（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 一 標(biāo)題歸納題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版

一、標(biāo)題歸納題(2019·江蘇，D)The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimers(阿爾茲海默癥).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession，Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano，andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion，thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi，Melissasbestfriendandatalentedpianist，gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis？”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid.Stevenodded，tearineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshedlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench，handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses，heartsinking.ButStevepressedon，playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility，herprivilege，wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.Hedmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshedtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode：lines，beats，intervals，movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldntplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday，Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording，arecordingoflossandlove，ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling，searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard，andSteve，angryandupset，saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim，tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofStevesfavorite，andmostpersonal，songs.WithNaomishelp，theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingStevessongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasnt.Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert，Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind：“MelancholyFlower”.ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskStevespermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconcert，NaomitoldthefamilythatStevesmusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow，morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen，Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位父親因?yàn)榛及柶澓ＤY而逐漸失去記憶，女兒珍視父親為她在兒時(shí)演奏過(guò)的那些陪她入睡的音樂(lè)，為了讓這溫暖的“獨(dú)家音樂(lè)”不失傳，她請(qǐng)懂音樂(lè)的朋友把父親的音樂(lè)錄制下來(lái)。65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfathersmusic?A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，父親Steve是一位鋼琴愛(ài)好者，是家里唯一一位音樂(lè)家，再根據(jù)第三段中的“Melissa，hisdaughter，feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic，towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.”可知，父親Steve的音樂(lè)陪伴了Melissa的成長(zhǎng)，因此Melissa覺(jué)得它對(duì)于這個(gè)家庭有著特別的意義，值得被保存，故本題答案為C。66.AfterhearingStevesplaying，Naomi.A.refusedtomakeacommentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC.decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十段“Itwasbeautiful，Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.Themusicwasworthsaving.”可知，聽(tīng)完Steve的演奏之后，Naomi對(duì)他的音樂(lè)很是贊賞，故本題答案為B。67.HowcantheprocessofStevesrecordingbedescribed?A.Itwasslowbutproductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D.ItwasvitalforNaomiscareer.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十二段“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.Hedmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano，andthenshedtakehisplace.”及第十四段“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.”可知，音樂(lè)的錄制過(guò)程雖然緩慢，但是頗有成效，故本題答案為A。68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower”，hiswifeJoni.A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB.didntexpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC.didntfullyrealizethevalueofherhusbandsmusicD.broughtherhusbandsmusiccareertoperfection答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第七段最后兩句“Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasnt.”以及下文中提到“Steve的音樂(lè)在音樂(lè)會(huì)上被演奏并得到認(rèn)可及其對(duì)Steve的影響”可知，Joni之前并沒(méi)有充分意識(shí)到Steve的音樂(lè)的價(jià)值。故本題答案為C。69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音樂(lè)會(huì)上，他的心情很平靜。故本題答案為D。70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheKindnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusicC.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDetermination答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音樂(lè)錄制給父親帶來(lái)了巨大的改變，甚至激發(fā)了他創(chuàng)作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音樂(lè)的力量”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。一、題型解讀記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會(huì)考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。一個(gè)好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點(diǎn)：概括準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短；針對(duì)性標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.二、解題技巧1.“高度概括”定標(biāo)題(1)所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標(biāo)題往往比較醒目。(2)一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來(lái)判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒(méi)有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。2.文章標(biāo)題三特點(diǎn)(1)一般為單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子形式，短語(yǔ)居多；(2)短小精悍，精確性強(qiáng)；(3)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，能覆蓋全文大意。例如：【真題感悟】中第70題，通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第九段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.”可知，音樂(lè)錄制給父親帶來(lái)了巨大的改變，甚至激發(fā)了他創(chuàng)作歌曲的信念。由此可知，“音樂(lè)的力量”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。ALaughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedonthavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10-yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyarentjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘氣的) behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle (使發(fā)癢) chimps，theydontlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.Thatsthesoundofapelaughter，anditstherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.Theresadifferencebetween“l(fā)aughingwith”and“l(fā)aughingat”.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhyweresosusceptibletotickling.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。笑容是全世界通用的語(yǔ)言，是世上最溫暖的語(yǔ)言。本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個(gè)話題。1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecadesresearch?A.Toprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.C.Toresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.D.Torecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“thedecadesresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后兩句，由該段倒數(shù)第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh.”可知，這十年的研究是為了弄清楚人類什么時(shí)候以及為什么會(huì)笑。故B項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B.Apesproducehighsoundswhentickled.C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。A項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Flexible.C.Addictive.D.Reliable.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系上下文可知susceptible(易受影響的，敏感的)與sensitive的意思最為接近。故選A。4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofLaughterB.TheMeaningofLaughterC.ABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh?D.Laughter：TheMostBeautifulWord答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。笑容是全世界通用的語(yǔ)言，是世上最溫暖的語(yǔ)言，本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個(gè)話題。故C項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。BMostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesusethemastheiralarmclocksmakingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.Severalyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(縫針)andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevangelist(傳教士)”.Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame.“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgiftalovelyalarmclocksotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid.Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded.Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingtheirmobilephonesinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文屬于科普類說(shuō)明文，講述現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候把手機(jī)放在旁邊，這會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響人們的睡眠質(zhì)量，有些人已經(jīng)選擇把手機(jī)放在其他地方來(lái)保證自己的睡眠質(zhì)量。5.Whydidtheauthorsbossstarttoenjoysleeping?A.Herfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime.B.Mobilephonescouldntwakeherupontime.C.Herfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.D.Shegothurtduetoworkingtoolate.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜趕工而筋疲力盡暈倒在地，并且頭部縫了五針，最終她成為“睡眠傳教士”，鼓勵(lì)大家多睡覺(jué)。因此作者的老板開(kāi)始享受睡眠是因?yàn)槭艿搅藗?，故選D。6.WhydidtheauthorsbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?A.Alarmclocksdontgiveoffanyradiation.B.Alarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.C.Sheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.D.Sheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者的老板送給朋友鬧鐘是為了不再讓他們用把手機(jī)當(dāng)鬧鐘的借口而影響睡眠，讓他們用鬧鐘來(lái)替代手機(jī)，故選C。7.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?A.Mobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep.B.Mobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignals.C.Sleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation.D.Componentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbywirelesssignals.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中暴露于884兆赫的無(wú)線信號(hào)中，修復(fù)白天身體損耗很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。由此可知，無(wú)線電信號(hào)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響睡眠質(zhì)量，故選D。8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowMobilePhonesAffectSleepB.WhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhonesC.HowWeCanSleepBetteratNightD.HowMobilePhonesAffectHealth答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文闡述越來(lái)越多的人在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候把手機(jī)放在旁邊，這會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響其睡眠質(zhì)量，闡述了手機(jī)與睡眠的關(guān)系，故選A。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思1.Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全體的2.PreparationsforthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway.在進(jìn)行中的3.Theseproductscanstandwearandtear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemarket.磨損4.Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewhoursaday.夜以繼日地，晝夜不停地(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換5.Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(標(biāo)志性的) styleisquietbutpowerful.opposedto6.Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti-milliondollarorganization.developed7.Therearemanysymptomsofdepression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tiredness8.Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows9.Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydamagedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalocalcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously(三)一詞多義10.occurv.發(fā)生；被想起(1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.發(fā)生(2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.被想起11.chargev.&n.主管，負(fù)責(zé)n.費(fèi)用v.收費(fèi)；控告；充電；進(jìn)攻(1)Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.進(jìn)攻(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease？n.主管，負(fù)責(zé)(3)Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收費(fèi)(4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v.控告(5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.費(fèi)用(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充電.長(zhǎng)難句理解12.Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句。句首的Tofindout是目的狀語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)是I，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞went和recorded由and連接。what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。精美譯文為了弄清楚人們發(fā)笑的時(shí)間和原因，我和幾個(gè)助手去了當(dāng)?shù)氐馁?gòu)物中心，記錄了人們發(fā)笑之前的事情。13.Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.句式分析本句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。從句是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)；believedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtear是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，這本身是一個(gè)句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do，表示“據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)認(rèn)為/據(jù)報(bào)道”。精美譯文該研究表明，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里暴露于884兆赫無(wú)線信號(hào)時(shí)，被認(rèn)為對(duì)日常(身體)損耗的恢復(fù)很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。強(qiáng)化練(二十四).單項(xiàng)填空1.Iinthesamepositiontoolong.Mylegshavefallenasleep.Shakeitalittlebeforeyougetup.(2019·泰州四模)A.willsitB.havesatC.amsittingD.havebeensitting答案D解析句意為：我在相同的位置坐得太久了，腿麻了。站起來(lái)之前動(dòng)一動(dòng)。分析句意可知，本句為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，并有可能持續(xù)下去，其形式為：have/hasbeendoingsth.。故D選項(xiàng)正確。2.Thehealthofgardenplantsdependsonthesoiltheproperbalanceofmineralpieces，organicmatter，airandwater.(2019·南京市鹽城市高三一模)A.constructionB.conservationC.corporationD.composition答案D解析句意為：園林植物的健康取決于土壤的組成礦物質(zhì)、有機(jī)物質(zhì)、空氣和水的適當(dāng)平衡。construction建設(shè)，建筑；conservation保存，保護(hù)；corporation法人，公司；composition組成，成分。根據(jù)句意可知選D。3.Thatwomanwasalittlevagueatthetimebutsaidsomethingtotheeffectthatshetheprojectwithinthreedays.A.finishedB.willfinishC.wouldfinishD.willhavefinished答案C解析句意為：那位女士當(dāng)時(shí)有點(diǎn)含糊其詞，不過(guò)大意是說(shuō)她會(huì)在三天之內(nèi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句中的“was”“said”以及“withinthreedays”可知，此處表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。4.Herdoctorindicatedthatevenaddinga(n) amountofdailyexercisewoulddramaticallyimproveherhealth.(2019·南京市鹽城市高三一模)A.modestB.equalC.considerableD.exact答案A解析句意為：她的醫(yī)生表示，即使每天增加適度的鍛煉，也會(huì)極大地改善她的健康狀況。modest謙遜的，不大的，適度的；equal相等的，平等的；considerable相當(dāng)多的，相當(dāng)大的；exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的。根據(jù)句意可知選A。5.Fatherslovefortheirkidsseemstobeabitstrictandtough；，mothersloveseemstobelovingandcaring.A.anywayB.meanwhileC.moreoverD.otherwise答案B解析句意為：父親對(duì)孩子的愛(ài)似乎有點(diǎn)嚴(yán)厲和強(qiáng)硬；相比之下，母親的愛(ài)似乎充滿了愛(ài)和關(guān)懷。meanwhile與此同時(shí)，對(duì)比之下，符合語(yǔ)境。anyway盡管，無(wú)論如何；moreover此外，而且；otherwise除此之外，否則。6.Mostsuccessfulpeoplethinkaboutthingsinnewanddifferentways：theyseeanopenwindow_othersseeacloseddoor.A.whereB.ifC.onceD.unless答案A解析句意為：大多數(shù)成功人士以新的和不同的方式思考事物：他們?cè)趧e人看到一扇關(guān)閉的門的地方看到的是一扇敞開(kāi)的窗戶。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where。故選A。7.Describedasa“l(fā)andmarkpartnership”，thedealbetweenSTATSportsandtheChineseFootballAssociationaspartofChinaspushforhostingandwinningaWorldCupby2050.A.seesB.wasseenC.isseenD.istosee答案C解析句意為：STATSports與中國(guó)足球協(xié)會(huì)之間的協(xié)議被稱為“具有里程碑意義的合作伙伴關(guān)系”，它被視為中國(guó)努力在2050年之前主辦和贏得一次世界杯的一部分。根據(jù)句意可知，此處陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又see與thedeal之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選C。8.，Bob？Youvebeensoupsetallmorning.Icrashedmyfatherscar.A.WhatseatingyouB.WhataboutyouC.HowareyouD.Howdoyoudo答案A解析句意為：你怎么啦，鮑勃？你一早上都很沮喪。我撞壞了我爸爸的車。whatseatingyou你怎么了，是什么讓你心煩，符合語(yǔ)境。whataboutyou你呢；howareyou你好嗎；howdoyoudo你好。9.Somepeopleinvestigatedsaytheyprefertheoldergreentrainsmovingataslowerpace，whichallowpassengerstothebeautifulsceneryoutside.A.describeB.imagineC.appreciateD.recall答案C解析句意為：接受調(diào)查的一些人稱，他們更喜歡那些行進(jìn)速度稍慢的、古老一些的綠皮火車，那些火車使得乘客能夠欣賞外面的美景。appreciate欣賞，符合語(yǔ)境。describe描述；imagine想象；recall回想起。10.WorldFoodDayiscelebratedeveryyeararoundtheworldonOct.16，thedateofthefoundingoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsin1945.A.indefenseofB.insearchofC.infavorofD.inhonorof答案D解析句意為：聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織于1945年10月16日成立，為紀(jì)念這一天，世界各地的人們把每年的這一天作為“世界糧食日”來(lái)慶祝。inhonorof為了紀(jì)念，符合語(yǔ)境。indefenseof為保衛(wèi)，保護(hù)；insearchof搜尋，尋找；infavorof支持。.閱讀理解A(2019·宿遷市高三期末)Itisapsychologicalstrategythatallparentswillbefamiliarwith：insteadofscoldingamisbehavingchild，focusinsteadinrewardingthemforgoodbehaviour.Nowtheideaiswellreceivedoutsidethenursery，withimplicationsforeverythingfromrecyclingclothestopolicing.Consumersendupwithpilesofunwantedclothes.EveryyearintheUK，300,000tonnesendsupinlandfill235millionindividualitems.Nowhowever，appssuchasReGain，RegiveandStuffstraremakingitsimplerandmoreworthwhileforpeopletoreturntheirunwantedclobber.TheReGainappcanbeusedtofindoneof20,000drop-offpoints.Inreturn，thediligentconsumerearnsrewardssuchasdiscountcouponsforhighstreetretailers.StuffstrworksinpartnershipwithJohnLewistohelppeoplegetcashinreturnforunwanteditemsfromthechain.“Possiblytheonepredictionthatweeconomistsgetrightisthatifyouincentivise(激勵(lì)) abehaviour，youwillgetmoreofit，”saysDrMatthewLevy，alecturerineconomicsattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.Hecitesresearch，includinghisown，showingthatfinancialincentivesencouragingregularexercise，stoppingsmokingandlosingweighteffectivelypromotehealthybehavioursandthatthereisnobacklashwhentheincentivesareremoved.“Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startahealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，”hesays.Inthefourmonthsafteritslaunch，theReGainschemereceivedalmost17,000parcelscontaining47tonnesofusedclothesandshoes，ofwhich95%couldpotentiallybereused，accordingtoitsfounderJackOstrowski.“Weneedtofindawaytoinfluencebehaviour，anddiscountcouponshelp，”hesays.Theplatformisalsoworkingwithbrandsandretailerstofindwaystodivertusedclothesfromlandfillsandintotheproductionofnewclothes，headds.Otherrewardschemeshavehadsuccessinencouragingbehaviouralchange.WhenpoliceinCanadaissued“positivetickets”couponsforfreefoodormovieticketstorewardgoodbehaviouramongyoungpeople，theyreportedanalmost50%dropinyouth-relatedservicecalls.“MyofficerswouldsayIntheolddaysweddriveupinthepolicecarandthekidswouldrunawayfromus，nowtheyruntous.”Inasimilarventure，HullcitycouncilhaveannouncedplanstolaunchadigitalrewardtokentheHullCointhatcanbeearnedbyvolunteeringandspentatlocalretailers.Elsewhere，astudyontherecruitmentofhealthworkersinZambiafoundthathighlightingeconomicincentivesduringtherecruitmentprocesscausedfutureemployeestobemoremotivatedandtask-focused.“Obviouslydifferentgroupsaremotivatedbydifferentfactors，”saysOstrowski.“Forsome，thefeelgoodfactorisenough，andforothers，thatrewardstimulusisrequired.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述的是所有父母都熟悉的一種心理策略：與其責(zé)罵行為不端的孩子，不如專注于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們的良好行為。11.DrMatthewLevymightagreethat.A.thereisanundesiredeffectwhentheincentivesareremovedB.economistsalwaysmakesomepredictionstoconvincepeopleC.usedclotheswouldberecycledviaincentives，otherwiseinlandfillD.financialincentivesarethekeytopeoplesgettingridofbadhabits答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句“Ifanything，theincentivescanbeusedtojump-startahealthyhabitthatkeepsgoing，hesays.”可知，DrMatthewLevy可能同意舊衣服可以通過(guò)激勵(lì)措施回收，否則就會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。故選C。12.ThebenefitsoffinancialstimulusarementionedEXCEPT.A.increasingthesalesofclothingandfoodB.youngpeoplesbehavingwellinpublicC.leadingtopeoplesdisgustatsmokingD.futureemployeesconcentratingontasks答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段可知A項(xiàng)提到了；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五、六、七三段可知B項(xiàng)提到了；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知D項(xiàng)提到