2020高考英語 如何寫好簡單句教案

2020;2020高考英語書面表達專題（2）：如何寫好簡單句英語5種基本句型1.S(主） + Vi.（不及物動詞）（謂）常見的不及物動詞有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise, laugh, smile, live, study, arrive, cry, 1isten, walk.S(主語)Vi.（不及物動詞）其它1.2.3.4.5.TimeSheHeWeIflies.singswentstoppedwill gobeautifully. Adverbial(副詞)on holiday. Prep Phrase（介詞短語）to have a rest. Infinitive (不定式）swimming. Participle (分詞）注: “There + be(Vi.) + S ” 也是屬于第一種基本句型。2. S (主）+ V.（謂）（lv.)( 系動詞）+ P（表）S (主）lv.( 系動詞）P（表）123456WeThisThe flowersClassKidMy friendareissmellislooksbecomesChinese. N.(名詞）mine. Pron. (代詞)sweet. Adj.（形容詞）over. Adv. (副詞）like his father. Prep. Phraseexcited. Participle(分詞）除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。3)表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等5)其他動詞lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。注：下列常見“It”句式也是屬于第二句型。1）It + be +adj./n. + to do(不定式) It is your duty to take care of your mother.2）It + be +adj. + for/of +sb. + to do It is easy for us to finish the project in two days.3. S (主）+ Vt.（及物動詞）（謂）+ O（賓）S (主）Vt.（及物動詞）（謂）O（賓）123456ISheHelenThe kidThe thiefIam studyingloveswantsdoesnt knowadmittedbelieveEnglish. N.(名詞)him. Pron.(代詞)to go there. Infinitive（不定式）where to go. Wh-Word + Infinitivestealing the money. Gerund（動名詞）that there is nothing wrong. That-clause（that從句）注：1) S + Vt. + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him.常用于這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。2) S + Vt. + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do.常用于這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。3) S + Vt. + Gerund I enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help，look forward to, stick to等。4) S + Vt. + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right.常用于這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。4. S (主）+ Vt.（謂）+ I.O.（間接 賓） + D.O.（直接 賓）S (主）Vt.（謂）I.O.（間接 賓）D.O.（直接 賓）1.2.3.4.5.IMotherMy fatherMy uncleHesentgaveboughtbroughtcan informhim (N.名詞)Mary (Pron.代詞)me (Pron.代詞)my brother (N.名詞)you (Pron.代詞)a book.a nice gift yesterday.a story book.a new watch.where the teacher lives. (從句)本句型的謂語動詞所發(fā)出的動作有兩個對象，一為“人或動物等”，稱為間接賓語；另一為“物或事”，稱為直接賓語。本句型也可以把“D.O.”置于 “I.O.”之前，應(yīng)注意用介詞to或for，句型為： S + Vt. + N./Pron. + To/for-phrase. 如：1）He sent me a book.He sent a book to me.2）He bought me a coat.He bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有： bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。5. S (主）+ Vt.（謂）+ O.（賓）+ O.C.（賓補）S (主）Vt.（謂）O.（賓）O.C.（賓補）1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.WeHeSheIIHeHeHe namedmadekeepsaskcaughttaughttoldadvisedour daughter (N./Pron).our garden (N./Pron.)everything (N./Pron.)him (N./Pron).him (N./Pron.)me (N./Pron.)me (N./Pron.)me (N./Pron.)Mary. (N.)very beautiful. (Adj.)in good order. (Pren. Phrase)to help me. (Infinitive)cheating in exam. (Participle)how to learn English. (Wh-word + Infinitive)that he passed the exam. (That clause)when we should start. (Wh-clause)此句型中的動詞叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞，后面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱做復(fù)合賓語。注：1) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + N 常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Adj 常用于這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order.4) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Infinitive 常用于這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。5) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Participle (分詞） 常用于這句型的動詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-word + Infinitive 常用于這句型的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + That-clause 常用于這句型的動詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。8) S + Vt. + N./Pron. + Wh-Clause 常用于這句型的動詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達某地存在有，它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際意義。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，現(xiàn)在有   there is / are 過去有   there was / were將來有   there will be/ there is / are going to be.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有   there has / have been可能有  there might be.肯定有  there must be / there must have been.過去一直有  there used to be 似乎有  there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有  there happen / happens / happened to be.注：我們受漢語的干擾，會運用一些漢式表達。請觀察下列句子：1）There are two boys are waiting for you. (去掉第二個are或boys后加who)2）There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.(去掉There are)此句型有時可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動詞。Eg: There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There lies a book on the desk.注：在書面表達中?！坝小边@個含義，我們會情不自禁地使用There are和have結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。雖然能表達出原意，可千篇一律，總會顯得俗氣呆板。試比較以下句子，便可見分曉。學校的體育中心有三個運動區(qū)域。1) There are three athletic areas in the school sports centre.2) The school sports centre contains three athletic areas. (Better)with結(jié)構(gòu)也有“有”的含義。主要用法介紹如下：1） Its a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen.2） with + 賓語 + 介詞短語 He sat in a chair, with a newspaper in his hands.3） with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞 He arrived at a mountain, with a tower standing at the top.With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.練習：（一）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語不及物動詞）1. 你應(yīng)當努力學習。2. 她昨天回家很晚。_3. 那天早上我們談了很多。4. 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 _5. 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_6. 這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。7. 每天八時開始上課。_8. 這個盒子重五公斤。9. 五年前我住在北京。_10. 讓我們立即行動起來。11恰好他身邊有錢。_12. 慢慢地她臉上露出了一絲笑容。_（二）主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動詞賓語）1. 昨晚我寫了一封信。2. 今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。_3. 這本書他讀過多次了。4. 他們成功地完成了計劃。_5. 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。6. 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。_7. 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。8. 他不知道說什麼好。_（三）主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語系動詞表語 ）1. 我的兄弟都是大學生。2. 冬季白天短，夜晚長。_3. 布朗夫人看起來很健康。4. 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。_5. 孩子們，請保持安靜。6. 這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。_7. 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。8. 他失業(yè)了。_9. 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。10. 這個報告聽起來很有意思。_11. 商店開到八點。12機器出了毛病。_13這些努力似乎全都白費了。14這話聽起來有道理。_15房里一會兒就擠滿了人。_（四）雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語 ）1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 _3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ _5. 他把車票給列車員看。6. 這個學期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。_7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。_9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？_（五）復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動詞賓語賓語補足語）1. 他的父母給他取名為John.2. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。_3. 我們大家都認為他是誠實的。 4. 他們把門推開了。_5. 我們要使學校變得更美麗。 6. 我要你把真相告訴我。_7. 給我?guī)追昼娍紤]一下。8. 我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。_9. 他每個月理一次發(fā)。10. 我要請人把我的錄音機修理一下。_11. 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了。12. 她正在聽人家講故事。_13. 我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。14. 他感到很難跟你交談。_15. 學校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學生要起立。 16. 我認為與那個人談話是無益的。_17. 祝一路平安。18 你讓我等了三個鐘頭。_（六）There be 句型1. 今晚沒有會。2. 這個學校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。_3. 天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風。4. 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。_5. 恰好那時房里沒人。6. 公共汽車來了。_7. 就只剩下二十八美元了。8. 在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。_9. 鈴響了。10. 最近幾年,這個村莊發(fā)生了巨大的變化。_11. 過去這條河上有座橋。12. 他的回答應(yīng)該沒有什么可懷疑的。_13. 十字路口處站著一個警察。_英語5種基本句型答案：（一）1. You should study hard. 2. She went home very late yesterday evening.3. That morning we talked a great deal. 4. The meeting will last two hours.5. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6. Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7. Classes begin at eight every day. 8. This box weighs five kilos.9. I lived in Beijing five years ago. 10. Lets act at once/ immediately11. He happened to have some money with him. 12. Gradually a smile appeared on her face.（二）1. I wrote a letter last night.   2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.  4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.7. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 8. He did not know what to say.（三）1. My brothers are all college students. 2. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy. 4. At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5. Children, keep quiet please. 6. This book is about the history of the United States.7. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8. He is out of work.9. The leaves have turned yellow. 10. The report sounds interesting.11. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. 12. The machine went wrong.13. All these efforts seem in vain 14. These words sound reasonable.15. The room soon became crowded.（四）1. Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3. Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4. Would you please pass me the dictionary?5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 6. This term I have written three letters to my parents.7. My father has bought me a new bike. 8. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9. Will you please get me a new copy? 10. Shall I call you a taxi?（五）1.His parents named him John. 2. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.3. All of us considered him honest. 4. They pushed the door open.5. We will make our school more beautiful. 6. I want you to tell me the truth7. Give me a few minutes to think. 8. We wont let her go out at night.9. He has his hair cut once a month. 10. Ill get my recorder mended.11. The terrible sound made the children frightened. 12. She is listening to someone telling stories.13. I have never seen the word used that way before. 14. He felt it very difficult to talk with you.15. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.16. I thought it no use talking with that man 17. Wish you a pleasant journey.18. You keep me waiting for three hours.（六）1. There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.2. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.3. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.4. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5. There happened to be nobody in the room.6. There comes the bus. 7. There remained just twenty-eight dollars.8. In front of the cave, there stands (grows) a tall pine tree. 9. There goes the bell.10. Recently there have been great changes in this village. 11. There used to be a bridge over the river.12. There should be nothing doubtful. 13. There stands a policeman at the crossing9