2019版高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2板塊 專題3 完形填空 第2節(jié) 五大解題技法學(xué)案（含解析）

第2節(jié) 五大解題技法技法一利用上下文暗示解題解題技法分述在多數(shù)空白前后的上下文中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)或多或少的設(shè)空依據(jù)，就是所謂的“伏筆”或“暗示”。考生在閱讀過(guò)程中會(huì)根據(jù)這些伏筆或暗示，或順勢(shì)對(duì)下文進(jìn)行推測(cè)，或逆向?qū)ι衔倪M(jìn)行推導(dǎo)，心中往往能預(yù)判出答案，并且在閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)預(yù)想答案不斷進(jìn)行修正。經(jīng)典案例分析(2018·全國(guó)卷)During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I41.jumped at the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，I'd always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I weren't 43 enough about free credits，news about our44.instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which45.meant I would be learning from one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to47.meet him.42A.wasteBearnCsaveDpay43A.excitedBworriedCmovedDtired46A.fastestBeasiestCbestDrarest思路分析根據(jù)第一句的a“free”course可知課程是免費(fèi)的，我欣然接受，畢竟誰(shuí)不想節(jié)省幾美元呢？故42空選 C ；根據(jù)44空后面的appealing可知，即使我對(duì)自由學(xué)分不感興趣，可是關(guān)于這門(mén)課程教師的消息卻對(duì)我有足夠的吸引力，故43空選 A ；根據(jù)45空前的an international grandmaster可知他是一位國(guó)際大師，這意味著我將師從最佳國(guó)際象棋選手之一，故46空選 C 。(2018·江蘇高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers' fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(診斷)with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.36A.drawn upBused upCbacked upDkept up37A.mildBcommonCpreventableDserious38A.cureBluckCcareDpromise39A.businessBwalkingCbusDrail思路分析根據(jù)36空后面的to pay lawyers' fees可知，為了支付律師的費(fèi)用，他們的積蓄都用光了，故36空選 B ；根據(jù)38空后面的only pain relief可知，只能緩解疼痛，沒(méi)法治愈，這說(shuō)明疾病很?chē)?yán)重，故37空選 D ，38空選 A ；根據(jù)39空后面的an old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide可知，他們決定作一次徒步旅行，故39空選 B 。技法二利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題解題技法分述完形填空的文章雖短，但卻是一個(gè)意義完整、上下關(guān)聯(lián)的語(yǔ)篇，所討論的是同一主題，所以行文中的替代現(xiàn)象和詞語(yǔ)重復(fù)是不可避免的。詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)是指某一詞以原詞、指代詞、同義詞、反義詞、概括詞等出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中，句子通過(guò)這種復(fù)現(xiàn)得到了相互銜接。完形填空的某個(gè)空白處的答案可能就是上下文復(fù)現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，據(jù)此可快速找出正確答案。經(jīng)典案例分析(2018·天津高考)I learned this lesson from a(n)17.experience many years ago.I took the head 18 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didn't even practice to 20.prepare for the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.18A.operatingBeditingCconsultingDcoaching19A.successfulBexcellentCstrongDnew思路分析根據(jù)20空后面的Being the coach of the new team可知，我擔(dān)任新隊(duì)的教練，那么通過(guò)coach的復(fù)現(xiàn)我們可鎖定18空選 D ；根據(jù)19空前的old可知，老隊(duì)和新隊(duì)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽是一種傳統(tǒng)，這樣通過(guò)old的反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)可鎖定19空選 D ，后面old和new的再次出現(xiàn)更加印證了答案。(2017·全國(guó)卷)A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman.But 41.restrictions apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 .Jordan Axani,28，said he and his then girlfriend，Elizabeth Gallagher，booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May，but their 43.relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44.go to waste.The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可轉(zhuǎn)讓)45.policy，but since passport information was not required when 46 ，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47.use it.42A.originBpassportCaccentDfriend46A.applyingBbookingCcheckingDbargaining思路分析根據(jù)45空后面的passport information was not required可知，當(dāng)時(shí)不需要提供護(hù)照信息，只要有護(hù)照就能夠申請(qǐng)，故42空選 B ；根據(jù)43空前面的booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May可知，在五月訂購(gòu)了一張打折很多的機(jī)票，故46空選 B 。技法三利用習(xí)慣搭配解題 解題技法分述完形填空經(jīng)常在文章中考查詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配，主要考查動(dòng)詞與名詞、代詞之間，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞與介詞之間的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解題的重要手段。經(jīng)典案例分析(2018·全國(guó)卷)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this48. job was no game for him; he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50.pass the class， among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52.eventually，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53.course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54.classroom.49A.realBperfectCclearDpossible51A.add BexposeCapply Dcompare思路分析49空所在的句子說(shuō)，在他的介紹中，他明確表示這些學(xué)分不容易得到。make .clear意為“把說(shuō)清楚”為固定短語(yǔ)，故49空選 C ；51空所在的句子說(shuō)，為了通過(guò)這門(mén)課，我們必須寫(xiě)一篇論文，講述我們?nèi)绾斡?jì)劃將在課堂里所學(xué)的知識(shí)應(yīng)用于未來(lái)的職業(yè)中。apply .to .“將應(yīng)用于之中”，為固定短語(yǔ)，故51空選 C 。(2018·北京高考)Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people in the area，which by yesterday had received 8,000.“I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in the street; he's had job 34.offers and all sorts，” Mr.Anderson commented.32A.borrowBraiseCsaveDearn33A.ofBatCforDin思路分析32空所在的句子說(shuō)，Mr.Anderson在網(wǎng)上發(fā)起一個(gè)活動(dòng)為Mr.Smith和其他無(wú)家可歸的人籌錢(qián)。raise money“籌錢(qián)”為固定短語(yǔ)，故32空選 B ；33空所在的句子說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為大家向他表示出的信任感動(dòng)了他。faith常和介詞in搭配，show faith in意為“對(duì)表示信任”，故33空選 D 。技法四利用邏輯關(guān)系解題解題技法分述文章的段與段、句與句之間通常具有一定的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，如：并列關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系，遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，目的關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系等。完形填空經(jīng)常會(huì)考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的這些語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的把握。因此，理清文章的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵。經(jīng)典案例分析(2018·北京高考)Mr.Anderson said: “I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26.when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27 he didn't take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 .It's unbelievable.It just proves there are 29.honest guys out there.”27A.ratherByetCalreadyDjust28A.tooBthoughCagainDinstead思路分析27和28空所在的句子說(shuō)，這個(gè)人一無(wú)所有，但是他沒(méi)有拿走錢(qián)包，他考慮的是別人，沒(méi)有考慮自己。27空前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，and yet相當(dāng)于but，故27空選 B ；28空表示的是選擇關(guān)系，表示“替代”，故28空選 D 。(2017·浙江高考)The books are in every language new books，ancient books， 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42.safe place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.40A.thenBstillCevenDrather41A.permissionBconfirmationCexplanationDinformation思路分析40空所在的句子在語(yǔ)義上表示遞進(jìn)，“有新書(shū)、古書(shū)，甚至還有700年前有關(guān)伊拉克歷史的書(shū)籍”，故40空選 C ；42空后有but，應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)“但是他們拒絕了”，可知，她請(qǐng)求過(guò)政府的允許，故41空選 A 。技法五利用情景排除解題解題技法分述完形填空的某些設(shè)空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏筆”或“暗示”的，這時(shí)就要求考生對(duì)空白前后的情景進(jìn)行合理想象，然后用排除法確定正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗膫€(gè)選項(xiàng)中必有一正確選項(xiàng)。經(jīng)典案例分析(2017·全國(guó)卷)Through the years，I'd run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52.graduation from high school and remained the same 53.caring person I met forty years before.Once，while working overnight at a store，he let a homeless man 54.sleep in his truck.Another time，he 55 a friend money to buy a house.51A.assessmentsBcommentsCinstructionsDupdates55A.paidBchargedClentDowed思路分析51題在文中找不到伏筆或暗示，但根據(jù)前后的情景可知，作者這些年不時(shí)地會(huì)碰到以前的學(xué)生，他們會(huì)給他提供些老學(xué)生們的“新信息(updates)”，這樣就可排除A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，故51題選 D ；根據(jù)55空白后的“朋友買(mǎi)房”，可判定他借給了朋友一些錢(qián)，故55題選 C 。(2016·四川高考)Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you don't want to read it，give it 54.back.Maybe your mom would 55 hearing the story.”The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.By the end of the first chapter， 56 were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little 57.louder.”55A.enjoyBadmitCmindDfinish56A.decisionsBrequestsCcommentsDpromises思路分析55和56題在文中找不到伏筆或暗示，但根據(jù)前后的情景還是能推出答案的。55空前面說(shuō)讓小孩把書(shū)歸還，“或許你的媽媽喜歡(enjoy)聽(tīng)這個(gè)故事”，其他選項(xiàng)明顯與前后情景不符，可排除，故55題選 A ；56空后面的“Please read a little 57.louder.”是一個(gè)祈使句，明顯是表示“要求(requests)”，可很容易地排除其他選項(xiàng)，故56題選 B 。(2016·全國(guó)卷)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(裝置)on your desk.And they've never actually 21 you.Everything they know about you 22 through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 25 is.Powerful, yes, but not always 26 .For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met 27 ， got me rock­bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really 28 me.I sometimes wished to 29 another agent.One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Rani's office 31 .The woman sitting at the desk， 32 my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 33 smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 34 immediately.“What a wonderful lady！”I thought.Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder，“By the way, what's your name？”“I'm Rani，”she said.I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 37 ！ Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 38 .Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.Rani's 39 her warm smile, her nods，her I'm here for you 40 were all silent signals that didn't travel through wires.21A.acceptedBnoticedCheardDmet22A.cameBmovedCranDdeveloped23A.ThusBYetCThenDIndeed24A.ratherBalsoCjustDalready25A.telephoneBvoiceCconnectionDimpression26A.directBusefulCeasyDaccurate27A.in personBby myselfCin publicDon purpose28A.annoyedBinterestedCdiscouragedDconfused29A.promoteBtrainCfindDknow30A.arrangeBpostponeCconfirmDbook31A.for the first timeBat any timeCfrom time to timeDin good time32A.expectingBseeingCtestingDavoiding33A.shyBcomfortingCfamiliarDforced34A.billBformCticketDlist35A.hopefullyBdisappointedlyCgratefullyDregretfully36A.carefulBseriousCnervousDpleasant37A.amusedBworriedChelplessDspeechless38A.calmBniceCproudDclever39A.forgivenessBeagernessCfriendlinessDskillfulness40A.explanationBattitudeCconceptDbehavior21D詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段“Rani，my faceless agent whom I'd never met”可知，“他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)(meet)你”。22A情景排除。他們對(duì)你的了解全部通過(guò)這臺(tái)裝置，有時(shí)是來(lái)自數(shù)百英里之外。come from“來(lái)自”，符合語(yǔ)境。23B邏輯關(guān)系。前文說(shuō)他們對(duì)你的了解全部通過(guò)這臺(tái)裝置，后文說(shuō)他們覺(jué)得能夠通過(guò)你的聲音了解你，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。24C情景排除。“但是他們覺(jué)得僅僅(just)需要聽(tīng)到你的聲音就能了解你?！?5A上下文暗示。文章開(kāi)頭說(shuō)到“that little device”，下文提到“only by phone”和“travel through wires”，故選telephone。26D情景排除。由上下文情景可知“電話功能雖強(qiáng)大，但不總是準(zhǔn)確(accurate)”。27A習(xí)慣搭配、上下文暗示。in person“親自”；never met in person與上文的faceless相呼應(yīng)。28A情景排除。雖然該旅行代理人總能給作者最低價(jià)格，但她冷冰冰的聲音讓他不開(kāi)心(annoyed)。29C情景排除。作者對(duì)瑞妮冷冰冰的語(yǔ)氣很是氣惱，有時(shí)希望另外找(find)個(gè)代理人。30D上下文暗示、習(xí)慣搭配。由后面的“a family emergency”可知，作者家中有急事，需馬上坐飛機(jī)回家，book a flight“預(yù)訂機(jī)票”。31A上下文暗示。作者之前與瑞妮從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面，因此這是第一次(for the first time)進(jìn)入她的辦公室。32B情景排除。作者已經(jīng)進(jìn)入瑞妮的辦公室，所以坐在桌旁的瑞妮看到(see)了他著急的樣子。33B上下文暗示。由上文sympathetically和后文her warm smile可知她給了我一個(gè)寬慰的(comforting)微笑。34C上下文暗示。由上文的an immediate flight home可知是給作者打印飛機(jī)票(ticket)。35C情景排除。作者遇到這么熱心的旅行代理人，當(dāng)然是心存感激(gratefully)。36D上下文暗示。此處與下文的a big smile，waving to wish me a safe trip相呼應(yīng)，故選pleasant“令人愉悅的”。37D情景排除。作者最初對(duì)瑞妮產(chǎn)生誤解，現(xiàn)在看到她這么熱心，竟一時(shí)不知道該說(shuō)什么(speechless)了。38B情景排除。“我之前怎么會(huì)認(rèn)為她冷冰冰呢？哦，瑞妮是這么友好(nice)”。39C邏輯關(guān)系。破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)該空格的解釋，故friendliness(友好)最符合語(yǔ)境。40B情景排除。上文“我在這里為你服務(wù)”應(yīng)屬于工作態(tài)度(attitude)。8