大學英語綜合教程 1 unit8

UNIT 8 EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMSText A Fable of the Lazy TeenagerPre-reading Do you know any fables? What are they?Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, The Fox and the Stork. Picture Fable TalkingDirections:1. Work in groups 2. Rebuild the fables according to the pictures and key words 3. Select a presenter for your group4. Tell your fable to the class and the moral lessonPicture Fable TalkingPicture Fable TalkingDraw a Snake and Add Feet to ItLong long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing ,so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, Who has ever seen a snake with feet?”Picture Fable TalkingGoing too far is as bad as not going far enough.Picture Fable TalkingPicture Fable TalkingThe Fox and the CrowOne day a crow stood on a branch near her nest and felt very happy with the meat in her mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crows beautiful voice. “I am sure your voice is even more beautiful than your feathers,” said the Fox. “Wont you sing a song for me, Queen of Birds?” The Crow was so pleased she could hardly sit still. She lifted her head high, closed her eyes and opened her beak to sing: CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W. The meat fell to the ground, right in front of the Fox. Picture Fable TalkingNever trust a flatter.Picture Fable TalkingPicture Fable TalkingThe Milkmaid and Her PailA milkmaid was going to the market. She carried her milk in a pail on her head. She dreamt about the eggs she would buy when she sold the milk. The eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she earned, she would buy fine clothes for herself. “ Ill buy a new dress, and when I go to the ball, all the young men will dance with me!” As she spoke she tossed her head back. The pail immediately fell off her head, and all the milk was spilt. The girl went back without anything. She felt very sad. ah, my child, said her mother. “Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. Picture Fable TalkingDo not count your chickens before they are hatched.A Brief Introduction to Fable The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.” The greatest teller of fables was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop. Some of their best-known fables are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well , His Spear against His Shield , Making His Mark.Typical features of fablesShort talesNot based on factsIntended to give a moral lessonNot stated directly but deduced by readersText A Fable of the Lazy TeenagerPart DivisionPart I: (para. 1-para.10) Personal experience and his response & comment on the phenomenon.Part II(para. 11-para. 24) Weave a fable to offer a moral lesson InterviewSuppose you are a journalist and your partner is the author of the text. You have an interview with him. The interview should cover the following points:1. the happening in the drugstore the reason why the author went there; a dialogue between the salesgirl and him2. the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such as ignorance, poor ability of calculations and other things3. something about the son of the authors friend4. the authors purpose of offering a fablePart 1Questions and Answers1. Why did the author go to the drugstore one day? He wanted to buy some file folders. 2. How old was the salesgirl?3. What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic (心算)?Under 20 years old.She was very surprised at it.5. What was the author?He was a teacher at a college. 4. Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?Yes. Maybe she believed it because she could never do that. 6. What did the author think of American teenagers?He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledgeof world history and geography.Questions and Answers7. In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?8. Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?9. According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant labor force in a modern industrial state? They were indifferent to their ignorance.He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.There would be many problems in society such asplane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars.Questions and Answers10. What was the authors purpose of offering a fable? He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.Questions and Answersrun out of: use up or finish a supply of (sth.) To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home. When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more. 1. What is the meaning of the phrase “such an experience”?The phrase “such an experience” means “the salesgirls ignorance.”No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.2. Paraphrase the sentence.Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.modest: adj. immodest A modest little house1) Not very large/ expensive/important,etc.2) Not talking much about your own abilities or possessionsShe is very modest about her success.3) Of people, especially women, or their clothes, shy about showing much of the body, not intended to attract attention.A modest dress Adv. ModestlyYou really must be very good at what you do. I suppose I am, Kate said modestly.upset: vt. They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage. 1) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy.be upset by / about Pattern: 2) make ill in the stomachThe foreign food upset me / my stomach. 3) knock over, causing confusionThe boy upset the glass of milk. Her plans were upset by the change in the weather. Collocation:ignorant: adj. knowing little or nothingShe was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities. Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him.ignorant about / of 在在方面無知的方面無知的Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming. 我對計算機一竅不通。Im rather ignorant about computer. sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.) My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class.Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “Terrible.” accumulate: v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time; make or become greater in quantity or sizeI have accumulated many books over the last few years. Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room. Collocation：積累大量資料積累大量資料 accumulate a huge mass of data 積累經(jīng)驗積累經(jīng)驗 accumulate experience 積攢一筆財富積攢一筆財富 accumulate a fortune 積聚一大批藏書積聚一大批藏書 accumulate a good library 兩者均可指積聚大量的東西。accumulate 強調(diào)經(jīng)年累月地點滴積累。例如：Through the years he accumulated sufficient money to buy a farm when he retired. He soon amassed sufficient evidence to support his case. 經(jīng)過多年積攢，他有了足夠的錢在退休時買下一個農(nóng)場。accumulate & amass CF:amass 指在較短的時間內(nèi)積聚到大量東西，尤指為自己而積聚。例如：指在較短的時間內(nèi)積聚到大量東西，尤指為自己而積聚。例如： 他不久便收集到足夠的證據(jù)來為他的案子辯護。affect: vt. More than seven million people have been affected by the drought. 1) have an influence on 2) cause feelings of sorrow, anger, love, etc, in (sb.)Martin Luther Kings speech deeply affected the audience. Nothing you say will affect my decision. 這里這三個詞都作為動詞進行比較。 affect 表示“影響”，以被影響的人或物作賓語。大致可分為兩種情況：1）“使起變化”，沒有好或壞的意思；2）“對發(fā)生不良影響”。例如：affect , effect & influence CF:無論你說什么都不會影響我的決定。The small amount of rain last year affected the growth of crops. 去年雨少影響了莊稼的生長。The new hairdo effected a startling change in her appearance. Effect n. have an effect on用作及物動詞表示“產(chǎn)生，招致”或“實現(xiàn)”，以“改進，變化”等類的詞作賓語。例如：這新發(fā)式使她的外貌產(chǎn)生了驚人的變化。Such films have a dangerous influence on children.My teacher influenced my decision to study science. Influence n. 指對行為指對行為、性格或觀點等產(chǎn)生潛移默化、性格或觀點等產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響的影響 v.影響可好可壞。影響可好可壞。Influence sb. /sth. 例如例如： CF:The boy is really idle; he just sits around the house all day. idle: adj. 1) lazy 2) not working Men are left idle when machines break down. 3) of no use His words were just idle threats; he cant harm us. Collocation：stand / lie idle 閑著閑著The machinery stood idle for a month. break down: The elevators in this building are always breaking down. Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.1) stop working 2) fail 3) destroy; reduce or be reduced to pieces They broke the door down. Collocation：逃走，逃脫逃走，逃脫 break away 闖入，強行進入；打斷；插嘴闖入，強行進入；打斷；插嘴 break in 闖入，強行進入闖入，強行進入 break into 逃脫，逃出；突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)逃脫，逃出；突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā) break out 突破突破 break through 打碎；結束；解散；（學校）開始放假打碎；結束；解散；（學校）開始放假 break up drive home: make (sth.) clear so that people understand it Peter was lazy. His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie. 我們必須使他徹底明白困難在哪里。 drive sth. home (to sb.) Pattern: Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain year. Match the picture with the description and then tell the class how this Kevin livesPart 2BDGECFAKevin 2050 ( )Kevin 1835 ( )Kevin 1928 ( )Kevin 1945 ( )Kevin 1966 ( )Kevin 1990 ( )Kevin 2020 ( )ABCDEFG Kevin 1835, a poor peasant in Ireland Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966, a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory Kevin 2020, a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for foodHow this Kevin livesbetter off: richer than you were before; more comfortable Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont. 現(xiàn)在，中國人的生活比以前強多了。Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be. scared: adj. frightened (often followed by of / to / that-clause) The lady has always been scared of snakes. Im scared to fly in a plane. Im scared that it might crash. adequate: adj. enough (often followed by to or for) Is the transport system adequate to deliver the food to remote areas? 對于初學者來說，這本書也夠用了。For the use of beginners, the book is adequate. Her knowledge of English was adequate for the job.CF:adequate, enough & sufficient 三詞均表示“足夠的”。adequate 指“能夠滿足特定的或最起碼的要求的,符合一個客觀標準,兼有適當?shù)囊馑?enough 指“能夠滿足一種欲望或需要”，比較偏重數(shù)量，并可放在所形容的名詞后面。例如： Are there enough apples for everyone? sufficient 具有與具有與 enough 相同的意思，只是更為正式，并較強調(diào)程度。相同的意思，只是更為正式，并較強調(diào)程度。 Fill in the blanks with the adequate, enough or sufficient. 1) We havent got _ information from which to draw a conclusion.2) The pianist gave an _ performance.3) There is _food for six people.4) I hope you will prove _ to the job. sufficient adequate enough adequate CF:What can we infer from the fact that the factory in which Kevin 2020s father works is owned by the Japanese not the Chinese or people from other countries?It can be inferred that in the authors opinion the Japanese are the symbol of success because of their hard work, education and discipline.Kevin 2020s father, who is of course Kevin 1990 himself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese. 1. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 那人跟凱文解釋說，如果一個人沒有錢，教育能提供那人跟凱文解釋說，如果一個人沒有錢，教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。 2. Do you agree with that mans opinion? Why or why not?The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. There are three words of “discipline” in this text (Para. 19, Para.20, Para. 21). Tell the different meanings of them in Chinese.The first “discipline” (Para. 19) means “訓練”, the second (Para. 20) means “紀律” and the last one (Para. 21) means “約束”. astonish: vt. surprise very much; amazeThey were greatly astonished at the extraordinary beauty of the picture. We were astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test. 這三個詞在表示“使驚異”時，意義相近，一般以事物或人作主語；以人作主語時，一般用被動語態(tài)。它們的主要區(qū)別在于：astonish 特指不可能解釋的事發(fā)生后使人產(chǎn)生較強的驚異感情。astonish 表示驚異的時間較 surprise 長久。例如：CF:astonish, amaze, & surprise They were astonished at / by the news of his escape.他們對他逃跑的消息感到吃驚。 I was amazed at / by her calmness. amaze 指帶有迷惑或贊美的驚奇，是意義很強的詞。例如：指帶有迷惑或贊美的驚奇，是意義很強的詞。例如： 我對她的冷靜感到驚訝。（含有“欽佩”之意）surprise 著重因意外之事或特殊的事而產(chǎn)生的突然反應。著重因意外之事或特殊的事而產(chǎn)生的突然反應。例如：例如： Her frank answer surprised him. 她坦率的回答使他感到驚訝。 CF:miracle: n. an amazing or wonderful event, esp. sth. that happens unexpectedlyThere was a severe earthquake in that area, but by a miracle, no one was killed in it. The teacher told me that itd be a miracle if I passed the examination. It was a miracle that the pilot landed the plane in that snowstorm. marvel：側重異乎尋常，奇怪，從而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被認為是人力所辦不到的奇異之事。wonder：通常指使人驚奇的事跡、人物或景觀，主要指人創(chuàng)造的奇跡。For a woman of 85, she still has all her faculties.2) all the teachers of a university or collegeIt is a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people. faculty: n. 1) mental and physical abilitiesAfter seven years of study, he succeeded in joining the faculty of Columbia University. “Sorry, Pop,” Kevin 1990 says. “I have to study.”1. Why does the boy say so?Because his dream makes him know the importance of education and he has made up his mind to study hard. 2. Can you imagine his fathers reaction to the boys answer? Useful expressionsUseful Expressions 1. 用完了 run out of 2. 一大把 a handful of 3. 為感到難過 be upset by 4. 私立大學 a private college 5. 問題的一小部分 a tiny slice of the problem 6. 對毫不在乎 a chilling indifference about 7. 跟競爭 compete with at some point soon way of life manual work drive home a humble suggestion as the story opens go shopping for 8. 用不了多久的某個時候 9. 生活方式10. 體力勞動11. 使徹底認識到 12. 愚見13. 故事開始時 14. 去商店買 15. 使某人入睡 put sb. to sleep 16. 固定工資 steady wages 17. 他把希望寄托在身上 his hope lies in 18. 比的境遇好多了 be far better off than 19. 從廢墟中站起來 rise from the ashes 20. 躍入眼簾catch ones eyeText analysis1. Style study: parallelismfigure of speechParallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. This method adds balance and rhythm to sentences, giving ideas a smoother flow and thus persuasiveness, because of the repetition it employs. (1)Planes will crash. Computers will jam. Cars will break down. (Line 28)(2)He is always hot, always hungry, always scared.(line54)He lives in a slum where (3)there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy. (line79)For example: The neighbor may steal your money, your friend may cheat you, your wife may leave you, your son may neglect you, but your dog will be with you, whether you are rich or poor.Class work: parallelismat least 3 sentences2. Cause and Effect Essay Writing Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (cause) and what happens as a result (effect). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay:1)Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes, ask, “Why did this happen?” To identify effects, ask, “What happened because of this?”2)Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introduce your main idea, using the terms “cause” and/or “effect” . 3)Find and organize supporting details. Back up your thesis with relevant and sufficient details that are organized.4)Use appropriate transitions. To blend details smoothly in cause and effect essays, use the transitional words and phrases. A Sample Stamp-collecting is an excellent hobby for many reasons. First, everyone, young and old, can participate. Second, it is not expensive. Expensive equipment is not necessary. Third, stamp-collecting can enrich peoples knowledge in history and geography. Finally, time, patience and interest are the only requirements of this fascinating and educational hobby. It is probably the most widespread of all hobbies. Some Common Connectorsis responsible for is the reason for leads to brings about causesresults in produces contributes to 1)effect (lung cancer.) cause (Smoking) occurs from results from follows from is due to is a result of effect (Lung cancer) cause(smoking.) 2)3)cause (He smokes heavily.) Therefore / Hence, So / Thus, Consequently, As a result, As a consequence, effect ( he gets lung cancer.) they are attracted by foreign culture_ . a good knowledge of English will help students get a better job when they graduate from the university. You are required to complete the following paragraph. Students study English for different reasons. The first reason is that students may need English to read articles and textbooks about their subjects in English. The second reason is that many students study English because they have to! English is part of school curriculum. _ _Another reason is that The last reason is possibly that As a consequence,_ they are studying English hard to know more about the English-speaking people and countries. _愛是什么？一個精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風兒若有若無。一只鳥兒飛過來，停在枝上，望著遠處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問道：“你愛這稻谷嗎？”“愛。”“為什么？”“它驅(qū)趕我的饑餓?！兵B兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤的羽毛。“現(xiàn)在你愛這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥兒抬頭望著遠處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛那一灣泉水，我有點渴了?！本`摘下一片樹葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥兒喝完泉水，準備振翅飛去?！罢堅倩卮鹞乙粋€問題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥兒停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事嗎？我這里又稻谷也有泉水。”“我要去那片開著風信子的山谷，去看那朵風信子?！薄盀槭裁?？它能驅(qū)趕你的饑餓？”“不能?！薄八茏虧櫮愕母煽?？”“不能?！睈凼鞘裁?？一個精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風兒若有若無。一只鳥兒飛過來，停在枝上，望著遠處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問道：“你愛這稻谷嗎？”“愛?！薄盀槭裁?？”“它驅(qū)趕我的饑餓?！兵B兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤的羽毛?！艾F(xiàn)在你愛這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥兒抬頭望著遠處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛那一灣泉水，我有點渴了?！本`摘下一片樹葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥兒喝完泉水，準備振翅飛去。“請再回答我一個問題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥兒停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事嗎？我這里又稻谷也有泉水?！薄拔乙ツ瞧_著風信子的山谷，去看那朵風信子?！薄盀槭裁?？它能驅(qū)趕你的饑餓？”“不能?！薄八茏虧櫮愕母煽?？”“不能?！逼鋵崳郎献顪嘏恼Z言，“ 不是我愛你，而是在一起?！?所以懂得才是最美的相遇！只有彼此以誠相待，彼此尊重，相互包容，相互懂得，才能走的更遠。相遇是緣，相守是愛。緣是多么的妙不可言，而懂得又是多么的難能可貴。否則就會錯過一時，錯過一世！擇一人深愛，陪一人到老。一路相扶相持，一路心手相牽，一路笑對風雨。在平凡的世界，不求愛的轟轟烈烈；不求誓言多么美麗；唯愿簡單的相處，真心地付出，平淡地相守，才不負最美的人生；不負善良的自己。人海茫茫，不求人人都能刻骨銘心，但求對人對己問心無愧，無怨無悔足矣。大千世界，與萬千人中遇見，只是相識的開始，只有彼此真心付出，以心交心，以情換情，相知相惜，才能相伴美好的一生，一路同行。然而，生活不僅是詩和遠方，更要面對現(xiàn)實。如果曾經(jīng)的擁有，不能天長地久，那么就要學會華麗地轉身，學會忘記。忘記該忘記的人，忘記該忘記的事兒，忘記苦樂年華的悲喜交集。人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺。對于離開的人，不必折磨自己脆弱的生命，虛度了美好的朝夕；不必讓心靈痛苦不堪，弄丟了快樂的自己。擦汗眼淚，告訴自己，日子還得繼續(xù)，誰都不是誰的唯一，相信最美的風景一直在路上。人生，就是一場修行。你路過我，我忘記你；你有情，他無意。誰都希望在正確的時間遇見對的人，然而事與愿違時，你越渴望的東西，也許越是無情無義地棄你而去。所以美好的愿望，就會像肥皂泡一樣破滅，只能在錯誤的時間遇到錯的人。歲月匆匆像一陣風，有多少故事留下感動。愿曾經(jīng)的相遇，無論是錦上添花，還是追悔莫及；無論是青澀年華的懵懂賞識，還是成長歲月無法躲避的經(jīng)歷愿曾經(jīng)的過往，依然如花芬芳四溢，永遠無悔歲月賜予的美好相遇。其實，人生之路的每一段相遇，都是一筆財富，尤其親情、友情和愛情。在漫長的旅途上，他們都會豐富你的生命，使你的生命更充實，更真實；豐盈你的內(nèi)心，使你的內(nèi)心更慈悲，更善良。所以生活的美好，緣于一顆善良的心，愿我們都能善待自己和他人。一路走來，愿相親相愛的人，相濡以沫，同甘共苦，百年好合。愿有情有意的人，不離不棄，相惜相守，共度人生的每一個朝夕直到老得哪也去不了，依然是彼此手心里的寶，感恩一路有你！