（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 二 文章或段落大意題學(xué)案 新人教版

二、文章或段落大意題(2019·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章主要講述了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹急劇減少的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。27Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?ATheseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.BTheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.CThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.DTheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees.declinedby50percent.morethan55percent.75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A項(xiàng)。28Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?AEcologicalstudiesofforests.BBanningwoodcutting.CLimitinghousingdevelopment.DFirecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Apetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)”可知，聲勢(shì)浩大的森林防火措施雖然一定程度上保護(hù)了森林，但同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致小樹泛濫，與大樹爭(zhēng)搶資源，從而導(dǎo)致大樹數(shù)量減少，故選D項(xiàng)。29WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?AInadequatesnowmelt.BAlongerdryseason.CAwarmerclimate.DDampnessoftheair.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid.havebeenrisingtemperatures.reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre認(rèn)為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C項(xiàng)。30Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ACaliforniasForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?BCuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonCWhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?DPatrickMcIntyre: GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講述了美國(guó)加州森林中大樹數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。因此A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。一、題型解讀說(shuō)明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說(shuō)明類，都會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/the passage/text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.二、解題技巧“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無(wú)明顯的主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見(jiàn)山，提出主題，用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題，是最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細(xì)節(jié)描述歸納主題進(jìn)一步解釋。以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞匯(如however，but，in fact，actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等詞。例如：【真題感悟】中第27題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thenumberoftrees.declinedby50percent.morethan55percent.75percent”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加州森林中大樹急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A項(xiàng)。A(2019·河北衡水中學(xué)押題卷二)Astheparentofa7­year­oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictureofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewordeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過(guò)分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundariesinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanItandStopPeople­PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade­oldbookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust­readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people­pleasers”Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself­respect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.Forpeople­pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newmanwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommonthingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skills.Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？ItsOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.語(yǔ)篇解讀在日常生活中，說(shuō)“是”意味著讓自己接受新的體驗(yàn)，迎接新的或更深層次的關(guān)系。但是，太多的“是”會(huì)讓我們感到焦慮、過(guò)分受約束、無(wú)力在生活中設(shè)定和維持界限。本文建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說(shuō)“不”。1WhydoestheauthorincludehisownpersonalexperienceinParagraph1?AToblamehimself.BToshowhowtoguidekids.CTotellhislikesanddislikes.DTohelprecommendabook.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Buttoomuchyesleavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(過(guò)分受約束的)andpowerlesstosetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷是為了推薦一本書。故選D。2WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?AHowtodealwitharequest.BWhyaskersturntoothersforafavor.CWhypeople­pleaserssay“yes”toooften.DHowtostrengthenrelationshipswithaskers.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlifepeople­pleasers”和“Forpeople­pleasers，yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要談?wù)摰氖恰盀槭裁慈倓e人的人總是說(shuō)是”。故選C。3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean?AOccasions.BProcesses.CAdventures.DStories.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考慮了朋友、工作、家庭和養(yǎng)育子女之間的關(guān)系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommonthingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemynoskills.”(通過(guò)閱讀這些場(chǎng)景，我意識(shí)到他們有一些共同的事情，這些事情立即開始幫助我提高我的“不”技能。)可知畫線詞的意思是“場(chǎng)合，場(chǎng)景”。故選A。4Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?AGivenoresponsetoanydemand.BLearntosay“no”inapositiveway.CKeepopenallchannelsofcommunication.DSay“yes”constantlywithoutfeelingguilty.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou? ItsOKiftheanswerisno，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建議我們學(xué)會(huì)用積極的方式說(shuō)“不”。故選B。B(2019·山西大學(xué)附中模擬)BluePlanetslatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic.Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldntpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwestilldontreallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.Anditsnotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster，worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedonthavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.Thisisnotaproblemwherewedontknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodispose(處理) ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle­useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebagwhentaken3collectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了藍(lán)色星球的最新一集關(guān)注的是塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒(méi)了。5Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?ATheplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.BPlasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.CTheworldcouldntpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.DPlasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，雖然現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，沒(méi)有塑料世界是不可能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，但消費(fèi)塑料卻是最近才發(fā)明的。第一個(gè)塑料袋是在20世紀(jì)50年代問(wèn)世的，就在塑料包裝在美國(guó)開始流行的那十年里，塑料包裝的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)得如此之快，以至于科學(xué)仍在跟上這一變化。例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一門非常早期的科學(xué)。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科學(xué)跟不上。故選D。6HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?ABystatistics.BByquotationsfromleadingexperts.CByusingexamplesfromhisownexperience.DBycomparisonandcontrast.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段介紹：我們把所有這些塑料投入到環(huán)境中，但我們?nèi)匀徊恢罆?huì)產(chǎn)生什么結(jié)果。然而，我們所知道的是令人不安的。據(jù)估計(jì)，海洋塑料每年會(huì)殺死數(shù)百萬(wàn)的海洋動(dòng)物。據(jù)了解，包括瀕危生物在內(nèi)的近700種物種已被證實(shí)受到影響。有三分之一的棱皮龜胃里都有塑料制品，它們經(jīng)常把塑料袋誤認(rèn)為水母。目前，90%的海鳥經(jīng)常吃塑料制品。到2050年，這一數(shù)字有望上升到100%。由此可知，作者是通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。7Whatcanweinferaboutclimatechange?AClimatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.BSomepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange.CClimatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution.DOceanplasticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster, worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers(否認(rèn)者), atleastsofar.(我可以理解為什么有些人把海洋塑料視為災(zāi)難，這和氣候變化一樣值得提及。海洋塑料不像氣候變化那么復(fù)雜。沒(méi)有海洋垃圾否認(rèn)者，至少到目前為止是這樣)”可推知，有些人對(duì)氣候變化持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。8Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?AOceanplasticisaglobalissue.BTheoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.CBluePlanethasleftviewersheartbroken.DPlasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.答案B解析主旨大意題。文章介紹了塑料如何對(duì)海洋產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性影響，如何慢慢毒害我們的海洋生物。研究人員最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)，生活在地球上最深處馬里亞納海溝的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的確，海洋被塑料淹沒(méi)了，由此可知，文章大意講塑料充斥著海洋。故選B。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思1Partofmyjobistomaintainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.維持2IvelookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandIvefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令人困擾的3To achieve our goals，we should team up with each other and work collectively.共同地，集體地(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換4Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextduringclassarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often5ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/consequence(三)一詞多義6picturen圖片；照片v想象，設(shè)想；描繪(1)Icantpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象(2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.圖片7figuren數(shù)字；體形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；圖形；人影v計(jì)算；認(rèn)為，估計(jì)(1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.數(shù)字(2)IhavefiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.計(jì)算(3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.認(rèn)為(4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkness.n.人影(5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.體形，身材.長(zhǎng)難句理解8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞scenarios，inwhich相當(dāng)于“where”。rangingfrom.為v.­ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞reasons。精美譯文這本書提供了數(shù)百個(gè)場(chǎng)景的簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話，在這些場(chǎng)景中，“不”是正確的答案，說(shuō)“不”的原因包括時(shí)間管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力和情感邊界。9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebagwhentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.句式分析本句為并列句，由破折號(hào)連接。破折號(hào)之前的主干為Thingsthatmayseemordinary，like表示“例如”。破折號(hào)后面的主句為thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意義，有重大影響”；whentakencollectively實(shí)際上是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，構(gòu)成“連詞過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。精美譯文看似普通的事情，比如使用可重復(fù)使用的瓶子或可重復(fù)使用的袋子當(dāng)大家都選擇這樣做時(shí)，那么就會(huì)對(duì)我們的環(huán)境有重大意義。強(qiáng)化練(十九) .閱讀理解A(2019·河南安陽(yáng)二模)Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，aswehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble­makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactlywhathelpsmakeecosystems(生態(tài))healthy.YellowstoneNationalParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2018studyanalyzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark.“Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，especiallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互動(dòng)) inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wewerereallysurprisedatthatandwedneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadntadoptedecological­processmanagementallowingnaturalecologicalprocessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.”Afterthewolveswerere­introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtreesincreasedinnumber.Thepopulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer­wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse.Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators (捕食者) wereneededfordiverseecosystemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator­preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkaboutwolves.Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，其中黃石公園對(duì)狼的引進(jìn)就是一個(gè)典型的例子。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Expect.B.Understand.C.Notice.D.Accept.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黃石公園從狼群的重新引入中獲益，其方式出乎我們的意料。故選A。2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade?A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild.B.Toshowhowwolvesbenefitfromecosystems.C.TorecordhowAaronWirsingobservedwolves.D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍攝紀(jì)錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對(duì)生態(tài)有益的。故選D。3.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies.B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolves.C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies.D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段第一句“Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，這項(xiàng)研究再次證明了為什么保護(hù)這些食肉動(dòng)物不僅對(duì)狼這個(gè)物種很重要，而且對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)層面的物種都很重要。故這項(xiàng)研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護(hù)狼的重要性。故選B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefearofwolvesisbeneficialtoecosystems.B.Thefearofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing.C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves.D.TheintroductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess.答案A解析主旨大意題。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動(dòng)物對(duì)狼的恐懼對(duì)維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的。故選A。BIreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandtheresidents(住戶)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstoriestothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonandahug.Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Therearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrandparents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.Itsamajorprobleminmanysocieties.Thatswhyinter­generational(代際的) programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother.OnesuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuchaswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisitors.Forexample，aretiredjudgemaybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw.Butitisntonlytheindividualsconcernedwhogainfrominter­generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandaccepttheyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenperhapsgettingoldwontbesosadafterall.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問(wèn)題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問(wèn)題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。5.Whydoestheauthormentionthenewspaperarticleheread?A.Toargueforanewconcept.B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.Todrawourattentiontoasocialproblem.答案C解析推理判斷題。分析整篇文章可知，文章是按照“社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)分析這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因代際計(jì)劃成功的實(shí)例這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的積極意義”的結(jié)構(gòu)展開的，因此可判斷作者提到他在報(bào)紙上讀到的那篇文章是為了介紹文章的主題，這樣才能引出文章的其他內(nèi)容。故C選項(xiàng)正確。6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhyinter­generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld.B.Theinter­generationalprogramsbenefitstoindividuals.C.Theinter­generationalprogramsallovertheworld.D.Theexamplesofinter­generationalactivities.答案D解析段落大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，世界各地都有代際計(jì)劃成功的例子。利用年輕人向老年人傳授IT技能就是一個(gè)明顯的例子。在學(xué)校里讓老人做志愿者是另一個(gè)例子。倫敦有一項(xiàng)成功的計(jì)劃，把年輕的志愿者和失明的老年人結(jié)對(duì)。例如，一個(gè)退休的法官可能與一個(gè)想學(xué)習(xí)法律的青少年結(jié)對(duì)。由此可知，該段主要介紹了代際活動(dòng)的例子。故D選項(xiàng)正確。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoungB.ANewConceptinCaringfortheOldIsBornC.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoungD.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新思維，即在孩子們的生活與老年人的生活之間架起一座橋梁，這樣既解決了老人孤獨(dú)的問(wèn)題又緩解了孩子們不能被充分照顧的問(wèn)題，使人們一舉兩得從而滿足各自的需要。所以短文是圍繞著“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”展開的。所以A選項(xiàng)“建立老年人和年輕人聯(lián)系的橋梁”為本文最佳標(biāo)題。CCortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictablets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默認(rèn)) identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedvoicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhousethem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvolunteerswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak.Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16­year­oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacationrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthatsreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid.“Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthatareuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonalizedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecordingsfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers.Also，peoplesvoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygetolder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.JohnA.GregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoicefromVocaliDlas