2020年小升初英語必背知識點歸納

2020年小升初英語必背知識點歸納小升初英語必背知識點歸納一、學生易錯詞匯：1.a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an，輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物，某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)二、形容詞比較級詳解：當我們需要對事物作出比較時，需要用到比較級。比較級的句子結(jié)構通常是：什么 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如：Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的，它的變化規(guī)則是： 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r ，如 fine finer , 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier 雙寫最后的字母再加er，如big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter注意 比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西。典型錯誤：My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長。)比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個人)，那么比較的對象就沒有可比性。應該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級專項練習:1、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.2、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.3、根據(jù)中文完成句子(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. Im than my brother.(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰比你重? than you?4、根據(jù)答句寫出問句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old.(4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.2、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.3、根據(jù)中文完成句子(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. Im than my brother.(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰比你重? than you?4、根據(jù)答句寫出問句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old.(4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.三、動詞過去式詳解動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有：A規(guī)則動詞 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d：如lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類) 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如stoppedB不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt四、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動詞的ing形式的構成規(guī)則： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting五、人稱和數(shù)：人稱代詞 物主代詞主格 賓格第一人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)復數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)第二人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)復數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)第三人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)she(她) her her(她的)it(它) it its(它的)復數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)六、句型專項歸類：1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isnt，arent”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt )。這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.小結(jié)：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上把動詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的。