高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)論文 如何提高高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力成績(jī)

農(nóng)村中學(xué)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力現(xiàn)狀分析及教學(xué)策略在現(xiàn)在江蘇省的英語(yǔ)高考中，聽(tīng)力考試為20分，在高考試卷中占的比分是六分之一，僅次于閱讀和作文兩個(gè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)，其重要性由此可見(jiàn)。因此，分析聽(tīng)力考試的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)考策略對(duì)于學(xué)生挺立水平的提高及英語(yǔ)教學(xué)都具有重要的意義。一、 聽(tīng)力考試的考查特點(diǎn)高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的目的是考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語(yǔ)的能力。聽(tīng)力理解材料不同與閱讀材料，它的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)不如書(shū)面語(yǔ)言那么嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、正式、規(guī)范，屬于交際性語(yǔ)言。它來(lái)源與生活，具有口語(yǔ)特征，諸如重音，略音、拖長(zhǎng)音、被打斷、語(yǔ)序顛倒、猶豫、停頓、重復(fù)與思考等，句子簡(jiǎn)短，話(huà)題自然，語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)純正。1.語(yǔ)速特點(diǎn)：聽(tīng)力部分的朗讀速度約為每分鐘4245個(gè)單詞，低于或相當(dāng)于高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱中規(guī)定的語(yǔ)速。2.語(yǔ)音特點(diǎn)：在高考英語(yǔ)的考試說(shuō)明中，并沒(méi)有對(duì)聽(tīng)力部分的語(yǔ)音做出任何規(guī)定。這兩年高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力試題一般都是英音。但是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)一定要體現(xiàn)出其真實(shí)性、交際性和實(shí)用性。所以，以后的聽(tīng)力部分肯定也會(huì)出現(xiàn)美音，澳大利亞式英語(yǔ)發(fā)音，甚至還會(huì)有背景音。3.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)：來(lái)源于生活，體現(xiàn)生活，和我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钣忻芮新?lián)系。具體涉及到的話(huà)題有：?jiǎn)柭?，?gòu)物，助人，詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間，問(wèn)候，新聞，約會(huì)，打電話(huà)，等等。話(huà)題的內(nèi)容基本上都是在教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的高中生英語(yǔ)知識(shí)與能力要求的范圍內(nèi)。4.試題特點(diǎn)：試題包括簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話(huà)、對(duì)話(huà)、獨(dú)白等題型，共分兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)是五段短對(duì)話(huà)（一般為一問(wèn)一答形式），每段對(duì)話(huà)后設(shè)一個(gè)小題（共5小題，每小題1分），要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話(huà)的錄音材料僅讀一遍。第二節(jié)是五段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后設(shè)幾個(gè)小題（共15小題，每小題1分），要求考生從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白的錄音材料讀兩遍。對(duì)話(huà)部分由一男一女朗讀（一般為英音），談話(huà)雙方的聲音特點(diǎn)明顯不同，身份明確；考生實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力理解時(shí)間一般控制為20分鐘左右。無(wú)論是上述哪一種類(lèi)型的試題，都將放在真實(shí)的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查，而不會(huì)把脫離語(yǔ)境的語(yǔ)言材料作為考試內(nèi)容。（1）要求考生對(duì)特定情景中的對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白的整體輸入和理解。聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。(2020年江蘇高考卷)W: Good morning, everybody. Today for our writing class, we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us. A well know writer in this country, he is going to share with us his writing experiences. Now, Henry, please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories.M: Ok, I watch people a lot, I do that when I travel, I have been to many countries such as Britain, Italy, and Sweden. So I spent a lot of time at the airports, while waiting for my flights, I watch people passing by and start my imagination. For example, the other day when I was waiting for my flight to Greece, I saw a couple, they were buying magazines at that moment, they were not wearing business clothes, but the man was carrying a suitcase, every few seconds, the women looked around, I wondered someone was following them. Perhaps they were running away and, you know, this reminded me of a story in the newspaper that day: a banker stole one million ponds a week before and disappeared with his wife, there was a picture of them in the paper, the couple really looked like the thieves, maybe I should stop them. Just then, I saw them say goodbye to each other. And the women walked away. Well, sometimes I make mistakes like that, but I find things like that very useful for my writing,17What does Mr. Henry Stone do?AA bank clerk BA teacher CA writer18What does Henry like doing at airports?AWatching people BTelling stories CReading magazines19What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day?AA valuable suitcase was missing BA man stole money from a bank CA woman ran away from home20Why was the woman at the airport? AShe was traveling on business BShe was seeing the man off（2）要求考生對(duì)特定情景中表達(dá)的信息有效的輸入和準(zhǔn)確的理解。(2020年江蘇高考卷)M: Excuse me, I think you are in my seat.W: Sorry, but it says 7A on my boarding card.M: Oh, uh, right, I asked for window seat, you see.W: yes, so did I, whats your seat number?M: Lets see, oh, its 8A.W: Yes, I guess you are in the seat behind me.M : Oh, yes, sorry about that.6What is the man doing?AChanging seats on the plane BAsking for a window seat CTrying to find his seat 7What is the womans seat number?A6A B7A C8A（3）考查考生同時(shí)存貯和加工多條信息的能力聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。(2020年江蘇高考卷)M: I am sure youve noticed a lot of things that are different about our school.W: Oh, yes, in the United States, we dont have to carry a big school bag with us like you do.M: Why is that?W: We have a locker of our own which is a small box with a lock within textbooks and our personal things in it. I just bring a day pack to school.M: A day pack?W: Yes, it is a small bag which you carry on your back.M: What do you carry in it?W: My notebooks, or a few books for homework.M: Thats convenient. Is there anything else youve noticed about our school?W: Yes, I am surprised that everyone is so silent in class.M: What do you mean?W: Well, we usually ask questions about exams, homework or textbooks on the first day of the school year. The teachers like such questions.M: So you thought it different.W: Yes, I expected to see a lot of discussions in class, because we learned that way in the United States.M: I see, that would be a good topic for our school newspaper for the fist month of the term. Nice talking with you. See you around. Bye.W: Bye.13What is a daypack?AA box BA bag CA lock14What surprises the girl at school? AA lot of discussions in class BTeachers giving little homeworkCFew students asking questions in class15At what time of the school term does the conversation most probably take place?AAt the end of itBIn the middle of itCAt the beginning of it16What do we know about the girl? AShe is new to the schoolBShe writes for the school newspaper CShe seldom asks questions in class二、提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的策略首先，在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，要注重方法的積累。1、要有意識(shí)地給自己營(yíng)造一個(gè)“練耳朵”的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。學(xué)語(yǔ)言需要有一個(gè)可供學(xué)習(xí)者反復(fù)磨練的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的嬰兒，不用進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練，便可自然而然地慢慢聽(tīng)懂周?chē)怂v的話(huà)，其原因在于他們一生下來(lái)便有了一個(gè)天然的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。而我國(guó)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者不僅沒(méi)有這一得天獨(dú)厚的條件，相反還要受到與英語(yǔ)完全不同的漢語(yǔ)和漢文化環(huán)境的影響。為了彌補(bǔ)這一先天不足，我們應(yīng)該利用一切手段營(yíng)造一個(gè)可供自己“練耳朵”的英語(yǔ)環(huán)境。比如用錄音帶進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。它投資小，更換方便，且宜保存，而更重要的是它能滿(mǎn)足聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中最基本的“反復(fù)播放”，“反復(fù)訓(xùn)練”的要求。在我們學(xué)校，每周二、四、日晚讀時(shí)間給全校學(xué)生統(tǒng)一播放聽(tīng)力。學(xué)生從入校開(kāi)始到高三畢業(yè)，三年訓(xùn)練下來(lái)，大部分學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力成績(jī)得到了有效的提高。2、 朗讀練聽(tīng)力。讀是聽(tīng)的基礎(chǔ)，語(yǔ)感也是通過(guò)朗讀來(lái)培養(yǎng)的。許國(guó)璋老先生曾有一句話(huà)，把語(yǔ)音學(xué)好了以后就會(huì)嘗到甜頭的。這句話(huà)是千真萬(wàn)確的，只有會(huì)正確讀出口來(lái)才會(huì)聽(tīng)懂。讓每一個(gè)詞的發(fā)音在大腦里留有一個(gè)印象，再一次聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞時(shí)，就會(huì)與大腦里的那個(gè)印象相契合并且迅速做出反應(yīng)，這樣就容易聽(tīng)懂得多了。所以，掌握準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)音、語(yǔ)法及大量詞匯是非常必要的。聽(tīng)力是一種接受性技能，與語(yǔ)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法和背景知識(shí)等關(guān)系密切。試設(shè)想，如果你的語(yǔ)音不準(zhǔn)，甚至錯(cuò)誤，你又怎能聽(tīng)懂正確的發(fā)音呢？因此必須有敏銳的辨音能力和一定的詞匯量。從句子固定的結(jié)構(gòu)和句型中，進(jìn)行正確的聽(tīng)覺(jué)反饋，才能聽(tīng)懂別人的內(nèi)容。3、要牢牢把握“精聽(tīng)”與“泛聽(tīng)”的有機(jī)結(jié)合。精講的是質(zhì)，泛講的是量，只有兩者有機(jī)結(jié)合才能產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)的質(zhì)量。精聽(tīng)時(shí)要有螞蟻啃骨頭的精神，對(duì)精聽(tīng)音帶中的每一篇文章都要逐詞、逐句、逐段地聽(tīng)出來(lái)，遇到聽(tīng)不懂或聽(tīng)不清之處，最好不要輕易去翻看書(shū)中原文，而要靠自己的耐心和毅力，從反反復(fù)復(fù)的練聽(tīng)中判斷出其準(zhǔn)確的意思。通篇內(nèi)容基本聽(tīng)懂后，可以再一邊聽(tīng)一邊將全文筆錄下來(lái)，然后對(duì)照書(shū)中原文，看看筆錄有什么問(wèn)題，分析其原因是語(yǔ)音、拼音、詞匯還是語(yǔ)法？然后有的放矢地加以解決。之后，還要做一遍“邊聽(tīng)邊譯”訓(xùn)練，然后再對(duì)照書(shū)中所附的參考譯文，以檢驗(yàn)自己聽(tīng)力理解的程度并找出問(wèn)題。此外，在精聽(tīng)中遇到的生詞或詞語(yǔ)，均應(yīng)設(shè)法消化吸收。精聽(tīng)一定要和泛聽(tīng)相結(jié)合，而且在內(nèi)容上要有聯(lián)系。泛聽(tīng)講究的是聽(tīng)的速度、數(shù)量以及對(duì)文章的整體理解，而不是糾纏于某一詞、某一句的含義在進(jìn)行這種“精聽(tīng)”訓(xùn)練時(shí)，您需要特別注意四點(diǎn)。     第一點(diǎn)是：某些英語(yǔ)單詞的弱讀。比如介詞of，它的音標(biāo)是ov(ohot中間的那個(gè)元音)，但它通常被弱化成ev(emaker的第二個(gè)元音)，有時(shí)甚至被弱化成v或f，您在“精聽(tīng)”一條新聞時(shí)，一定要把所有的弱讀單詞聽(tīng)出來(lái)。第二點(diǎn)是：某些英語(yǔ)單詞的連讀。比如在“精聽(tīng)”時(shí)，聽(tīng)到一個(gè)生詞，發(fā)音好象是notatal，不像是外國(guó)的人名、地名，而且英漢詞典中也查不到，這時(shí)，您就應(yīng)當(dāng)想到，它很可能是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)單詞的連讀，按照這個(gè)思路，您應(yīng)當(dāng)猜出它是not at all。     第三點(diǎn)是：某些單音節(jié)的英語(yǔ)單詞。多音節(jié)的單詞，比如foreign、minister、information等，由于音節(jié)多，很容易聽(tīng)出來(lái)，比較麻煩的是那些單音節(jié)單詞，比如did、was、him等，只有一個(gè)音節(jié)，發(fā)音時(shí)間短促，很容易被忽略，因此在“精聽(tīng)”時(shí)，一定要重點(diǎn)識(shí)別這些單音節(jié)單詞。    第四點(diǎn)是：?jiǎn)卧~與頭腦的同步。弱讀、連讀、單音節(jié)單詞這三個(gè)問(wèn)題解決之后，最后的問(wèn)題就是“單詞與頭腦的同步”，也就是您每聽(tīng)到一個(gè)單詞，頭腦中必須馬上想到這個(gè)單詞的中文意思，比如聽(tīng)到Russia，馬上想到“俄國(guó)”，聽(tīng)到president，馬上想到“總統(tǒng)”，聽(tīng)到visit，馬上想到“訪問(wèn)”，等等。其次，在考試中，也要掌握一定的聽(tīng)力技巧。1、利用聽(tīng)錄音前的時(shí)間，迅速地捕捉每個(gè)小題題干選項(xiàng)所提供的信息，預(yù)測(cè)短文或?qū)υ?huà)可能涉及到的內(nèi)容，這樣聽(tīng)錄音材料時(shí)就有的放矢，有所側(cè)重，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。2、注意重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)，這些詞通常會(huì)給你一些線索，還會(huì)幫你回憶起你在題目中聽(tīng)過(guò)的人名和事物等名稱(chēng)。3、注意各選項(xiàng)中的主要區(qū)別。你可能會(huì)看到一些不同的名字或地點(diǎn)或不同的動(dòng)詞，這些不同之處將會(huì)幫你確定這道題中哪些是你要聽(tīng)的關(guān)鍵，即關(guān)鍵詞。4、克服猶豫不決的毛病，對(duì)自己有把握的試題應(yīng)快速作答，對(duì)無(wú)把握的試題也要在所聽(tīng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行優(yōu)化處理。不會(huì)作答的，立即暫時(shí)擱置，準(zhǔn)備聽(tīng)新的題目。5、目前高考聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中短文理解大部分是記敘文或講話(huà)稿，所以聽(tīng)錄音時(shí)重在聽(tīng)懂每句話(huà)的意思和內(nèi)涵，注意捕捉文中所涉及的人物（who）、事件（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（why）、方式（how）、程度（howlong，howsoon，howmuch）、數(shù)字（howmany/howmuch）、選擇（which）等，以便檢查答案。6、保持良好的心態(tài)。當(dāng)遇到?jīng)]聽(tīng)懂或沒(méi)聽(tīng)到的信息時(shí)，繼續(xù)往下聽(tīng)，從后面的聽(tīng)力信息中獲取相關(guān)的信息，或利用答題、閱讀下一題的停頓間隙再看看試題，千萬(wàn)不要因?yàn)槟承┑胤铰?tīng)不懂而心煩意亂，糾纏不休。否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致既丟“芝麻”、又丟“西瓜”的被動(dòng)局面。總之，提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的方法很多，其取舍在于學(xué)習(xí)者本人。在掌握了有效的方法之后，還是那句老話(huà)：“世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。”只要增強(qiáng)信心，持之以恒，方法得當(dāng)，就一定能提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力。本文獲2020年江蘇省教育學(xué)會(huì)論文評(píng)比三等獎(jiǎng)