2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)11 閱讀七選五之說明文（Ⅰ）（含解析）

專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(十一)閱讀七選五之說明文()A(2018·吉林省調(diào)研考試)Nowadays more and more children now chat daily either online or through their mobile phones. 1 Some are shy “in real life” but are confident to communicate with others online；others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues，or problems at home.Sometimes the online world，just like the real world，can introduce problems，such as bullying or arguments. 2 But there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive (冒犯性的)or illegal aims.Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers. 3 Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable，you need to do the same for the websites and chat rooms your children visit.Remind your children that online friends are still strangers.Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert(警惕) 4 So it's likely that your children may know more than you do.We get left behind when it comes to the latest gadgets and the interactive areas of websites，like chat rooms and message boards，which are especially strange. 5 Chatters love to use abbreviations(縮寫)such as: atb all the best，bbfn bye bye for now，gr8 great，Idk I don't know，kit keep in touch，paw parents are watching，lol laugh out loud.It seems like another language，and it is!AGoing online is great fun.BComputer studies are part of schoolwork now.CThe language of chat is strange to many parents，too.DThere are some websites that are not suitable for children.ETo keep children safe，your management must cover the family computer.FThey are connecting to a huge number of other children all over the world.GSurfing the Internet takes too much of the time that should be spent on lessons.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，越來越多的孩子使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)或手機(jī)聊天，作為家長應(yīng)該怎樣監(jiān)督和引導(dǎo)孩子合理使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)呢？文章對此作了介紹。1F上一句提到，越來越多的孩子使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)或手機(jī)聊天，承接上文，應(yīng)是“他們與全世界的很多其他孩子保持聯(lián)系”，故選F。2A關(guān)鍵詞是后面的but，but后面介紹上網(wǎng)不好的一面，空格處應(yīng)表示好的一面，故A項(xiàng)“上網(wǎng)非常有趣”符合題意。3E下一句提到，正如你決定哪個(gè)電視節(jié)目適合(孩子)一樣，你必須對你孩子訪問的聊天室和網(wǎng)站做同樣的選擇。故E項(xiàng)“為了確保孩子安全，你要管理好家里的電腦”符合題意。4B下一句提到，因此你的孩子對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的了解比你還多。那么該空應(yīng)該解釋其原因，故B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)校教學(xué)的一部分”符合題意。5C下文列舉的是孩子們在網(wǎng)上聊天時(shí)用的一些奇怪的語言，故C項(xiàng)“聊天語言對很多家長來說也是很奇怪的”符合題意。B(2018·東莞市質(zhì)檢)Ways to Take More Vegetables into your MealsRecently，an increasing number of health problems among people have been reported.Surveys show that most of us get around two to three kinds of vegetables a day，falling far short of the five kinds that nutrition experts advise. 6 Sneak vegetables into breakfast and lunchOne reason we don't get enough vegetables is that many of us consider them merely as a rely aside dish to dinner. 7 Follow the golden ruleHalf of your dinner plate should be filled with vegetables. 8 This is the perfectly balanced dinner，according to experts. 9 Half a cucumber，a whole tomato，or a long，fresh carrot are just as pleasant to eat as an apple.It may seem unusual，but who cares? A whole vegetable makes a terrific snack.Move your vegetables to the top shelf of the fridgeAs long as they're bagged properly，they'll last as well as they would in a vegetable fresh container. 10 In particular，keep quick-to-eat vegetables such as baby carrots，tomatoes and cucumbers as accessible as possible.Go exoticEvery week，try to buy a slightly foreign vegetable，perhaps something that you've never eaten before.AEat vegetables like fruitBTake more unusual vegetablesCMore importantly，now they'll be seen easily and attractive.DHere are some health-boosting ways to take more vegetables into your daily diet.EThat leaves a quarter of the plate for rice or noodles and a quarter for meal or fish.FIf you really want to eat more vegetables，you can also eat them at breakfast and lunch.GWhen you want to eat more vegetables，make sure your fridge will be full of vegetables.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)今人們出現(xiàn)了越來越多的健康問題，這都與人們吃的蔬菜少有關(guān)。因此文中給出五條多吃蔬菜的建議。6D根據(jù)題目及下文中的5條建議可知，本句就是要給出“多吃蔬菜的方法”，分析七個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)(以下是一些促進(jìn)健康，讓你每天吃更多蔬菜的方法)符合題意。7F根據(jù)本節(jié)的小標(biāo)題Sneak vegetables into breakfast and lunch(把蔬菜放入早餐和午餐中)可知F項(xiàng)(如果你真的想多吃蔬菜，你也可以在早餐和午餐中吃)與標(biāo)題相符，故選F。8E分析本節(jié)的小標(biāo)題Follow the golden rule下的內(nèi)容可知，據(jù)專家介紹，你的餐盤里的一半應(yīng)該放滿蔬菜，E項(xiàng)(剩下的四分之一是米飯或面條，另外四分之一是肉或魚)符合題意。9A根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題是小標(biāo)題，分析本段內(nèi)容可知，半個(gè)黃瓜，一個(gè)完整的西紅柿，或者一個(gè)又長又新鮮的胡蘿卜，和吃蘋果一樣好吃，故A項(xiàng)(吃像水果的蔬菜)與題意相符。10C根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Move your vegetables to the top shelf of the fridge(把你的蔬菜搬到冰箱的頂層架子上)，再分析本段可知，放在上面就是為了吸引你的注意力而去吃，因此C項(xiàng)(更重要的是，現(xiàn)在它們看起來很容易吸引人)符合題意。C(2018·蘭州市第一中學(xué)模擬)At what age does a child became an adult? 11 Here are a few examples.First，in some North American Indian culture，a boy became a man around the age of 13.At that time，he would go into the woods alone，without food or water，for several days. 12 Girls became adult women as soon as they were old to have babies，also around the age of 12 or 13.In the Jewish religion，children spend years studying their history and religion.Then， at age of 13 for boys and 12 for girls，they go through an important religious ceremony. 13 In Japan today，young people become legal adult at age 20.Each year on January 15th，they celebrate “Coming-of-Age Day”，when the 20-year-olds in a town are invited to attend to special ceremony. 14 Finally，in the United States，the passage into adulthood takes several years.American teenagers look forward to their 16th birthday because in most states that is the age when can get a driver's license.The legal age of adulthood is 18，when Americans can vote，get married and work full-time.However，they must wait until age 21 to buy alcohol. 15 AMany people celebrate their 21st birthday by having a drink with friends in a bar.BIt's hard to answer the question.CThe answer depends on your culture or religion.DFrom that day，they are adults，and they become responsible for their own religious development.EWhen he returned safely，he became an adult man.FThe teenagers are not allowed to drink alcohol.GThey wear traditional clothes，listen to speeches and visit old friends.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，文章列舉了不同國家不同文化背景對成年人的界定。11C上句講孩子在什么年齡叫成年人？下文是一些具體例子，不同國家有不同的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故C項(xiàng)(答案要根據(jù)不同的文化和地區(qū)而定)符合題意。12E本段講北美印第安人的習(xí)俗，男孩到了13歲就獨(dú)自進(jìn)入森林，在無食物和水的情況下待幾天。E項(xiàng)(男孩安全回來后就成了男人)是其結(jié)論，故選E。13D本段講在猶太地區(qū)，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)歷史和宗教。男孩12歲女孩13歲時(shí)參加一次重要的宗教儀式。D項(xiàng)(從那天起他們就是成年人了，他們要對宗教發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)任)是對上文情況的結(jié)論，故選D。14G本段講在日本，20歲成為法定成年人，每年1月15日參加專門的儀式。G項(xiàng)(他們穿著傳統(tǒng)的服裝，聽演講和拜訪老朋友)是儀式當(dāng)天的活動，與上文銜接，故選G。15A本段講在美國不同年齡不同權(quán)利的界定，上句講必須要等到21歲才能買酒，A項(xiàng)(許多人通過在酒吧和朋友喝酒來慶祝21歲生日)與上句銜接，故選A。D(2018·云南師大附中模擬) 16 The cruel reality：not very safe，potentially.Despite this，some simple steps are to make your online experience safe.Read on to find out the easiest ways to make sure your information is kept safe.Manage passwords.Constantly changing your password has always been a basic form of protection. 17 First passwords should never include your personal information.So stay away from names and birthdates.Ideally，passwords should contain different letters，random numbers.It's better to have a very strong，long password that doesn't have any personal information. 18 Deceptive phishing (網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚)is one of the most common types of trick.It's best to view all emails with care.Hackers can make emails look like real company emails.That can trick readers into clicking on dangerous links.If doing so，you could end up introducing a virus to your computer or accidentally giving sensitive information to the wrong people.Use two-factor identification.Two-factor identification adds a second level of security to an account.It's a security option that requires a password as well as an additional piece of information only the user would know.Sometimes，it's a code sent to your cellphone that has to be entered after a password. 19 Updated apps and operating systems are a must.Too often，users are unwilling to update their mobile devices.It seems that updates only change the way your phone's software looks. 20 Be careful with public charging stations and Wi-Fi.Charging stations and Wi-Fi are a convenience provided to the public，but they can bring risks for they may be connected to another compromised (缺乏免疫力的)device.If you connect to Wi-Fi and then it asks you to download something，you shouldn't do that.AView emails with a sharp eye.BIn fact，it can make your phone work fast，too.CWhat should we do to keep our information safe?DActually，they often come with security improvements.EThe additional characteristic can keep your information much safer.FHow safe is personal information on your computer or cell phone?GBut what passwords to pick and how to manage them really matter.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主要講述了一些保護(hù)手機(jī)和電腦信息，防止信息被泄露的方法。16F根據(jù)空格后的回答The cruel reality: not very safe，potentially.“殘酷的事實(shí)是網(wǎng)上信息和手機(jī)信息有潛在的泄露危險(xiǎn)”可知F項(xiàng)“你的手機(jī)電腦中信息有多安全？”符合題意。17G空格前的句子說“經(jīng)常換密碼一直是一種基本保護(hù)形式”，空格后的句子說“密碼設(shè)置時(shí)不要用姓名或生日”。因此，G項(xiàng)“密碼的選擇和管理至關(guān)重要”符合題意。18A根據(jù)空格的位置得知屬于小標(biāo)題，后面的句子It's best to view all emails with care.提示應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。19E空格前的句子建議我們在設(shè)置密碼時(shí)再添加一條只有自己知道的額外信息，空格處應(yīng)是說明這樣做的好處，故選E。20D本節(jié)的小標(biāo)題告訴我們要經(jīng)常升級手機(jī)應(yīng)用，空格前的句子It seems that updates only change the way your phone's software looks.，接下來應(yīng)是說“其實(shí)還給予手機(jī)安全系統(tǒng)的提升”，故選D。E(2018·合肥市聯(lián)考)A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment.The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 21 .Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 22 .After a while，it collects in the sea.And plastic never goes away.Plastic is not biodegradabledestroyed by bacteria or natural processes.Instead，it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time.The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物) 23 .That means harmful material may get into our food supply.24 .Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it.They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly.Plastic recycling programs also workswhere old bottles and other plastics are collected，broken down and used to make new products.We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to，rather than end it after the first use.We could，when we get rid of that plastic，recycle it and reuse it，which replaces the need for raw materials.The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 25 .And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.AThen，fish may eat the plastics.BBut people can make a big difference.CPlastics should be gathered together and reused.DIt is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.EIt asks for them to better measure and control plastic use.FThe plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.GThe report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主要講述了塑料是如何進(jìn)入海洋危害海洋生物和人類的，并呼吁人們和公司采取措施來保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。21G上文提到在聯(lián)合國的一次會議上提出了關(guān)于塑料污染海洋的報(bào)道，所以此句說明報(bào)道的內(nèi)容，故選G。22F根據(jù)上文的“makes its way into rivers and other waterways”及下文的“it collects in the sea”可知，這句話講的是塑料最終進(jìn)入了大海，故選F。23A根據(jù)下文的“That means harmful material may get into our food supply.”可知，我們的食物來源魚類有可能吃到塑料，故選A。24B根據(jù)下文可知，人類引起污染，也可以采取措施制止污染，所以此句應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折，故選B。25E根據(jù)前一句講述“報(bào)道呼吁公司要改進(jìn)塑料的使用方法?！惫蔈項(xiàng)“它要求他們更好地測量和控制塑料的使用。”承接上一句，E項(xiàng)中的It代指前一句提到的The report。7