（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)十二 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（含解析）

考點(diǎn)十二詞性轉(zhuǎn)換限時25分鐘一、單句語法填空1My English improved a lot; more importantly, I gained much _ (confident) 答案：confidence句意：我的英語提高了許多；更重要的是，我的自信心增強(qiáng)了不少。所填詞涉及形容詞變?yōu)槊~的后綴：­ence。句中的much為限定詞，后應(yīng)接名詞，作賓語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，confident的名詞形式為confidence。2Smoking during pregnancy _ (danger) your baby's life答案：will endanger句意：孕期抽煙會危及胎兒生命。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞的構(gòu)詞法：en­。句中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞，意為“危及”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，可在名詞前加前綴en­，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動詞，即endanger；另外，本句表示敘述在某種情況下有可能發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞will，故填will endanger。3It was a _ (fog) cold morning when he set off for the remote village答案：foggy句意：在一個寒冷的起霧的上午，他向那個遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊進(jìn)發(fā)了。句中所填詞修飾morning，作定語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，fog的形容詞形式為foggy。4People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use)答案：useless句意：對于重返學(xué)校，人們當(dāng)然有各種理由，但是有一點(diǎn)需要知道的重要的事是，知識是有用的。所填詞涉及否定意義的后綴：名詞­less構(gòu)成形容詞。所填詞作系動詞is的表語，且根據(jù)語境，此處應(yīng)填表示否定意義的形容詞，構(gòu)成雙重否定。useless “無用的”。5The _ (protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world答案：protection句意：人類環(huán)境的保護(hù)和改善是一個影響全世界人民和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大問題。根據(jù)“and improvement”可知，所填詞為protect的名詞形式。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在protect后加后綴­ion變?yōu)槊~。6The meeting supposed to be _ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end 答案：successful句意：那場本應(yīng)該成功的會議最終被證明是失敗的。所填詞作be的表語，應(yīng)填形容詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在success后加后綴­ful，構(gòu)成形容詞。7Customs officials _ (cover) a plot to smuggle weapons into the country答案：uncovered句意：海關(guān)官員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個走私武器入境的陰謀。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴：un­。句中所填詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞，根據(jù)后面的賓語a plot可知，此處應(yīng)表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)，揭露”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在動詞前加前綴un­，轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的動詞，故填uncovered。8Ann will be remembered for her ability and her _ (warm) 答案：warmth句意：安因?yàn)樗哪芰蜔崆橛押?，將被銘記。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­th。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則可知warm的名詞形式，即在詞尾加后綴­th。9One person was killed, several were _ (serious) hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received small hurt答案：seriously句意：一個人喪生，幾個人嚴(yán)重受傷，被送往醫(yī)院，并且數(shù)名其他人受了輕傷。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：­ly。所填詞在句中修飾動詞hurt，作狀語，應(yīng)填副詞。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，serious的副詞形式只要在詞尾加后綴­ly即可。10It has a highly _ (regular) shape, covered with bumps and indentations答案：irregular句意：它的外形極不規(guī)則，滿是凸塊和凹陷。所填詞涉及表示相反意義的前綴：ir­。句中為形容詞作定語，修飾名詞shape，根據(jù)后面的過去分詞短語可知，所填詞表示“不規(guī)則的”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成法規(guī)則，在形容詞前加前綴ir­，轉(zhuǎn)化為相反意義的形容詞，故填irregular。11It is _ (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16答案：illegal句意：出售煙草給16歲以下者是非法的。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前綴：il­。所填詞在句中作表語，且根據(jù)“to someone under 16”可知，此處表示“非法的”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，應(yīng)加前綴il­。12Extracurricular activities _ (able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks答案：enable句意：課外活動可以使學(xué)生們知道怎樣運(yùn)用在課本上學(xué)到的知識。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞的前綴：en­。所填詞在句中作謂語動詞，根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，able的動詞形式，只要在詞首加前綴en­即可，enable 意為“使能夠”。13You can rely on him because he is quite _ (rely)答案：reliable所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的后綴：­able。所填詞用在系動詞is后，作表語，根據(jù)句中的“rely on him”可知，所填詞表示“值得信賴的”，根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，rely的形容詞形式，須將字母y改為i，再加后綴­able。14People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or _ (honest)答案：dishonest句意：靠福利救濟(jì)的人被誤認(rèn)為懶惰或不誠實(shí)。所填詞涉及表示否定意義的前綴：dis­。根據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)填形容詞，并表示否定意義，即 “不誠實(shí)的”；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞首加前綴dis­。15You may find to your _ (amaze) that there is more kindness in your community than you ever believe possible答案：amazement句意：你可能會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，在你的社區(qū)，洋溢著難以置信的友愛。所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­ment。所填詞位于your之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞尾加后綴­ment即可變?yōu)槊~。16I can not control my body well My legs become _ (pain)答案：painful句意：我無法很好地掌控我的身體。我的雙腿變得疼痛。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­ful。所填詞位于連系動詞之后，應(yīng)用形容詞作表語；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，只需在詞尾加后綴­ful即可構(gòu)成painful “疼痛的”。17Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary (紀(jì)錄片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely _ (ambition) parents答案：ambitious根據(jù)空格位置，后面是名詞parents，應(yīng)該使用形容詞作定語，故填ambitious。18Under her _ (encourage), I would spend hours burying myself in novels, even if my friends just laughed at me答案：encouragement句意：在她的鼓勵下我總會花幾個小時埋頭看小說，即使朋友們嘲笑我。這里需用名詞，指的是“在她的鼓勵下”。 19The _ (grow) number of Chinese tourists traveling to Spain has in recent years offered opportunities for local companies答案：growing該空格處后面的詞“number”是名詞，名詞受形容詞修飾限制，grow為動詞，動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞時，常用v­ing表示主動進(jìn)行，v­ed表示被動完成。此處表示大量中國游客去西班牙旅行，這個數(shù)量一直在增長中，表示進(jìn)行，故答案為growing。20China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “new four great _ (invent)”答案：inventions句意：中國用“新四大發(fā)明”再次展示了改變世界的能力。前面有形容詞性物主代詞修飾，且作介詞的賓語，故這里用名詞形式invention，且為可數(shù)名詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 21I _ (firm) believed I could learn lots of words, phrases, translation skills, news stories and even amazing knowledge by reading it答案：firmly空格后的believed為動詞，動詞受副詞修飾，故答案為firmly。22In most _ (develop) countries, like America and the Great Britain, teaching is a profession答案：developed句意：在美國和英國等發(fā)達(dá)國家中，教書是一種專業(yè)。develop的形容詞變體有developing和developed兩種形式，句中修飾美國和英國，故答案應(yīng)為developed。23_ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English答案：Luckily句意：慶幸的是，英語為母語者能夠彼此理解，即使他們不講同一種類的英語。所填詞修飾整個句子，因此使用副詞，故答案為Luckily。24Being _ (happy)is like an infectious disease It causes people to stay away from the sufferer答案：unhappy句意：不快樂就像傳染病一樣，會使得人們對于不快樂的人退避三舍。根據(jù)此空后面的“l(fā)ike an infectious disease”(像一個傳染病一樣)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用happy的反義詞，故填unhappy。 25She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her _ (comfort)答案：discomfort根據(jù)上文，說明她“不舒服”。句意：她的左胳膊很不自然地抬著，好像它讓她不舒服似的。26It was _ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines答案：extremely此空并不是系動詞was后的表語，作表語的是difficult，空格處所填詞修飾difficult，故填副詞。27Your ideas are very interesting, but we need _ (practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble答案：practical此處表示可是我們需要切實(shí)可行的建議幫我們脫離困境，故用practice的形容詞形式practical。28Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the_ (assume) you've made答案：assumption句意：試著去理解實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。前面是定冠詞the，后面跟名詞形式，故填assumption。29Alice, the sales manager of the company, is doing a course to _ (sharp) her business skills答案：sharpen句意：這家公司的銷售經(jīng)理Alice正在學(xué)習(xí)一門課程來提高她的業(yè)務(wù)技能。sharpen “加強(qiáng)，提高”。Alice學(xué)習(xí)課程的目的是提高技能。30A television series is fast gaining its word­of­mouth _ (popular) among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners 答案：popularity根據(jù)空格位置，前面有形容詞性物主代詞its和word­of­mouth，后面應(yīng)該為名詞。popular為形容詞，它的名詞變化為后面加­ity，故填popularity。二、單句改錯1The teachers in our school are all kind and helpfully_答案：helpfullyhelpful本句中，系動詞are后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。由派生法規(guī)則可知，­ful可作形容詞的后綴，而­ly為副詞的后綴，故將helpfully改為helpful。2That little act of kind made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it made me feel the best of all!_答案：kindkindness本句中，介詞of后應(yīng)該接名詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴­ness可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故將kind改為kindness，act of kindness意為“善舉”。3As far as I am concerned, my suggest is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese­English dictionary within easy reach_答案：suggestsuggestion本句中，系動詞is前的名詞短語作主語，且my后應(yīng)接名詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動詞后加后綴­ion，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故將suggest改為suggestion。4If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject, you will learn more about it and become more interested in it_答案：deepdeepen本句中，從句中應(yīng)用實(shí)義動詞作謂語；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴­en，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的動詞。故將deep改為deepen。5A lot of people became homely owing to the terrible earthquake_答案：homelyhomeless本句中，became為連系動詞，后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語，且根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)接表示否定意義的形容詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴­less，可變?yōu)楸硎痉穸ㄒ饬x的形容詞。故將homely改為homeless。6The good working conditions in this company are attract _答案：attractattractive本句中，應(yīng)用形容詞作are的表語，描述該公司的工作條件吸引人；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動詞后加后綴­ive，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將attract改為attractive。7Try your best to memory these new words _答案：memorymemorize本句中，to是動詞不定式符號，后接動詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式短語，表示目的；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，­ize可作為動詞的后綴。以y結(jié)尾的，去掉y，再加­ize，故將memory改為memorize。8My close friend Jack understood me, which made me upset _答案：understoodmisunderstood根據(jù)句中的非限制定語從句可知，“我”很傷感的原因是朋友誤會了“我”。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在動詞前加前綴mis­可變?yōu)楸硎鞠喾匆饬x的詞。故將understood改為misunderstood。9I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society _答案：reasonreasonable本句中，修飾名詞practice，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴­able，可變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的形容詞。故將reason改為reasonable。10After waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatiently_答案：impatientlyimpatient句意：等了半個小時后我開始變得不耐煩了。get為系動詞，后接形容詞，故將構(gòu)成副詞的后綴­ly去掉。11Unfortunate, I won't be able to meet you at the airport because I have classes in the afternoon_答案：UnfortunateUnfortunately位于句首修飾整個句子應(yīng)用副詞。12If you feel nervous or stress, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing_答案：stressstressed句意：如果你感到緊張或有壓力，試著做一些放松練習(xí)，比如深呼吸。stressed意為“感到有壓力的”。13She found someone was following her, so she felt very frightening_答案：frighteningfrightened句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在尾隨她，所以她感到非常害怕。描述人的心理感受應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式的形容詞。14It is our belief to further expand markets and be satisfied with existing achievements_答案：satisfieddissatisfied句意：進(jìn)一步開拓市場，不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績是我們的信念。 根據(jù)上文“開拓市場”，說明“不滿足于現(xiàn)有成績”。15What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it is access to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries _答案：accessaccessible句意：氣功的特殊之處在于它可以躺著、坐著或站著去做。所以殘疾人、老年人和傷后恢復(fù)的人都可以做。系動詞is之后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故將access改為形容詞accessible，其意為“易接近的；容易理解的”。構(gòu)詞法(一)英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要可以分為派生法、合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。正確運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法知識，有助于學(xué)生辨識閱讀中遇到的生詞的能力，更有助于考生解答語法填空和短文改錯題中關(guān)于詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)題。一、名詞的后綴 1動詞­ion/­tion/­ation/­sion(表示動作或動作過程)名詞correctcorrection 糾正；改正 expectexpectation 期望 considerconsideration 考慮concludeconclusion 結(jié)論 2動詞­er/­or/­ee/­ar/­ess/­ian/­ist(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動的人，即具體表示某種“人”)名詞conductconductor 指揮；售票員teachteacher 教師 lieliar 說謊者employemployee 員工 artartist 藝術(shù)家musicmusician 音樂家3動詞­ment(表示行為狀態(tài)、過程、手段或結(jié)果)名詞punishpunishment 懲罰achieveachievement 成就 4動詞/形容詞­th名詞 warmwarmth 溫暖；熱情 5形容詞 ­y/­ty/­ity名詞 honesthonesty 誠實(shí) cruelcruelty 殘忍 responsibleresponsibility責(zé)任6形容詞­ness(表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì))名詞 carelesscarelessness 粗心 7動詞­ance/­ence名詞performperformance 表演；業(yè)績 preferpreference 偏愛8名詞­ship(表示身份、關(guān)系或資格)名詞membermembership 成員；會員 9動詞­ure/­ture名詞failfailure 失敗 mixmixture 混合物10形容詞­dom名詞 freefreedom 自由 11動詞­al名詞arrivearrival 到達(dá)12名詞­ful名詞mouthmouthful 一口；一滿口(的量)handhandful 一把；一把的量二、形容詞的前綴與后綴 1名詞­al(表示“有屬性”或“與有關(guān)”)形容詞 agricultureagricultural 農(nóng)業(yè)的nationnational 國家的 2動詞/名詞­able/­ible形容詞 acceptacceptable 可接受的 accessaccessible 容易達(dá)到的3動詞­ive形容詞actactive 積極的instructinstructive 具有教育意義的 4名詞­ful形容詞 carecareful 仔細(xì)的；認(rèn)真的 5名詞­y/­ly形容詞 wealthwealthy 富裕的 friendfriendly 友好的 6名詞­ous形容詞dangerdangerous 危險的 mountainmountainous 多山的7以­some結(jié)尾的形容詞tiretiresome 令人厭煩的 8以a­為首構(gòu)成的形容詞livealive 活(著)的wakeawake 醒著的三、動詞的前綴與后綴 1前綴en­ 形容詞動詞richenrich 使豐富 largeenlarge 變大；擴(kuò)大2前綴en­名詞動詞dangerendanger 危及；危害courageencourage 鼓勵3形容詞/名詞后綴­en動詞shortshorten 縮短 sharpsharpen 使尖銳 4以­ify結(jié)尾的動詞simplesimplify 使簡化 beautybeautify 使美化5以­ize結(jié)尾的動詞realrealize 意識到 memorymemorize 識記；記憶四、副詞的后綴 變化形式例詞直接加­ly(表示以某種方式)slowslowly 緩慢地extremeextremely 極端以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i，加­ly happyhappily 高興地merrymerrily 快樂地去e加­lytruetruly 真正地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加­ysimplesimply簡單地gentlegently溫柔地五、表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴1表示否定或相反意義的前綴(1)un­/dis­/in­/im­/ir­/il­/non­ 不，非 ableunable 不能夠 coveruncover 揭露honestdishonest不誠實(shí)的activeinactive 不活躍的 patientimpatient 不耐煩的 regularirregular 不規(guī)則的 logicalillogical 不合邏輯的 (2)mis­ 錯誤地leadmislead 誤導(dǎo) 2­less表示否定或相反意義的后綴useuseless 無用的 hopehopeless 毫無希望的限時25分鐘一、單句語法填空1(2017·全國卷)However, be _ (care) not to go to extremes答案：careful句意：然而，謹(jǐn)防走極端。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­ful。動詞be后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴­ful，可轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞，故填careful。2(2017·全國卷)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise答案：fairly句意：那時候，使用蒸汽機(jī)牽引車廂，乘客們肯定會因?yàn)闊熀驮胍舳鴺O為不舒服。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：­ly。所填詞修飾后面的形容詞unpleasant，應(yīng)用副詞；根據(jù)派生法規(guī)則，在形容詞后加后綴­ly，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)意義的副詞。故填fairly，意為“相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄?(2017·全國卷)This development was only possible with the _ (introduce) of the electric­powered engines and lifts答案：introduction句意：只有隨著電力機(jī)車和升降機(jī)的引進(jìn)，這種發(fā)展才有可能。所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­tion。所填詞位于定冠詞the之后，of之前，應(yīng)填名詞形式；根據(jù)派生詞規(guī)則，可在動詞后加后綴­tion，變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)意義的名詞，故填introduction。4(2017·全國卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900答案：successful句意：中部倫敦地鐵是這些新線路中最成功的線路之一，在1900年開放營運(yùn)。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­ful。所填詞位于表示最高級的“the most”之后，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在名詞后加后綴­ful，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的形容詞，故填successful，意為“成功的”。5(2017·全國卷)She is determined to carry on with her _ (educate)答案：education句意：她決心繼續(xù)接受教育。所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­ion。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞作賓語；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在動詞后加后綴­ion，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填education。6(2017·全國卷)It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal答案：certainly句意：這的確有趣，但這種生活方式有一點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的后綴：­ly。所填詞在句子中修飾形容詞fun，應(yīng)用副詞形式；根據(jù)派生詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在形容詞后加后綴­ly，構(gòu)成相應(yīng)意義的副詞。7(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical _ (equip), allowing more patients to be treated 答案：equipment句意：這家醫(yī)院近來已經(jīng)獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，使得更多的病人可以獲得救治。所填詞位于形容詞new medical之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則，在動詞后加后綴­ment可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填equipment。 8(2017·天津高考) I had a very poor _ (relation) with food: I used it to kill bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate答案：relationship句意：我與食物的關(guān)系很不和諧：我利用它來消除糟糕的心情，讓我自己感覺更好，并且用食物來慶祝。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­ship。故填relationship，意為“(抽象的或內(nèi)在的)關(guān)系”。9(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a _ (hand) of small carrots and was about to throw them away 答案：handful句意：去年十月，Lena Pahlsson 在照料她位于瑞典莫拉的花園時，她拔出一把小胡蘿卜，并且正要扔掉。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­ful。所填詞位于冠詞a之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在名詞后加后綴­ful可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填handful，意為“一把”。10(2017·浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object 答案：shiny/shining句意：但是某樣?xùn)|西讓她湊近了看，并且她注意到了一個閃光的物體。所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­y/­ing。 所填詞位于冠詞a之后，名詞object之前，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在動詞后加后綴­y/­ing構(gòu)成形容詞，故填shiny/shining。11(2017·江蘇高考)Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her _ (difficult)答案：difficulty句意：如果沒有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。所填詞涉及形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴：­y。所填詞位于形容詞性物主代詞her之后，應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則，可在形容詞之后加后綴­y，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的名詞，故填difficulty。12(2017·江蘇高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, _ (strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist 答案：strengthened句意：偉大前程這部小說的出版發(fā)行受到各界的評論和高度贊揚(yáng)，它鞏固了狄更斯作為頂尖小說家的地位。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞的后綴：­en。所填詞作句子的謂語；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，可在名詞后面加后綴­en，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的動詞，且本句描述過去的事實(shí)，故填strengthened。13(2016·江蘇高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing to accept any _ (construct) advice for a worthy cause 答案：constructive句意：他不會輕易妥協(xié)，但愿意為一項(xiàng)有價值的事業(yè)接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。所填詞涉及動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­ive。所填詞在句中修飾名詞advice，作定語，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則，可在動詞后面加后綴­ive，轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，故填constructive，意為“具有建設(shè)性的”。14(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning _ (necessary)答案：unnecessary句意：涼爽的風(fēng)吹過臥室的窗戶，使得空調(diào)都沒有必要了。所填詞涉及表示否定或相反意義的前綴。所填詞在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，應(yīng)填形容詞，根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“沒有必要的”；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)則，可在形容詞前加表示“沒有，不”的前綴un­，故填unnecessary，意為“沒有必要的”。15(2018·黃岡中學(xué)模擬)It is _ (danger) for a woman to walk alone at night答案：dangerous句意：女子一個人走夜路很危險。所填詞涉及名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的后綴：­ous。所填詞位于系動詞is之后，作表語，應(yīng)填形容詞；根據(jù)派生詞構(gòu)詞法規(guī)則，在名詞后可加后綴­ous，轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)意義的形容詞，故填dangerous，意為“危險的”。16(2018·全國卷)In tonight's Easter special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious _ (inspire) on a budget答案：inspiration根據(jù)前面的形容詞“delicious”可知，后面跟名詞，形容詞作定語，故填inspiration。17(2018·天津高考)Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my _ (disappoint) we were defeated答案：disappointment句意：作為新隊(duì)的教練，我非常興奮，因?yàn)槲抑牢覀冴?duì)要贏，但是令我失望的是，我們輸了。根據(jù)空格前的my可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式，故填disappointment。18(2018·衡水調(diào)研)Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would _ (normal) cost $325 to go in and see the film答案：normally根據(jù)空格位置可知，此處修飾動詞cost，故填提示詞的副詞形式normally。19(2018·全國卷)The most _ (hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading 答案：hopeful句意：報(bào)告中所分享的最令人鼓舞的數(shù)據(jù)是：在閱讀方面，父母是孩子的榜樣和重要的楷模。使用形容詞，修飾后面的名詞data，作定語。20(2018·全國卷)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold _ (discover) in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come答案：discoveries句意：城里到處都是不想安家定居的失望的人們，并且當(dāng)他們聽說在阿拉斯加發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子的時候，他們像來的時候那樣，迅速地離開了道森城。結(jié)合前面的“new gold”可知，后面跟名詞形式，同時根據(jù)there were是復(fù)數(shù)，故填discoveries。 21(2018·江蘇高考)The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without _ (fundament) changes to the industry答案：fundamental句意：不過，如果產(chǎn)業(yè)沒有發(fā)生基本變化的話，小農(nóng)場主的可持續(xù)發(fā)展不會發(fā)生。結(jié)合后面的名詞changes可知，前面使用形容詞作定語。22(2018·浙江高考)Cooking food can be fun You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your _ (healthy) but in your pocket答案：health句意：烹飪食物是一件有趣的事。你可能開始注意到它對你的健康和你的錢包的影響。根據(jù)前面的形容詞性物主代詞your可知，后面跟名詞，故填health。23(2018·天津高考)Despite recent _ (advance) in 3­D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome答案：advancements結(jié)合前面的形容詞“recent”可知，后面跟名詞，故填advancements。24(2018·甘肅西北師大附中診斷)With each shovel of dirt which hit his back, the donkey was doing something _ (amaze)答案：amazing形容詞修飾something等不定代詞，且應(yīng)位于其后，此處表示“令人驚訝的”，故填amazing。25(2019·江蘇啟東中學(xué)月考)When you set off for your appointment, make _ (allow) for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early答案：allowance句意：當(dāng)你出發(fā)去赴約時，要考慮到交通因素，確保你準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)，或者提前到達(dá)。make allowance for sth “考慮到某事”，故填allowance。26(2018·廣東二模)Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the _ (origin) book to get ahead答案：original此處需用形容詞修飾名詞book，指原版書，故填original。27(2018·全國卷)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes 答案：strengthen在不定式符號to后面用動詞原形。28(2019·深圳耀華實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校月考)Life is just a blank clothyou can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and _ (danger) people答案：dangerous修飾后面的名詞people，使用形容詞作定語，指危險的人們。29(2018·天津高考)The _ (possible)that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space答案：possibility定冠詞the后面接名詞，故填possibility。30(2019·山西大學(xué)附中高三模塊診斷)How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computersincluding your photos, your recent documentsno longer _ (access)?答案：accessible此處是findsb/sthadj意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人(物)”。形容詞作find的賓語的補(bǔ)足語，所以填accessible。二、 單句改錯1(2017·全國卷改編)There has been a recent trend in the food serve industry toward lower fat content and less salt _答