2022年高考英語 語法知識(shí)匯總 第10章 非謂語動(dòng)詞二

2022年高考英語 語法知識(shí)匯總 第10章 非謂語動(dòng)詞二1.以不定式作賓語的詞：（初中）三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)（hope,wish,want,agree,promise) 一個(gè)要求莫拒絕（demand，refuse） 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定（manage，learn，decide) 不要假裝在選擇（pretend ，choose）想要干want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, claim， threaten，would like / love, desire, swear long, demand seem intend prefer promise早打算plan, prepare, mean, arrange manage同意否agree, undertake, offer, choose, refuse, afford 問問看ask, beg，(ask to do 要求做)learn 決定了decide, determine / be determined, make up one's mind dare,盡力干try, struggle, strive help happen chance 別裝蒜Pretend wait fail hesitate2.巧記疑問詞接to do 作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞：學(xué)會(huì)忘記是有難處，(learn,forget)想知道就別來勸告。(wonder,know,advise)展示討論教人對(duì)付(show,discuss,teach)弄清楚才決定告訴。(find out,decide,tell)3.巧記即可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式的動(dòng)詞：一旦開始莫后悔，（begin，star，regret)愛憎分明莫忘記。(like,love,hate,forget,remember)繼續(xù)努力有打算，(continue,try,mean)三個(gè)需要更情愿。(need,want,require,prefer)4巧記后接省略to的不定式的動(dòng)詞：一感（feel），二聽（listen to，hear）三讓（let, make,have),四看（look at,see,watch,notice5.以動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：考慮建議慶原諒，（consider,suggest,celebrate,forgive,excuse)承認(rèn)介意包括想。(admit,mind,include,imagine,fancy)避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，(avoid,miss,continue,practice)否定完成欣賞愛。(deny,finish,appreciate,love,enjoy)禁止說服遭冒險(xiǎn)，(forbid,prohibit,persuade,suffer,endure,stand,risk)抵制推遲憶逃亡。(resist,postpone,delay,recall,escape)Object to ,pay attention to,look forward to,get down to 6. 以不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞：advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,get,force,invite,expect,order,permit,persuade,require,want,war,teach,wish7. 以動(dòng)名詞作賓補(bǔ)的感官和使役動(dòng)詞：see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep，make.8. 有些詞即可以以動(dòng)名詞作賓語又可以以不定式作賓語，并且區(qū)別不大 。I had seriously considered telling the story. Surely nobody would suggest turning him out of the house. 當(dāng)然不會(huì)有人建議把他從房子里趕出去。 She celebrate her passing the exam.You could forgive my insulting you. 你原諒我對(duì)你的侮辱。第一節(jié)分詞作定語：用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞修飾名詞或代詞。1. Who is the man standing there.2.this is the book written by LuXun.3.look the broken window.4.That is a sleeping boy.句子1，現(xiàn)在分詞短語 standing there做man的后置定語；句子2，過去分詞短語written by LuXun 做book的后置定語；句子3，過去分詞broken 做window 的前置定語；句子4.現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping做名詞boy的前置定語。規(guī)律一：分詞做定語的位置 分詞短語-后置定語；分詞-前置定語 分詞的作用：相當(dāng)于定語從句1. Who is the man that is standing there.2.this is the book which was written by LuXun.3.look at the window which is broken . 4.That is the boy who is sleeping. 主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系：主動(dòng)：分詞與被修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng)：分詞與被修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系二、 分詞做定語的時(shí)間Doing (表示任一時(shí)間或同時(shí)），表示主動(dòng)，表示進(jìn)行。如：The man giving us a talk yesterday.Who is the man standing there.The room facing south.Done (忽略時(shí)間或在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前）表示已經(jīng)完成，表示被動(dòng)。I go to see the man operated on yesterday.(非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞see之前I go to see the man being operated on now.(非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞see同時(shí)I go to see the man to be operated on tomorrow.(非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞see之后分詞做定語總結(jié)：主動(dòng)：doing (任意時(shí)間） 分 詞 做 定 語done 謂語動(dòng)詞之前被動(dòng)Being done 謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)分詞的完成式不作定語To be done謂語動(dòng)詞之后第二節(jié) 分詞作狀語 同時(shí) doing (任意時(shí)間）現(xiàn)在分詞一般式 主動(dòng)： 方式原因條件伴隨等Having done 謂語動(dòng)詞之前 分 詞 做 狀 語done 方式原因條件伴隨等 被動(dòng)Being done 謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)（正在被）Having been done謂語動(dòng)詞之前(已經(jīng)被）例句：Singing and dancing,he came in.Having finished his homework,he went to bed.Being built ,the school is in a mass.Having been told the news.,he went to the hospital.1. Followed by 6 students ,he came in. ( )2. Being followed by 6 students ,he came in. ( × )3. Having been followed by 6 students ,he came in. ( × )Followed表示方式，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后，不用說“正在被跟隨”還是“已經(jīng)被跟隨”； done表示方式，原因，條件，伴隨等等，不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后順序，而Being done 和having done 在作定語時(shí)只表示謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間先后。