 ,電磁閥工作頻率比較高 ,所以一般使用MAC 閥公司生產(chǎn)平衡式多功能閥控制閥 (EP),EP 閥氣動回路。在虛線 2 2 2 2 EP 電磁閥和閥(6)構(gòu)成一個風、安全閥、控制的主控系統(tǒng)的計算機 ,也可以通過控制面板按鈕 (1)備份系統(tǒng) ,氣動系統(tǒng) )。手動 控制充電球閥 ,排氣閥構(gòu)成備用系統(tǒng) 2(手動 )。被測閥門火車是比例閥充電和排氣 ,用一個壓力傳感器信號壓力和輸出電信號 ,傳送到電腦到壓力值 ,同時終端壓力表顯示空氣壓力值直接 ,便于觀察。供氣壓力計顯示氣源壓力 ,壓力計調(diào)節(jié)負載控制計數(shù)器的壓力和信號控制計數(shù)器的壓力。精密調(diào)壓閥外的組合在進口閥門 ,減少組合閥進口壓力波動、穩(wěn)定進入氣室壓力 ,大大提高精度的穩(wěn)定性。精密調(diào)壓閥壓力調(diào)節(jié)壓力增加 ,壓差越大 ,信號的更快和更穩(wěn)定的風壓力上升。但精度的壓力調(diào)節(jié)閥調(diào)節(jié)壓力太高 ,不利于信號壓力下降 ,經(jīng)過多次試驗 ,精密調(diào)壓閥的壓力將被派往 700 kpa,使高壓差較高 ,信號風壓力的穩(wěn)定和快速上升 ,同時為了便于信號壓力較低的壓力降。氣體負載體積 1 l 容量可以減緩壓力和輸出波動。 三個通道控制模式 (計算機控制的自動測試系統(tǒng) ,面板按鈕手動測試系統(tǒng) ,開關(guān)閥手動測試系統(tǒng) ),更好地滿足需求的試驗臺工作。主控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理是 :電磁閥電 ,EP 閥根據(jù)制動指令 ,火車是比例閥充氣和排氣。通過物理分區(qū)失去電力 ,螺線管 ,防止氣體管道泄漏 ,實現(xiàn)列車意義上的比例閥壓力維持。 因為虛擬儀器測試軟件設置頻率較高 ,這種電路結(jié)構(gòu)通常使用 MAC 閥公司生產(chǎn)的平衡式多功能閥閥 (EP)的 測量和控制。模型 :120 b - 501 baad,140 b - 501 baad,50赫茲頻率、靈敏度高。 EP 閥只有連接電源和輸入信號 ,它不僅可以使一部分壓力 ,流向和流量控制系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成簡單 ,但也便于各種等待批準。 EP 閥的優(yōu)點是精度高、靈敏度高、可靠性高 ,可實現(xiàn)精確控制壓力管道。然而 ,如果控制模式、負載 (氣桿、氣體阻力、空氣體積 )不匹配 ,控制精度不夠 ,EP 閥泄漏問題本身同時 ,精度是在正負 10 kpa 的波動和 22號要求正負 2 kpa 試驗臺。在實驗中 ,信號壓力上升得更快 ,但到達信號壓力設定 ,由于 EP 閥電荷太快 ,理解列車荷載比例閥超載一個排水現(xiàn)象嚴重 ,如圖 3.3。信號壓力波動較大 ,不能滿足穩(wěn)定性要求。同時由于工作頻率高、頻繁開關(guān) ,容易損壞 ,而且價格偏高 ,一個 EP 閥價格在 6000元以上。 電磁閥是用來控制流體的方向的自動化基礎元件 ,屬于執(zhí)行機構(gòu) ；通常用于機械和工業(yè)控制閥門 ,以控制介質(zhì)的方向 ,從而達到控制閥門的開關(guān)。電磁鐵作為司機的導閥 ,整個元素的性能特點有重要的影響 ,無論是穩(wěn)態(tài)精度和動態(tài)響應性能、可靠性和抗干擾能力或工作都在很大程度上取決于電磁體。提高電磁鐵吸力特性的綜合表現(xiàn) ,沒有擴大規(guī)模 ,導閥外觀改善閥換向性能 ,電 磁鐵在推力克服過程中的換向閥芯運動的各種阻力 ,減少消耗功率的電磁鐵 ,節(jié)能、小型化等 ,是提升目標的電磁閥的性能。 電磁閥的選擇應該首先 ,反過來 ,遵循安全性、可靠性、適用性和經(jīng)濟的四個原則 ,第二個是基于六方面的立地條件 (管道參數(shù)和流體參數(shù)、壓力參數(shù)、電氣參數(shù)、動作方式、特殊要求選擇 )23 25。 在氣動回路 ,使用四個常見的電磁閥 ,分別控制 Cv2口信號 (Ps)和排風風 ,Cv1嘴巴總是風(銷 )充電和排氣。 由于虛擬儀器測試軟件設置頻率較高 ,一般使用 MAC 閥的平衡式多功能閥為測量和控制閥門 (EP)。模型 :120 b - 501 baad baad,140 b - 140。 50赫茲頻率 ,靈敏度高 ,價格相對較高。 普通的電磁閥的價格在 60元 /雙 ,但一般不能實現(xiàn) EP 電磁閥高頻運動 ,必須進行相應的修改。以測試計算機發(fā)送控制命令到電磁閥工作到 12 ms,開車時間太長 ,需要開車 9 10毫秒 ,開車 11赫茲頻率。因此 ,從以下兩個方面的設計驅(qū)動時間 : 改進原來的 MOS 管 +中繼模式 MOS 管驅(qū)動系統(tǒng) ；電磁閥。 為了實現(xiàn)快速吸收直流電磁鐵 ,釋放 ,有兩種類型的驅(qū)動方式 : 硬盤 (恒功率驅(qū)動程序 ): 改變行程驅(qū)動器 和所有其他磁盤 軟驅(qū)動 (功率 ): 高脈沖、高吸水 ,低水平維持在吸收、高水平。日本的豐田劍桿織機使用高驅(qū)動、低維護。軟驅(qū)動的實現(xiàn)需要額外的設備和成本 ,從經(jīng)濟的角度來看 ,本設計采用硬盤模式轉(zhuǎn)換的電磁閥硬件部分 : (1)閥口 ,從 2毫米到 1毫米 ,緩慢的氣流 ； (2)減少驅(qū)動頻率的低壓差 ； (3)適當減少電磁閥旅行 0.2毫米 ； (4)電磁閥銜鐵在每個磁盤 ,以減少電磁閥復位當剩磁。 通過改造和電磁閥控制系統(tǒng) ,利用 EP閥電磁閥更換 ,和精密的改性可以提高到正負 2 kpa,但出現(xiàn)過充現(xiàn)象 ,因此 ,可以在電磁閥進出口 ,0.75毫米孔板、熱使得氣流平。 使用四兩個雙向電磁閥和一個三通電磁閥的兩個 (而不是充電 ,安全閥 ,控制原理如下 : 1、 2、 DT DT 控制火車的感覺風的比例閥壓力信號 ,3DT、 4DT、 5 DT,控制列車荷載比例閥出口壓力 ； 當 1 DT,2DT 失去電力 ,實現(xiàn)列車荷載比例閥信號風曝氣 ； 為了防止空氣流量太大 ,出現(xiàn)超載現(xiàn)象 ,在信號風 1 DT 端常數(shù)孔塞位置 ,緩慢的流動 ,提高控制精度 ； 信號電荷發(fā)生風后 ,通過 2 DT 排氣 ,減少信號的大氣壓力 ； 3 DT 控制輸出澆注、 4 DT 的排氣空氣出口 ； 5 DT 可以實現(xiàn)信號按照要求不同的風空氣 ,但空氣流量不穩(wěn)定、 控制精度低 ； 原來的基礎上 ,進一步優(yōu)化氣體通道 ,將 5 DT 在 1 DT 常數(shù)孔塞 ,可以達到不同的要求的充電 ,也可以使用相同的常數(shù)孔塞緩慢的氣流 ,降低空氣壓力波動 ,提高控制精度。這個試驗臺已經(jīng)形成最終設計方案的氣動回路。