2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Friendship Grammar學案 新人教版必修1

2022年高中英語 Unit 1 Friendship Grammar學案 新人教版必修1 在英語語言交際中，引述別人的話有兩種方式：直接引語和間接引語。直接引語是直接引述別人的原話，在書面語中經(jīng)常將其放在引號中。間接引語是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，無需加引號，在多數(shù)情況下間接引語可以構成賓語從句。接下來我們認識一下直接引語與間接引語： 1. Mrs Smith said, “I am going to New York tomorrow.” （引號中的內(nèi)容為直接引語） 2. Mrs Smith said that she was going to New York the next day. （劃線部分為間接引語） 細心的同學可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)句1中的直接引語在變成句2中的間接引語時某些成分已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，如: I變成了she, am變成了was, tomorrow則變成了the next day。在日常交際中，當我們需要在這兩種引語之間轉(zhuǎn)換時，究竟有什么規(guī)律可循呢？ 首先，如果直接引語為陳述句、疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，就成為一個賓語從句，所以自然要符合賓語從句的語法要求。從句的一些共性特點是：一、陳述語序；二、恰當?shù)倪B接詞；三、時態(tài)要求。除此之外，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語仍有一些具體的語法要求，以下結(jié)合實例逐一解析。 一、人稱的變化 將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一定要注意人稱的變化，否則會使整個句子意思混亂。觀察下列幾組句子中人稱的變化，注意其變化規(guī)律。1. She said, “My friends want to visit me.” She said her friends wanted to visit her.2. He said to Kate, “How is your work now?” He asked Kate how her work was then.3. Tom said, “Youd better carry an umbrella just in case, Mary.” Tom said that Mary had better carry an umbrella just in case.4. Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.【自我歸納】 人稱變化須牢記：從一隨主，從二隨賓，從三人稱不更新。 “從一隨主”是指如果直接引語中的主語是第一人稱時，從句中的人稱變化要隨主句中 _的人稱變化，如第1組例句。 “從二隨賓”是指如果直接引語中的主語是第二人稱時，從句中的人稱變化要與主句中的_一致，如第2組例句；如果主句沒有賓語，則需觀察主句主語的交際對象，如第3組例句，此句中Tom的說話對象為_, 故間接引語中的主語變化為Mary。 “從三人稱不更新”是指如果直接引語中的主語及賓語是第三人稱時，從句中的人稱一般_，如第4組例句。 二、時態(tài)的變化 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上要做相應的變化。具體變化如下：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時【即學即練】 根據(jù)以上原則完成下列句子。1. She said, “I have lost my bike.” She said she _ her bike.2. She said, “We hope so.” She said they _ so.3. He said, “She will go to see her friend.” He said she _ to see her friend. 注意：在以下幾種情況下，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變化。 1. 直接引語是客觀事實、科學真理及名言警句時。如：The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 2. 直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。如：Mother said, “John, what were you doing at 8 oclock last night?” Mother asked John what he was doing at 8 oclock the night before. 3. 如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞無過去式（如：ought to, had better, used to）或已經(jīng)是過去式（如：could, should, would, might）時，則不再變化。如： He said, “You should e here earlier tomorrow.” He said I should go there earlier the next day. 4. 如一般過去時有表示具體時間的狀語，也可以不變。如：She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995. 三、狀語及其他成分的變化 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時間狀語和地點狀語也要做相應的變化。如: now then；today that day; tonight that night；yesterday the day before；tomorrow the next day；last month the month before等；地點狀語here there；指示代詞this that, these those；動詞e go, bring take等。 注意：以上這些變化要視情況而定，不能死搬教條，如果轉(zhuǎn)述就在當天當?shù)貏t不需要進行時間及地點的轉(zhuǎn)換。 四、句型的變化 觀察下列幾組句子中直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換中句型的變化規(guī)律，并試著總結(jié)歸納。1. She said, “Our train will leave in several minutes.” She said that their train would leave in several minutes.2. He said, “Can you dance, Ted?” He asked Ted whether / if he could dance.3. “You have tidied your room, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had tidied my room.4. She asked me, “When will you start?” She asked me when I would start.【自我歸納】1. 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由_（可省略）引導的賓語從句。2. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由_引導的賓語從句。 3. 直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，間接引語應改為由原來的疑問詞引導的賓語從句。【即學即練】 閱讀下列幾組直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的句子，判斷其正（T）誤（F）并改正其中的錯誤。1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said the mother. The mother asked Jenny what she had done the day before. 2. The little kid said, “How can I get that toy?” The little kid asked how could he get that toy.3. He said, “The Olympic Games are held every four years.” He said that the Olympic Games were held every four years.Key:一、 【自我歸納】 主語；賓語；Mary；不需要變化二、 【即學即練】 1. had lost 2. hoped 3. would go四、 【自我歸納】 1. that 2. whether / if 【即學即練】 1. T。2. F。how could he改為how he could 3. F。were改為are