高中英語必修 5Unit 5 省略句

英語 必修5 Unit 5 語法知識(shí)省略句為了使話說得簡(jiǎn)明扼要，英語句子中某個(gè)單詞、短語甚至從句或主句都可以省去。這種省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不變的現(xiàn)象，稱為省略（ellipsis）種類例句說明主語的省略Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day), isnt it?Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea.)有時(shí)也可省略整個(gè)句子的主語和謂語，只保留次要成分。She was poor but (she was) honest.-Did you know anything about the accident?-Not until you told me. (= I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)謂語的省略-what do you think made Mary so upset?-Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).狀語從句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane), the house looks like tiny toys.If (it is) possible, Ill go there with you.注意狀語從句中的主語同主句主語的一致性。不定式的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor.若不定式后面是完成時(shí)，省略時(shí)應(yīng)保留have；不定式后含有動(dòng)詞be的結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，也要保留be動(dòng)詞。-Did you tell him the news?-I ought to have (told him the news), but I didnt know how to speak.-Are you an engineer?-No, but I want to be.、狀語從句中的省略用法一、 如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同時(shí)省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞的某種形式。1、 when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.2、 if，unless，once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. Ill not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.3、 though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時(shí)，只省略從句中的be動(dòng)詞形式）4、 as if，as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作）二、 than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的省略用法：當(dāng)不同的主語進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，一般省略從句中的謂語；當(dāng)從句中的主語與謂語（be動(dòng)詞除外）和主句中的主語與謂語相同時(shí)，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.三、 以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.、定語從句中的省略用法關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語且不位于介詞之后時(shí)，可以省略；in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時(shí)可省略。e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略1、 當(dāng)條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時(shí)省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.2、 Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.、不定式符號(hào)to的省略1、 感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch)2、 do nothing but，cant help but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式。E.g. We didnt do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.3、 在特定語境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be，have時(shí)，也保留be和have。E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to.、So和not的替代性省略用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句?？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等連用e.g. Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not.、日常交際中的省略在情景會(huì)話中，答語常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。e.g. How many copies do you want? - (I want) Three copies, please. - Have you ever been to the Great Wall? - No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).隨講隨練1、Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes?     _，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours.A. It doesn't matter    B. That's kind of you     C. I'm afraid not     D. I guess so2、Hey，taxi!     _     I want to go to the dentist's.A. Good morning, sir.     B. Nice to see you, sir.     C. Where to, sir?    D. What are you going to do, sir?3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _ immediately.A. be operated on   B. operated on   C. was operated on    D. would be operated on4、When he came back, he found the bag he had _ over the seat was gone.A. left to hang   B. left hanging   C. left hung    D. to leave hanging5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them_.A. understand him    B. to be understood    C. be understood    D. to understand him6、Are there any English story books for us students in the library?     There are only a few, _.A. if any    B. if have    C. if some     D. if has8、Does Betty know where her violin is?     She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know_.A. whose    B. it      C. whom     D. which9、Aren't you the manager?     No, and I _.A. don't want     B. don't want to       C. don't want to be      D. don't10、How are you getting on with your work?       Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as_.A. plans    B. planning    C. planned     D. to plan11、What's the matter with you?       I didn't pass the test, but I still_.A. hope so    B. hope to     C. hope it     D. hope that12、The doctor did what he could _ the boy, but in vain.A. save    B. to save     C. saving      D. saved13、You look happy today, Mary.       I like my new dress and Mother _, too.A. likes     B. does      C. is       D. do14、What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise.       He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him _.A. not     B. to      C. not to     D./15、_ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.A. If it is not      B. Were it not      C. Had it not been      D. If they were not 省略句練習(xí)1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全國(guó)卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全國(guó)卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7. Though _ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 9. You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、內(nèi)蒙古春) A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 10. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 11. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 12. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷) A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全國(guó)卷) A. something B. anything C. all D. that 14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone _ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷) A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed 15. I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all, _ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to 16. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends _ . (NMET 1998上海卷) A. / B. to C. so D. that 17. Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight? _ . (NMET 1999上海卷) A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow C. No, I won't D. That's right 18. You should have thanked her before you left. I meant _ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷) A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to 19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷) A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷) A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not 21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _ . (NMET 2004 江蘇卷) A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 廣東卷) A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 23. I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! _ . (NMET 2004全國(guó)卷III) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I Keys: 15 BCDBA 610 AADCA 1115 AACBD 1620 BBBBC 2123 BCB10