2022年高考英語一輪 語法專題14 動詞和動詞短語01 譯林牛津版

2022年高考英語一輪 語法專題14 動詞和動詞短語01 譯林牛津版高考預(yù)練從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。（20分） 1. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through 2. - Do you think it's going to rain over weekend? - _ . A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 3. _ we can't get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 4. - Nancy is not ing tonight. - But she _ ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6. -Why haven't you bought any butter? - I _ to but I forgot about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 7. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B As C. That D. What 8. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 9. -I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There's no _ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 10. It's not rare that in _ people in _ are going to university for further education. A. 90s; the fifties B. the 90s; fifties C. 90s; their fifties D. the 90s; their fifties 11. -How many people voted for him? -About 80 percent of those _ . A. people present B. present people C. people presented D. presented people 12. -How can I learn English well? -I think reading more is the best way _ your English. A. improving B. to improve C. of improving D. both B and C 13. Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _ . A. entirely B. extensively C. widely D. thoroughly 14. I wonder how he _ that to his father. A. dares say B. dared say C. dare say D. dare to say 15. -Can I use your bike? -I'm sorry, because I'll have to _ . A. get it to repair B. have it to be repaired C. get it repaired D. have it repair 16. Please think of a situation _ the word can be used. A. when B. that C. where D. on which 17. The question of drug-taking is to _ at the next conference. A. e true B. e across C. e to D. e up 18. -How did the accident happen? -I was walking along the sideway. A car gave off _ light. I can't see the way clearly. A. far too much B. far much too C. much too far D. too far much 19. I came here for nothing else but to see you _ . A. purpose B. in purpose C. on purpose D. to the purpose 20. Hearing what she said, he was so excited that he couldn't _ down. A. calm B. turn C. put D. quiet 參考答案I.1-5 CDABC 6-10 CBDBD 11-15 ADABC 16-20 CDACA 英語動詞根據(jù)其意義和句法作用，可分為實(shí)義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四大類。實(shí)義動詞又稱行為動詞，為表示動作或狀態(tài)的動詞，可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語，實(shí)義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。英語中的動詞短語通常由動詞加介詞、副詞、名詞等構(gòu)成，在句中起動詞的作用。高考設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語詞意的辨析及其理解和運(yùn)用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空中。考點(diǎn)一常用動詞辨析1advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物動詞，表示“勸告，忠告，建議”，強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒或引起注意；persuade表示“說服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事（相當(dāng)于persuade sb.into doing sth.）；如表示勸說但不一定成功，則使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物動詞，意為“建議”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或從句，從句中的謂語用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。2bring，take，carry，fetchbring“帶來，拿來，取來”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別處帶人或物到說話人所在地。take“拿走，帶走”，強(qiáng)調(diào)把人或物從說話者身邊帶走，方向與bring相反。fetch“去拿來，去取來”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從甲地出發(fā)到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相當(dāng)于go and bring。carry“攜帶，搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)送”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用人力或車輛把人或物從一地運(yùn)到另一地。3win，beat，defeatwin表示“贏得，戰(zhàn)勝”時(shí)，賓語多是比賽項(xiàng)目等。win sb.則指“贏得人心”。beat/defeat意為“打敗，擊敗”，其賓語只能是人或由人組成的機(jī)構(gòu)。如：beat sb.打敗某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy擊敗了他們的隊(duì)/國家/敵人。beat多用于表示在比賽或爭論中戰(zhàn)勝對手；defeat多用于在戰(zhàn)爭中打敗對手。4believe，believe inbelieve表示“相信，認(rèn)為”，側(cè)重于相信某人說的話或所做事情的真實(shí)性，其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或賓語從句。believe in表示“相信，信任，信仰，信奉”，其后常接真理、宗教、原則之類的名詞。You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day.你應(yīng)該相信自己，并且相信某天你將會成功的。5book，order二者都有“訂購，預(yù)訂”之意，但book指訂各種“票，座位”；而order指“餐館訂飯、菜，定做衣服，訂貨”等，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：place an order for sth.with sb.向某人訂購某物。對比：book a ticket/two seats/a double room訂一張票/兩個(gè)座位/一個(gè)雙人間；order four dishes/ lunch要四個(gè)菜/訂好午飯。He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes.他訂了一張四人桌，并且要了六個(gè)菜。6choose，select，electchoose表示“選擇，挑選”，有時(shí)也表示“推選，選舉”，但一般表示范圍很小、普通的選擇，沒有elect正式。select表示“（精心地）挑選，選定”，具有“精選”之意。elect表示“選舉”，指較大范圍的正式的選舉。7disturb，interruptdisturb是及物動詞，有“打擾，擾亂，使人心神不安”之意。常用短語：disturb the sleeping child/one's plan/the public peace打擾睡覺的孩子/打亂計(jì)劃/擾亂社會治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影響；be disturbed about對感到不安。interrupt有“打斷，打擾”之意，側(cè)重打斷。常用短語：interrupt the supplies中斷供應(yīng)；interrupt one's speech打斷演講。8hurt，injure，wound，harmhurt是一般用語，指精神或肉體上受到的傷害，有較強(qiáng)烈的“疼痛”意味；injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故對身體或精神上的“損害，損傷”；wound主要指外界暴力引起身體創(chuàng)傷，尤指戰(zhàn)爭中受的刀、槍、劍等傷；harm指對人的肉體或精神帶來傷害，特指傷及一個(gè)人或其心態(tài)、健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等，使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損失或任何不幸遭遇。He was injured in the car accident and his leg still hurts now.9miss，losemiss意為“未能趕上（抓住），錯過，失去，漏掉”。而lose意為“丟失，迷失方向，迷路”。He missed the early bus.What's worse，his key to the car was lost.10fit，be fit for，be fit to，suitfit用作及物或不及物動詞，表示“（衣服等）合適，使合身”；be fit for是形容詞短語，表示“適合的，能勝任的”，for后接名詞或動名詞；be fit to表示“適合，能勝任”，to是動詞不定式符號，后接動詞原形。suit指顏色、款式的“適合”，而fit指尺寸、大小的“合適”。11save，sparesave意為“儲蓄，節(jié)省”，指把錢、時(shí)間及其他東西儲蓄起來以備將來用，或指節(jié)省東西，避免浪費(fèi)，也指“救命”。而spare意為“省”，指細(xì)心地省下或節(jié)省錢、時(shí)間、力氣等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。12seat，sitseat是及物動詞，意思是“使坐下”，可以接人作賓語，還可以用于被動語態(tài)。常見搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seatedsit down坐好。而sit是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語?？键c(diǎn)二考查同根介詞或副詞動詞短語的辨析使用頻率較高的這類動詞有：call，cut，e，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常見的介詞或副詞有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。1動詞 away構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；give away捐贈，分發(fā)；carry away運(yùn)走；run away 潛逃，跑開；go away 走開。2動詞 for構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：answer for負(fù)責(zé)；provide for供給；call for要求；plan for打算，為計(jì)劃；hope for希望，期待；ask for索取，尋找；send for派人去請；go for努力獲??；pay for償還，賠償；wait for等待；look for尋找。3動詞on構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：try on試穿，試驗(yàn)；put on穿上，上演；have on穿著，戴著；pull on穿，戴；hold on不掛斷，堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)；carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅(jiān)持；keep on繼續(xù)；go on繼續(xù)；get on上（車）；e on趕快。4動詞over構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：e over過來；hand over移交；go over仔細(xì)檢查，復(fù)習(xí)；get over克服，恢復(fù)；look over檢查；think over仔細(xì)考慮；take over接受，接管；hand over 移交；turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)。5動詞 up構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：bring up撫育，培養(yǎng)；call up召喚，打電話給；e up走上前來，長出；cut up切碎；fix up修理；give up放棄；go up 上升，增長；grow up 長大；look up尊敬，向上看，查尋；make up虛構(gòu)，彌補(bǔ)，組成；put up舉起，搭建；pick up 撿起，（開車）接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，創(chuàng)（紀(jì)錄）；send up發(fā)射；show up 揭露，露面；turn up出現(xiàn)，把調(diào)高一點(diǎn)；take up占據(jù)，開始從事。6動詞out構(gòu)成的短語動詞有：e out出來；go out出去，熄滅；look out留神，當(dāng)心；walk out走出；set out出發(fā)，開始；put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)；give out發(fā)出，發(fā)表；hand out分發(fā)；pick out挑選；find out找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；speak out大聲地說；turn out生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是；get out出去，離開；work out計(jì)算出，解決，實(shí)行，行得通；carry out實(shí)行，執(zhí)行；bring out出版；start out 出發(fā)，動身?？键c(diǎn)三常見同根動詞短語辨析1bringbring in引進(jìn)，掙得；bring about引起，導(dǎo)致；bring up養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出；bring out使展現(xiàn)，推出（書、唱片等）；bring down降低，使倒下；bring back把帶回來，使憶起，使恢復(fù)；bring forth結(jié)果，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生；bring forward提出，提前；bring off圓滿完成（困難之事）；bring on惹來（壞的結(jié)果），加速。2breakbreak down崩潰，瓦解，垮掉，失敗，（化學(xué)）分解，（公共場所）失去理智；break up打碎，（物理）分解，分開，分成（幾部分），結(jié)束，制止；break through逾越，突破，沖破；break away（from）掙脫，脫離；break out爆發(fā)；break in破門而入；break off折斷，中斷；break into進(jìn)入建筑物以便行竊，突然發(fā)出或開始，打擾。3ee about發(fā)生；e out結(jié)果出來，出版，泄露，開花；e across偶遇，被理解；e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)；e up走上前，被提出，長出地面，走近，升起；e up with產(chǎn)生，發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法、答案等）；e along一起來；e to總計(jì)，清醒過來。4givegive up放棄；give in屈服，呈交；give out 用盡，耗盡，分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)表，發(fā)出；give away露馬腳，頒發(fā)，贈送，送掉，捐贈；give off發(fā)出。5gogo against違背，與不符，對不利；go without勉強(qiáng)維持，湊合，go in for愛好，參加，從事；go by過去，依據(jù)，按照；go on繼續(xù)，發(fā)生；go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)審查，走近；go ahead 進(jìn)行；go through 從頭到尾地閱讀，經(jīng)歷；go away走開，外出度假，消失；go for去取來或接來，爭取得到；go out出去，熄滅，過時(shí)。6keep keep away（from）使遠(yuǎn)離；keep back 扣除，保留，隱瞞不講；keep off 避開；keep on繼續(xù)；keep out 擋在外邊，（警示語）請勿靠近；keep up保持，不低落，持續(xù)，繼續(xù)；keep up with跟上；keep down抑制（以防其增長）。7looklook ahead向前看；look about環(huán)顧；look after照看，負(fù)責(zé)處理；look back回憶，回顧；look out 當(dāng)心，找出；look on旁觀；look up 向上看，查閱，形勢好轉(zhuǎn)，看望；look down upon看不起；look forward to盼望；look through翻閱；look into調(diào)查，向內(nèi)看；look round尋找，邊走邊看，觀光。8putput back放回原處，撥回，阻礙，推遲；put down平定，鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；put away將事物放置于慣常保存之處，儲蓄；put forward提出（計(jì)劃、建議），撥快，提前；put off延期；put on穿戴，上映；put out撲滅，生產(chǎn)；put up舉起，張貼；put up with容忍。9taketake in吸收；take for 誤認(rèn)為；take out 拿出；take down 放下；take up從事，拿起，占據(jù)（時(shí)間或空間）；take off 飛機(jī)起飛，脫下，休假，成功；take by攻占；take after像；take along 隨身攜帶；take away帶走，拿走，使離去；take back 收回（說錯的話），退回（所購商品）；take charge 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；take on呈現(xiàn)，雇傭；take out拿出，帶出去；take over 接管，接任；take place發(fā)生。10turnturn against轉(zhuǎn)而反對，使與為敵；turn back折回，掉轉(zhuǎn)頭；turn away轉(zhuǎn)身，走開，打發(fā)走；turn out結(jié)果是，關(guān)上（電燈），趕出，生產(chǎn)，制造；turn down 拒絕，調(diào)?。籺urn off 關(guān)掉；turn over翻過來，移交；turn in 上交（作業(yè)等），拐入；turn into變成，翻譯；turn on打開，取決于；turn to求助于，翻到；turn up調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)。