新人教版八年級英語上冊期中復(fù)習(xí).doc

新人教版英語八年級上冊期中考試復(fù)習(xí)Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?u 詞組： go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 quite a few相當(dāng)多 study for為而學(xué)習(xí) go out出去 most of the time大部分時間 taste good嘗起來很好吃 have a good time doing玩得高興 of course當(dāng)然 feel like給的感覺；感受到 go shopping去購物 in the past在過去 walk around四處走走 because of因為 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on doing繼續(xù) take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up 出來 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買某物 taste + adj. 嘗起來 look + adj. 看起來 do nothingbut+動詞原形 除了之外什么都沒有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起來 arrive in+大地點 / arrive at+小地點 get to /reach到達某地 decide to do sth.決定去做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事 forget to do sth.忘記做某事 start doing sth.開始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事 Why not do. sth.?為什么不做呢？ So +adj. + that+從句 如此以至于 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 知識點 1. on vacation 度假 on vacation = on holiday 意為“度假” 2. anything interesting 一些有趣的東西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代詞。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代詞。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地點的不定代詞。 Hi, Mark. Im new here. Can you tell me about our school? Of course, Linda. A. something B. anything C. everythingD. nothing There isnt _ with your bicycle. you can ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong 2）當(dāng)形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時，放在這些詞的后面； There isnt _ with your bicycle. you can ride home A something wrong B anything wrong C wrong something D nothing wrong 3）這些不定代詞做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齊了嗎？ something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示請求或建議的疑問句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句及疑問句中。如： Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事嗎？（表疑問） Why dont you visit someone with me? 你為什么不跟我一起去拜訪下某個人呢？（表建議） 3. 提建議的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. long time no see 好久不見 5. quite a few 相當(dāng)多6、 a few 與 a little 的區(qū)別，few 與 little 的區(qū)別 a few 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞 a little 一些 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 兩者都表肯定意義 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少數(shù)的 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little 少數(shù)的 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 但兩者都表否定意義 如：He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里沒有多少糖。 There are _ people, so its very crowded (擁擠的) A quite a few B a lot C a little D few 7. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然沒有人感到煩悶。 seem意為“好像；似乎；看來”，是個連系動詞，構(gòu)成的短語有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如：They seem to talk in class. 他們似乎上課說話。 seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如：He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 從句 似乎. 如It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 8、-ed及-ing的區(qū)別 相似但有區(qū)別詞語： interested adj. 感興趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到驚奇的 surprising adj. 驚奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲憊的 excited 興奮的 exciting 令人興奮/激動的 amazed 驚訝的 amazing 令人驚訝的 worried 擔(dān)憂的 worrying 令人擔(dān)心的 relaxed 放松的 relaxing 令人放松的 bored 煩躁的 boring 令人煩躁的 11. decide 意為“決定”，是動詞。它的名詞形式為decision。構(gòu)成的短語有： decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. 決定做某事 make a decision to do sth. 決定不要做某事，要用decide not to do sth.。 如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。 Its only 19:00. we decide _ home A going B go to C not to go D not to go to 16. bring sth.to +地點，意為“帶來”，其反義詞是take。如： Please bring your book to our school. 請把你的書帶到我們學(xué)校來。 Please take your book to your school. 請把你的書帶到你的學(xué)校去 17.enough 足夠形容詞enough 如：beautiful enough足夠漂亮enough名詞如：enough food 足夠食物enough to 足夠去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. She is old enough to go to school. 她夠大去讀書了 Anna is _ to work out the problems. A.careful enough B.enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully 18. so that 如此以致于 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so后面接形容詞、副詞. that 后面跟從句。 如：She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲傷得一句話也說不出來。 19. taste good 嘗起來很好吃。taste 系動詞用法“嘗起來”后+形容詞。其他表示狀態(tài)的系動詞有：feel（覺得） keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看來像）smell（聞起來）sound（聽起來）taste（嘗起來） 系動詞與形容詞連用 The weather stays very hot。天氣非常熱。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聰明。 Jim looks like his father吉姆長得像他父親。The fish smells terrible. 這魚聞起來壞了。 That sounds a good idea。 那聽起來是個好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。這湯嘗起來非常香。 I feel sick。 我感到難受。 Keep quiet，please！ 請安靜下來！ The cookies _ good. Can I have some more? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound 語法 一般過去時 1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ He ate junk food last week .(改為否定句) 2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如： He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年時就養(yǎng)成了廣泛閱讀的習(xí)慣。 We went swimming every day last summer.去年夏天我們每天去游泳。 He often came to see me when I was in hospital.在我住院期間，他經(jīng)常來看我。一般過去時 謂語動詞變過去式的規(guī)則： 動詞情況構(gòu)成方式例詞一般情況加-ed ：playplayed, workworked，looklooked以 -e 結(jié)尾的動詞加-d ：livelived，hopehoped, arrivearrived 以輔音字母 -y 結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i加-ed ：studystudied，crycried，replyreplied以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞雙寫輔音字母加-ed ：stopstopped，regretregretted，patpatted，nodnodded，planplanned不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則變化（見附表）beginbegan，一般過去時 一般過去時態(tài)的否定和疑問： 1）謂語是實義動詞時，要借助于助動詞did We didnt see anything wonderful yesterday . Did they finish their homework last Sunday ? She didnt do any work this morning . When did he come to your school ? 2)謂語中有be或情態(tài)助動詞時，不再另加其它助動詞：There wasnt anything important in yesterdays newspaper. Could he arrive there on time ?Unit2 How often do you exercise? 詞組 help with housework幫助做家務(wù) on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月兩次 be free有空 go to the movies去看電影 use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng) play tennis打網(wǎng)球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈課和鋼琴課 go to bed early早點睡覺 play sports進行體育活動 go camping去野營 notat all一點兒也不 in ones free time在某人的業(yè)余時間 the most popular最受歡迎的 such as比如；諸如 old habits die hard積習(xí)難改 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī) more than多于；超過 less than少于 help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事 How about? .怎么樣?好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事 sb.+ find+ that從句. 某人發(fā)現(xiàn) spend time with sb.和某人一起度過時光spend time on sth/ (in) doing sth. Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人詢問某事 by doing sth. 通過做某事 the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Whats your favorite?你最喜愛的是什么？ 知識點1、want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事 My mother _me to read for 30 minutes every morning. A.wants B.makes C.has D.lets2、 How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次電視？ Twice a week. 一周兩次。 how often表示“多久一次”，是對動作的頻率進行提問?？捎糜诨卮鸨硎绢l率的副詞，如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等，或用于回答表示頻率的短語，如once a day (一天一次)，twice a week (一周兩次)，four times a month (一個月四次)，every day (每一天)等。如： do you surf the Internet?Once a week AHow many times BHow often CWhen DHow much3、疑問詞how的用法(1) howmany，howmuch表示“多少” howmany后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，howmuch接不可數(shù)名詞。Howmanytimes doyougotothepark? Howmucharethosepants? (2)how many times 詢問多少次，其答語表示次數(shù)。如：once twice，three times等 How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times.(3) How old.? 詢問年齡 How old are you? I am five. I go to school five days a week. (對畫線部分提問) (4) How about? 如何？ 怎么樣？ How about going to the movies? (5)how long 詢問多長時間，其答語表示一段時間，如：for two days，for three hours等。 How long will it take to get to the station？ About half an hour。 (6)how soon 用來詢問過多久，多久以后，其答語是in two hours，in three days等。 How soon wil he come back？ In an hour 4. be free意為“有空”是形容詞，其反義詞為“be busy”。free的另一種意思是“自由的；不受約束的”，其名詞形式為freedom。還有一個意思是“免費的”，如：They enjoy free medical care. 他們享受免費醫(yī)療。 5. be full 意為“滿的；忙的”是形容詞，其反義詞有： full(滿的) empty（空的），full(飽的)hungry（餓的）。如： I am full, so I dont want anything.我飽了，所以我不想要了。6、 eat breakfast意為“吃早飯”同義詞組為 have breakfast，其中間不加冠詞，但當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時，要加不定冠詞 a 或an。如： have a big dinner 吃一頓豐盛的晚餐 7She says its good for my health. 她說那對我的健康有益。 （1）be good for意思是“對有好處”。如： Doing exercise is good for our health. 進行鍛煉對我們的身體有好處。 【辨析】：be good for, be good at 與be good to Hes good _ swimmingSwimming is good _ his health Afor，at Bat，for Cfor，for Dat，at （2）health是一個名詞，意思是“健康”，它的形容詞形式是healthy，意思是“健康的”。如： My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多歲了，但她非常健康。 We should keep in good health.我們要保持健康。We keep _ and it keeps us _ A to swim ; health B swimming; healthy C to swim ; healthy D swimming; health 8. ask sb. (not) to do 叫(不)做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. 問某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如：ask teacher for help 向老師尋求幫助9、 go online意為“上網(wǎng)”，其同義詞為“use the Internet”。 10. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. help sb. （to）do sth. 如：They help you relax. 他們幫助你放松 11. at least 最少 原形little 比較級less 最高級least 如：we should sleep at least 8 hours.我們至少得睡8個小時 12. although為連詞，意思是“盡管；雖然”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同義詞有though。 與but作用相同，但是用法不同。特別注意英、漢在此意義上的表達區(qū)別：漢語中經(jīng)常說“雖然但是”，但在英語中，although和but不能同時使用，即“雖然”和“但是”只能用其一。如： Although I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I cant catch the early bus. 盡管我起得很早，但還是沒有趕上早班車。 Why do you look unhappy, Lucy? I cant learn math well I always work hard. A. becauseB. and C. although D. so 13. be surprised 意為“驚訝” 構(gòu)成的短語有 be surprised to do sth驚訝做某事 be surprised that + 從句 to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是如： to their surprise令他們驚訝的是to Li Leis surprise令李雷驚訝的是 14. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到12點 Why do you look unhappy, Lucy? I cant learn math well I always work hard. A. becauseB. and C. although D. so15、The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 原形good 比較級better 最高級best 如： I think the best way to relax is to listen to music. 我認為最好的休閑方式是聽音樂。 語法一、一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時主要用來表示每天、每周等經(jīng)常一直如此，長期進行下去的動作，其著眼點不在描述具體的動作，而是通過提出不斷反復(fù)的動作，來說明某一真理或某一經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的舉動。一般現(xiàn)在時的幾種主要用法 1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實、客觀存在的普遍真理、用于一般現(xiàn)在時的時間狀語常見的有：often， usually，always，sometimes， seldom，ever，never，every day（week，month，year）， once a year，now and them，from time to time。例如： The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 2）表示格言或警句 Pride goes before a fall. 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 3）表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常重復(fù)的或定期發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. We go to school every day except on Sunday.4）表示能力、性格、個性等。例如：I dont want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的幾點注意： 1）表示“感覺”和“狀態(tài)”或“關(guān)系”等的動詞（如be，like，love，hate，want，think，remember，find，sound，forget，refuse，see，allow，prove，have，matter，taste，look，feel）常用一般現(xiàn)在時，不用現(xiàn)在進行時。例如： Carl and Wang Bing are students. In the evening I love sitting by the fire and playing my guitar.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的幾點注意： 2）有時用這個時態(tài)表示“按計劃、規(guī)定，時刻表”要發(fā)生的動作，句中（都帶有時時間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動詞，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。例如： The meeting begins at seven. The train leaves at 17:40.一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的幾點注意： 3) 還要注意其動詞形式的變化。該時態(tài)主要由動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s或 -es，be和have有特殊的變化形式, be (am, is , are) have( has ) 。 一般情況在詞尾加-s ,包括以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞 workworks, runruns, playplays 在以ch，sh，x，s等輔音字母或以元音字母o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，如詞尾為-e，只加-s missmisses, finishfinishes, teachteaches, loseloses, livelives go-goes do-does 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先變y為i，在加-es studystudies , try-tries 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的幾點注意： 表示否定和疑問時： 1)實義動詞做謂語的要借助于助動詞dodoesHe doesnt like his new school.Does he speak English well ? Do you/they-?Where does she live ?Where do they live ?2)謂語中有be動詞或情態(tài)助動詞的，不能再加其它助動詞There isnt any rice in the bag .We cant do anything but wait.Where are you now ?Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister 詞組 more outgoing更外向 asas與一樣 the singing competition唱歌比賽 be similar to與相像的/類似的 the same as和相同；與一致 be different from與不同 care about關(guān)心；介意 be like a mirror像一面鏡子 the most important最重要的 make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch ones heart感動某人 be talented in music有音樂天賦 be good at擅長 be good for對有好處 be good with善于與相處 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的樂趣 be good at doing sth擅長做某事 reach for伸手取 in fact事實上；實際上 bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 get better grades取得更好的成績 as long as只要；既然 make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 as+adj./adv.的原級+as 與一樣 Its+ adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說，做某事的。 知識點 1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的頭發(fā)比薩姆的短。 than 比（用于形容詞，副詞的比較級之后） 當(dāng)兩個人或者物進行比較時，要用形容詞的比較級?！氨容^級 + than” 表示“比.更.”。一般形容詞或副詞的比較級是在詞后加-er。但要注意比較的對象。如： I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。 His hair is shorter than Sams. 他的頭發(fā)比薩姆的短。 This book is more interesting than that one.這本書比那本書有趣。 連詞成句 more the his than outgoing boy is sister 形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級：1）原級（不作比較），修飾詞 so, too,very, pretty, really； 2)比較級，表示“較”或“更”的意思（兩者之間進行比較）, 標(biāo)志詞than, A or B, of the two, 修飾詞much, a lot, a little,even； 3）最高級，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比較），形容詞最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶in（of）短語來什么比較的范圍。 Mike did_( badly）in the competition in his class and the teacher was angry What bad weather! Yes. The radio says it will be even tomorrow. A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst This sweater is not expensive. And the price of it is the _of the three. A.lowest B.biggest C.highest D.smallest 備注：（1）比較級前可加much, far, even , still, a lot, a little, a bit 等詞修飾，不可加very. (2) 比較級+and +比較級（越來越.) 如 taller and taller或more and more popular (3) The + 比較級，the +比較級（越.就越.) Eg.The more books she reads, the better she understands. 2. 反意疑問句 肯定陳述句否定提問如：Lily is a student, isnt she? 否定陳述句肯定提問 如：She doesnt come from China, does she? 提問部分用代詞而不用名詞如：Lily is a student, isnt she? 陳述句中含有否定意義的詞，如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑問句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?他一點也不懂英語，不是嗎？ They hardly understood it, did they? 他們幾乎不明白，不是嗎？ 3、 laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我! 4、 Theyre both tall. 他們兩個都是高個子。 both adj./pron./adv. 兩個都用在be 動詞后，行為動詞前。 You are both too young. They both speak English. Both of .+名詞復(fù)數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)謂語） Both of the flowers are beautiful. 兩朵花都很漂亮。 bothand兩者都（復(fù)數(shù)謂語） 反義詞組：neithernor兩者都不（謂語單復(fù)數(shù)按照就近原則） Tara and her sister_ quiet and they _ sports. A. are both, both like B. are both, like both C. both are, both like D. both are, like both 【友情鏈接】 both 與 all both 指代兩者； all指代三者或三者以上 如： My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。 We are all here。 我們都在這兒。 4、be like意為“像”，這里的like是介詞。如： She is like her mother 。 她長得像他媽媽。 like 做動詞，意為“喜歡”，構(gòu)成短語like sth. 喜歡某物 like sb. 喜歡某人 like to do sth. 喜歡做某事 如：I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜歡交像我一樣的朋友。 like doing sth. 5、 need 是動詞，需要。 need sth.需要 Plant needs water。 need to do sth. 需要做 You didnt need to tell him the news，it just made him sad. need doing sth. Flowers need watering。 as long as 只要；既然。 You dont need a lot of friends as long as theyre good. 你不需要很多朋友，只要他們好就可以了 6、.Its not necessary to be the same.完全一樣是沒有必要的。 Its + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth. 意為“某人做某事怎么樣” 如：It is easy for me to make friends. 我交朋友很容易。7、My friend is the same as me.我的朋友和我一樣。 be the same as “和一樣”。反義詞組：be different from“ 與.不同的” 如： My bike is different from yours.= My bike is not the same as yours. 我的系行車和你的不一樣。8、-How do you go to school? -On foot. Our school is my house. A. different from B. far away C. close to D. the same as 9、 takeseriously serious 意為“嚴肅的；認真的；嚴重的” be serious about sth. 如： He was serious about the matter. 他對那件事很認真。 be serious with sb. 如： Theres nothing much serious with you. 對你來說沒那么嚴重 10. touch ones heart 感動某人11. be talented in music 有音樂天賦12. however 意為“然而；但是”You didnt finish your homework. You can, however, do it now. 你還沒有完成家庭作業(yè)，但是現(xiàn)在你可以寫了。13. hard-working意為“努力的”其比較級為 more hard-working 意為“更努力”，less hard-working 意為“不努力”。14. be similar to.意為“與.相似”。My pen is similar to yours. 我的鋼筆和你的相似。Unit4 Whats the best movie theater? 詞組 movie theater電影院 close to離近 clothes store服裝店 in town在鎮(zhèn)上 so far到目前為止 talent show才藝表演 10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽車10分鐘的路程 .and so on等等 have. in common共同；共有 be up to sb. (to do sth.)是的職責(zé)；由決定(去做某事） make up編造（故事、謊言等，人做主語） be made up 被編造（事物做主語） play a role in doing sth在方面發(fā)揮作用/有影響 for example例如 around the world世界各地；全世界 all kinds of各種各樣的 not everybody并不是每個人 takeseriously認真對待 give sb. sth=give sth. to sb.給某人某物 come true（夢想、希望）實現(xiàn)；達到 How do you like? 你認為怎么樣？ =What do you think of.? Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感謝。 play a role in doing sth.發(fā)揮做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色 the +序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+名詞 如： He is the second tallest boy in the class. one of the +最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù) （最.之一，做主語時看做單數(shù)) 如One of the longest rivers in China is the Yellow River. Jim is taller than any other boy in his class . (改同義句) Alan比Bob高, Alan比較安靜，Bob比他更外向。 Alan 頭發(fā)較短而Bob頭發(fā)較長。 Alan一周鍛煉2次但Bob一周鍛煉3次。 Alan想當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家而Bob期望成為一名演員What do you think of 970 AM? (改為同義句) - _ did you _the summer vacation? - It was terrible. I have too much homework to do A. What; think B How liked C How; think of D How ; feel aboutUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show? learn from從獲得；向?qū)W習(xí) find out查明；弄清 go on發(fā)生 try ones best盡某人最大努力 be famous as+職業(yè) 作為有名 be famous for+原因 因為而有名 have a discussion about sth. 就某事討論 discuss sth. with sb.與某人討論某事 one day有一天 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.s place代替；替換 do a good job干得好 let /make/have sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 plan to do sth.計劃/打算做某事 make