（江蘇專用）2022年高考英語新增分大一輪復習 語法專題全輯 專題四 名詞性從句講義 牛津譯林版

（江蘇專用）2022年高考英語新增分大一輪復習 語法專題全輯 專題四 名詞性從句講義 牛津譯林版名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)中連接詞的運用名詞性從句中的連接詞有從屬連詞that/whether/if，連接代詞what/who/which/whose/ whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情況下，賓語從句中的引導詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略：(A)當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入語時；(B)有多個that引導的從句時，第一個that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介詞except，but，besides，in等后跟that引導的賓語從句時；(D)當when，who，what，where，why，how等引導的從句與that引導的從句作主句謂語動詞的并列賓語時。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的區(qū)別。that 引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不擔當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先行詞關系代詞”，即常說的“先行詞that/which/who”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔當任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關系代詞that在句中作賓語或主語，與先行詞有修飾關系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說明名詞的含義或內容，如以下名詞：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。They expressed the hope that they would e to visit China again.(同位語從句)The hope they expressed is that they would e to visit China again.(定語從句) 2.whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will e back.(2)后面直接跟or not 時用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主語從句、表語從句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引導同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內容，if則不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)間接賓語位于句首時或者間接賓語提前時用whether不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引導一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。Whether he es or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑問詞-ever和no matter疑問詞的區(qū)別。(1)疑問詞-ever可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑問詞-ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who es late，he must be punished.4.when和where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位語從句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定語從句)主語從句的核心考點1.主語從句在復合句中充當主語，大多數主語從句都可以用it作形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。2.that引導主語從句時可用it作形式主語，that不可?。粀hat引導的主語從句表示“的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.常見的it替代that引導的主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：(1)It系動詞形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that從句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名詞(短語)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that從句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe過去分詞(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)that從句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊動詞(seem，appear，happen，matter)that從句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that從句”結構中，從句謂語常用“(should)動詞原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that從句”結構中，that從句謂語應用“(should)動詞原形”。題組訓練1用適當的連接詞填空1.What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.2.It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.3.It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.4.Why he did that wasnt quite clear.5.It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.賓語從句的核心考點1.動詞的賓語從句(1)大多數動詞(hope，tell，say等)可以帶賓語從句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.I dont think you are right.I dont suppose he cares，does he?(2)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語補足語時，則需要it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些動詞帶賓語從句時習慣上需要在賓語從句前加it。這類動詞(短語)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2.一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導賓語從句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.注意：(1)where引導的從句有時也可用作介詞的賓語。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引導的從句作介詞的賓語是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。Your position is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語從句。Im sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.題組訓練2用適當的連接詞填空1.The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.2.Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether/if shell accept it.3.The villagers have already known what well do is to rebuild the bridge.4.His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.5.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how they should read first.表語從句的核心考點1.主句的主語是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名詞時，表語從句的謂語應用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動詞原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.2.主語為名詞reason時，表語從句中的連接詞要用that，而不用why或because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.3.because，as if，as though，as，like等連接詞也可引導表語從句。He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.題組訓練3用適當的連接詞填空1.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.2.Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.3.The reason why he didnt go to school was that he fell ill.4.He came late.That was because he got up late.5.The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.同位語從句的核心考點同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞的內容的從句。1.能接同位語從句的名詞有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2.同位語從句一般用that引導，但也可以用連接代詞(what，which，who)、連接副詞(when，where，why，how)或whether引導。I have no idea what has happened to him.3.有時同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的某個名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.題組訓練4用適當的連接詞填空1.There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.2.When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.3.I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.4.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.5.The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.1.By boat is the only way to get here，which is          we arrived.(2018·江蘇，21)A.where B.whenC.why D.how答案D解析考查表語從句的引導詞。句意為：坐船是到達這里的唯一方法，這就是我們如何(how)到達的。where表地點；when表時間；why表原因；how表方式。2.Without his support，we wouldnt be          we are now.(2018·北京，11)A.how B.whenC.where D.why答案C解析考查表語從句的引導詞。根據句意可知應該選C項，where引導表語從句。句意為：假如沒有他的支持，我們就不會取得現(xiàn)在的成就。3.This is          my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京，15)A.how B.whichC.that D.what答案D解析考查表語從句的引導詞。這是一個含有表語從句的復合句，所選答案在從句中作teach的直接賓語，因此應該選D項。how不能用作賓語；which引導表語從句時意為“哪個，哪些”，不合邏輯；that引導表語從句時在從句中不作成分。句意為：這就是父親教我的總是直面困難，并且抱最大的希望。4.The gold medal will be awarded to          wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津，9)A.whomever B.whereverC.whoever D.whatever答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：金牌將被授予在自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。介詞to后是賓語從句，從句中動詞wins前缺主語，而且金牌給的是“人”，故用whoever引導賓語從句。whomever在從句中作賓語，故排除。5.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of         it used to charge.(2017·江蘇，26)A.that B.whichC.what D.how答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：我們選擇這家旅館，因為這里一晚的價格降到了20美元，這是它以前要價的一半。從句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 $20的同位語，由此可知這里要用what引導賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語，同時what在賓語從句中又作charge的賓語，因此選C。6.She asked me          I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017·天津，4)A.when B.whereC.whether D.what答案C解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：她問我是否(whether)已將那些書還給了圖書館，我承認還沒還。when什么時候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合語境。7.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing          she was heading.(2017·北京，26)A.why B.whereC.how D.when答案B解析考查賓語從句的引導詞。句意為：簡沿著綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why為什么；how怎樣；when什么時候。8.Every year，         makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京，23)A.whatever B.whoeverC.whomever D.whichever答案B解析考查主語從句的引導詞。句意為：每年，在風箏節(jié)上風箏做得最漂亮的人會贏得獎品。whoever無論誰，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作賓語，不合題意；whatever任何的事物；whichever無論哪個，無論哪些。9.It is often the case          anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江蘇，21)A.why B.whatC.as D.that答案D解析考查主語從句的引導詞。句意為：通常情況下，對于那些心存希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句，從句結構完整，不缺成分，故要用that引導。10.The manager put forward a suggestion          we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)A.whether B.thatC.which D.what 答案B解析考查同位語從句。句意為：經理提了個建議我們應雇個助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子結構可知，空格后的同位語從句用來解釋說明suggestion的具體內容，從句中不缺成分且意義完整，故選B項。11.Your support is important to our work.        you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)A.However B.WhoeverC.Whatever D.Wherever答案C解析考查主語從句的引導詞。句意為：你們的支持對我們的工作很重要，無論你們做什么都會有幫助。從句動詞do需要賓語，且引導主語從句，故用whatever，表示“無論什么”。12.         Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015·江蘇，25)A.That B.WhyC.Where D.How答案C解析考查主語從句。句意為：李白，一個偉大的中國詩人，其出生地是眾所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它?！癢here Li Bai.was born”作該句子的主語，表示“李白出生的地方”。13.I truly believe          beauty es from within.(2015·北京，33)A.that B.whereC.what D.why答案A解析考查賓語從句。句意為：我真的相信美來自人的內心。賓語從句意思完整只缺連接詞，故選A。14.         we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)A.Where B.HowC.Why D.When答案B解析考查名詞性從句的引導詞。句意為：我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關系。 分析句子結構可知“         we understand things”為主語從句，結合句意可知選B。15.A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not        ships are built for.(2015·安徽，25)A.what B.whomC.why D.when答案A解析考查表語從句的引導詞。句意為：船停在港口里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isnt后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導，故選A。why和when是連接副詞，不能作賓語；whom指人。16.Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for          Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陜西，19)A.what B.thatC.why D.how答案A解析考查名詞性從句。句意為：讀了多麗絲·萊辛的傳記，我對她在文學上獲得的成就欽佩不已。分析句子結構可知，介詞for后接的是賓語從句，從句中缺少achieve的賓語，故用what引導。17.The exhibition tells us        we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川，8)A.where B.whyC.what D.which答案B解析考查賓語從句。句意為：這個展覽告訴了我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円柚箍諝馕廴?。賓語從句缺少狀語，故選項C、D錯誤；where引導地點狀語從句，不符合題意，故選B，表示“的原因”。18.What a mess！You are always so lazy!Im not to blame，mum.I am          you have made me.(2014·江蘇，26)A.how B.what C.that D.who答案B解析考查名詞性從句。句意為：這么亂！你總是這么懶！媽媽，要怪也不應當怪我啊。我這么懶也是你嬌慣出來的。分析句子結構可知，I am后是表語從句，引導詞what在從句中作me的補足語，相當于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。19.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing          youre afraid to do.(2014·福建，34)A.that B.whatC.how D.whether答案B解析考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導一個賓語從句，且引導詞在從句中作do的賓語，故用what。20.The best moment for the football star was          he scored the winning goal.(2014·北京，30)A.where B.whenC.how D.why答案B解析考查名詞性從句。句意為：對于這位足球明星來說，進球得分的時刻是最好的時刻。was后面為表語從句，是對主語The best moment的解釋說明，表語從句中缺少時間狀語，故選B。1.I suspect          Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.(2018·南通、泰州一調，32)A.whether B.thatC.what D.how答案B解析suspect為“懷疑，猜疑”，引導一個賓語從句，描述的是一件事，用that。I suspect that.我懷疑。根據句意“我懷疑艾米莉描述這個事件時在說謊”。故選that。2.Now my hometown is not at all          a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.A.that B.what C.which D.where答案B解析句意為：現(xiàn)在我的家鄉(xiāng)不再是十年前來參觀的游客所想象的那樣了。通過分析句子可知，who visited it ten years ago為修飾a traveler的定語從句，what充當expect的賓語，引導整個句子what a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect作is的表語。3.You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of          you think your real interests lie.(2018·鹽城中學段考，30)A.that B.what C.where D.how答案C解析句意為：你應當首先開發(fā)你的天賦，了解自己，以便于列出一個你認為你真正的興趣所在的地方的名單。此處為where引導的賓語從句，作為介詞of的賓語，同時where在賓語從句中作地點狀語。故選C。4.The best student of the year shared his experience of          he had managed to achieve excellence in his preparation for the College Entrance Examination.(2018·南京高淳區(qū)、淮海中學、鹽城中學、淳輝高中等97校聯(lián)考，32)A.if B.howC.what D.that答案B解析if是否；how如何；what什么；that無實意。句意為：今年最優(yōu)秀的學生分享了他在準備高考時如何做到優(yōu)秀的經歷。此處表示如何取得優(yōu)秀的，故選B。5.         says that school years are the best time of ones life is probably an adultone whos forgotten the hard work of being at school.(2018·無錫高三上期中，35)A.Whatever B.WhicheverC.Whomever D.Whoever答案D解析句意為：任何說上學時期是一個人一生中最好的時光的可能是一個成年人一個已經忘了在學校艱苦學習的人。這里用whoever引導主語從句指代人。故選D。6.Failure is part of life；its wrong for parents to protect their children from the knowledge          they have failed.(2018·丹陽中學等三校聯(lián)考，30)A.where B.when C.that D.how答案C解析句意為：失敗是生活的一部分；父母保護孩子免遭他們已經失敗的傷害是錯誤的。此處是that引導的同位語從句，說明knowledge的內容。故選C。7.Since livestreaming platforms are          much of our economys value is created，anything that improves them matters a lot for the new economys overall health.(2018·鎮(zhèn)江高三上期末，26)A.when B.where C.what D.that答案B解析平臺是一個虛擬的地點，即在這個平臺上可以。故選where。8.The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?Yes.Thats          I have promised with the flat owner.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模，32)A.what B.whereC.how D.when答案B解析句意為：我們公寓的租金今年會漲20%？是的。那就是我對房東妥協(xié)的地方。根據句子結構可知，設空處引導一個表語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，應用where作地點狀語。故選B項。9.The problem          he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017·南京三模，23)A.how B.whetherC.that D.when答案B解析句意為：他將在國內還是國外讀大學，這個問題仍未提及。分析句子結構可知，本句是同位語從句，用來解釋說明problem。根據句意可知，B項符合語境。10.Despite difficulties，we must bear in mind          we set this goal，stick to it and move forward regardless.(2018·揚州高三上期中，33)A.that B.whyC.when D.where答案B解析句意為：盡管困難重重，但我們必須牢記，我們?yōu)槭裁匆贫ㄟ@個目標，堅持到底，不動搖地向前走。why在從句中作原因狀語。根據題意，故選B。11.World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and          there are many things still to be done.(2018·常熟中學抽測，34)A.which B.whatC.that D./答案C解析句意為：世界艾滋病日也提醒我們，艾滋病毒沒有消失，還有許多事情要做。句中remind的間接賓語從句有兩句，一句是艾滋病毒沒有離我們而去，另一句就是還有很多事要做。and后的從句與前面一句that HIV has not gone away并列，從句成分及句意完整，且兩個或兩個以上并列的賓語從句中，第一個從句引導詞that可以省略，其余的均不能省略，故此句同樣用that引導。故選C。12.He finds his daughter is quite different from          she was five years ago.A.who B.whatC.how D.which答案B解析句意為：他覺得女兒與五年前有很大不同。what引導的從句作介詞from的賓語。what在從句中作she was的表語。在名詞性從句中擔當主、表和賓語用what，而不用that。who也可以作表語，但who是“誰”的意思。句意不是“與五年前她是誰有很大不同”而是“與五年前她是什么樣有很大不同”，根據語法和句意，本題只能用what。13.Push yourself to go beyond your fort zone because thats          life truly does begin.(2018·鎮(zhèn)江高三上期中，33)A.what B.whereC.which D.whose答案B解析句意為：強迫自己走出你的舒適區(qū)，因為這才是生活真正開始的地方。引導表語從句，并在從句中作狀語，指“的地方”。故選B。14.Ive e to learn that the best time to debate with family members is          they have food in their mouths.(2017·南京、鹽城一模，30)A.how B.thatC.whether D.when答案D解析句意為：我已經逐漸認識到與家人辯論的最佳時間是他們的嘴里有食物的時候。分析句子成分可知，系動詞is后面是表語從句。從句中缺少狀語，結合句意可知when符合題意。15.What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success?         he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017·南通一模，34)A.Because B.HowC.Whether D.That答案D解析句意為：你認為是什么促成了他巨大的成功？他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空處所在句可知，該句句子結構、意義完整，用that引導主語從句，從句中what he is doing 為賓語從句。故選D項。16.They have little idea          the project will work out as planned；anyway they are determined to push ahead with it.A.whether B.whenC.that D.how答案A解析句意為：他們不知道這個項目能否產生預期的結果，但無論如何他們都下定決心要向前推進這個項目。根據句子結構和句意可知，空處在句中引導同位語從句，解釋說明idea的內容，且空處在句中表示“是否”，故需用連接詞whether來引導該同位語從句。17.It is a frequent situation faced by contemporary people          they have to move to a new place because of the requirement of work.A.that B.whereC.which D.whether答案A解析句意為：由于工作要求而不得不搬到新地方是現(xiàn)代人常常遇到的情況。分析句子結構可知，it在句中作形式主語，空處所引導的從句才是真正的主語，且從句的意思和結構都完整，故應用that來引導該主語從句。18.As I opened my eyes，in          direction I looked，I could see smiling，peaceful，calm and content faces.(2016·南通調研，34)A.whatever B.howeverC.whichever D.wherever答案C解析句意為：當我睜開眼的時候，無論往哪個方向看，我都能看到微笑、安寧、平靜和滿足的臉龐。in 為介詞，后面是賓語從句，根據句意用whichever表示“無論哪一個方向”，故C正確。19.The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers          they cant afford themselves a house.(2017·鎮(zhèn)江期中，29)A.whether B.whereC.what D.that答案D解析句意為：大多數城市房價的上漲引起了年輕農民工的擔憂，他們無力負擔自己的房子。從句解釋說明concerns，且成分完整，故填that來引導同位語從句。20.         Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.(2018·蘇北七市聯(lián)考，25)A.That B.WhenC.Whether D.How答案B解析句意為：杰克放學后何時到家是被計算好的，這樣的話媽媽可以保證他能吃到熱飯。根據句意可知，為了保證他能吃上熱飯，因此被計算的是杰克到家的時間，應用when引導主語從句，故選B項。