2018屆高考英語一輪復習 Unit 5 Wonders of Our Body學案 重慶大學版選修8

Unit 5Wonders of Our Body一、單詞寫 得 準用 得 活(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1.stickvi./vt.刺，戳2.techniciann. 技術人員；專門技師3.applyvt.應用，應用于4.dissolvevt.溶解，解散5.swallowvt.咽；淹沒；吞下；咽下n. 燕子6.figurevt.辨明；演算，認為7.shedvt.脫落；脫皮，擺脫8.infection n感染infectvi.感染，傳染9.primarily adv.主要地，首先primaryadj.首要的，主要的10.frequency n頻率，周率frequentadj.時常發(fā)生的frequentlyadv.頻繁地11.bacterium n細菌bacterian(復數)細菌12.donate vt.捐贈；贈送donorn捐贈者；贈與者donationn捐贈13.react vi.反應reactionn反應，反作用14.sense n感官(覺)vt.意識到，感覺sensitiveadj.敏感的；易受傷害的；靈敏的1.Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive (sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.2.Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years.3.In the United States, Halloween evolved (演變) into a holiday celebrated primarily (primary) by children.4.These bacteria (bacterium) make food from the sun like plants do.5.Health care workers should have the right to be able to protect themselves against infections (infect)6.As a generous donor,_Mark made another donation to the Project Hope last week. So far he has donated up to 15 million dollars to it.(donate)7.This produced a chain reaction,_which made everyone present react violently.(react)1.感官動詞一覽taste嘗smell 嗅hear 聽see 看touch 摸2.swallow形近詞家族allow vt.允許shallow adj. 淺的，膚淺的fellow n. 小伙pillow n. 枕頭follow vt. 跟隨3.tech­開頭單詞小結technician n技術人員technique n. 技術，技巧technical adj. 有技巧的technology n. 技術，工藝technologist n. 技術專家二、短語寫 得 準用 得 活(選用左欄短語填空)1.be_up_to從事于，做事情2.knock_out 擊倒，打破3.rob_(.)_of 使失去4.neither_._nor_. 既不也不5.protect_(.)_from 保護(使不受)6.take_(.)for_granted 想當然；認為理所當然7.be_made_up_of 由組成8.put_together 把加起來；裝配，使成整體9.fire_off 發(fā)射；開(槍、炮等)，射擊10.finish_off 結束，完成1.I'll finish_off this dress in a few minutes; I'm just giving it the last finishing touches.2.I don't have time to go out tonight; I am_up_to my work.3.Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.4.The boxer knocked_out his opponent in the second round.5.We shouldn't take it for_granted that our parents should arrange everything for us. 1.“v.of”短語薈萃rob of使失去approve of 贊成complain of 抱怨consist of 由組成 dream of 夢想，夢見think of 想起，記起；考慮2.“v.together” 短語集合put together把加起來go together 相配get together 聚會pull together 齊心協(xié)力join together 連接三、句式背 原 句明 句 式學 仿 寫1.So can an imbalance of the blood's components.血液成分不平衡也會如此?！皊o助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞主語”構成的倒裝句。我被麗江的美景吸引了，我的朋友們也是。I was attracted by the beautiful scene of Lijiang, and so_were_my_friends.2.Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do？如果你失血過多，醫(yī)生會怎么做？suppose后跟虛擬語氣。假如下雨的話，我們還是要去。Suppose it_rained,_we would still go.第一板塊核心單詞歸納集釋1donate vt.捐贈；贈送教材原句Replace the blood as quickly as possible by giving you a transfusion of blood donatedby another person.(醫(yī)生)會盡快用另一個人獻的血來給你輸血以補充你的血液。(1)donate sth.to sb.向某人捐贈某物 (2)donation n. 捐贈；捐贈物；捐款give/make/present a donation to . 向捐贈(3)donor n. 捐贈者，贈送者Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.給需要的孩子們捐些書和體育用品要比空喊口號更有意義。He immediately made a charitable donation (donate) of 10.5 million yuan to the Henan Charity Federation.他立即將1 050萬元的慈善捐款捐贈給了河南慈善總會。2stick vi./vt.(stuck, stuck)刺，戳；阻塞；扎入；伸出；粘貼n.棍；棒，手杖經典例句The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.護士把針扎進我的胳膊。stick to/at堅持；堅守；不放棄stick out 伸出；突出get/be stuck in 被困在；被卡住；陷入Have you been sticking to your diet?你是否在堅持節(jié)食？Sorry I'm late. I got stuck (stick) in traffic.Never mind. You're here now. Come in and sit down.(2012·山東高考單選)對不起，我來晚了。我遇到交通堵塞了。沒關系。你來了就好。進來坐吧。3react vi.反應；起作用經典例句You never know how he is going to react to the news.你根本不知道他對這個消息會作何反應。(1)react against反對；反抗react to 對作出反應；起反應react on/upon 對產生影響react with 與產生化學反應(2)reaction n. 反應；起作用(與to連用)The children should be taught how to react to an earthquake.應該教孩子如何應對地震。Children tend to react_against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿來反抗他們。4apply vt.應用；應用于；申請教材原句Blood vessels in the skin will shrink instantly if they are cut or if pressure is applied.如果被割破或被施于壓力，皮膚中的血管會立即收縮。(1)apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申請某物apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/集中精力(做)某事apply to 適用于；向申請apply .to . 把運用于(2)application n. 申請；申請表；運用，應用applicant n. 申請人，求職人If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.如果憲法說所有的人都是自由和平等的，那么她認為這應該適用于她。I'm Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. I'm writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.(2015·陜西高考書面表達)我是李華，三年級二班的一名學生，我正寫信申請學生志愿者的職位。一言串記Thirty graduates applied for the post. All these applicants filled in the application forms seriously.三十位畢業(yè)生申請了這個職位。所有這些申請者都認真填寫了申請表。.基礎點全練(單句語法填空/補全句子)1In the theory, sport exercise can react on the fitness.2I have made a donation (donate) to help the survivors of the earthquake.3He had a sore throat (咽喉痛) and found it difficult to_swallow (swallow)4Dogs have_a_very_good_sense_of_smell (有很好的嗅覺) and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.5The kite was_stuck_in_the_branches_of_the_tree (被卡在了樹叉上), which made the girl cry.重難點多練apply面面觀(1)用所給詞的適當形式填空The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.What should I do?You should slow the bleeding by applying (apply) pressure to the wound until the police and ambulance arrive.The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to learning (learn) English.(2)補全句子我想申請我們學校英語俱樂部副主席的職位。(2013·天津高考書面表達)It's I who/that_would_like_to_apply_for_the_position,_vice president of our school English club.(3)根據漢語提示完成片段In order to know whether his plan was practical, he first applied_it_to (把它應用于) his work, and he also applied_for_a_study (申請一項調查) to his company about it. Then he applied_himself_to (專心于) it and made necessary changes.閱讀詞匯專練1根據語境選出swallow的詞性和詞義(A)vt.吞沒；淹沒(B)vt.吞(下)，咽(下)(C)n.燕子 (D)n.一口The swallowhas made a nest under our eaves (屋檐)_C_He downed the medicine at one swallow._D_I watched her walk down the road until she was swallowed by the darkness._A_You must chew your food well before you swallow it._B_2根據語境選出sense的詞性和詞義(A)n.感覺(B)n.感官(C)n.道理 (D)vt.覺察出；意識到We get most of our knowledge through the fivesenses._B_Standing on the corner in winter gave me a sense of cold._A_There is some sensein what he says._C_Doctors often sense uneasiness in the people they deal with._D_第二板塊短語句型歸納集釋1knock out擊倒，打破；摧毀；淘汰教材原句The white blood cells gobble up the invaders, and the antibodies knock them out.白細胞吞噬掉所有入侵者，抗體把它們打倒。knock at敲，打knock down 撞倒；拆卸knock over 碰翻；撞倒knock into 撞上；偶然碰到knock off 減價；中斷，停止She was knocked over/down by a car on the way home last night, but the driver fled from the site.昨晚在回家的路上她被一輛車撞倒了，但司機逃離了現場。Let's knock_off_the_work early and go to watch the football game.咱們早點收工去看足球賽吧。Please knock_at_the_door before you come in next time.下次在你進來之前請先敲門。2neither .nor .既不，也不高考佳句In autumn, it's neithertoo hot nor too cold.(2014·天津高考書面表達)秋天，既不太熱也不太冷。neither .nor .連接兩個對等的成分，用于否定兩者。當它連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞的單復數要與靠近nor的主語保持一致。Neither my wife nor I myself am (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都沒能說服女兒改變主意。He neither knows nor cares (care) what happened.他對所發(fā)生的事不聞不問。either . or .要么要么(連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的選擇遵循“就近一致”原則)neither/either of . 兩者都(不)(作主語時，謂語動詞用單、復數皆可)not only . but also . 不僅而且not . but . 不是而是As is known to all, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.眾所周知，護士和醫(yī)生都對病人非常和藹。3So_can an imbalance of the blood's components.血液成分不平衡也會如此。(1)句中含有“sobe動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞另一主語”結構。該結構用在肯定句中，表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一個人或物。so作“也這樣；也如此”解。When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for beauty.當所有潛在的丑都被清除掉時，所有潛在的美也就不復存在了。(2)so it is/waswith sb./sth.或it is/was the same with sb./sth.表示前面的混合情況(肯定和否定的混合或沒有統(tǒng)一的助動詞)同樣適用于后者；該句型也可用于肯定或否定陳述句之后。He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it_is_the_same_with his sister/so_it_is_with his sister.他很聰明，但不努力，他姐姐也是這樣。名師指津so主語be (have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)，表示“確實如此(前后主語一致)”。Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.So_he_is and so_are_you.杰克對中國文化和民族音樂非常癡迷。他的確如此，你也是。.基礎點全練1單句語法填空When you knock into someone, it's good manners to say “sorry”I always suspected that he was up to no good.I take it for granted that we should work hard.Peasants who were_robbed (rob) of their land drifted to the cities.It is everyone's duty to protect the earth from being polluted.Neither John nor his classmates were (be) able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.2運用所學短語完成片段I knocked_into (偶然遇到) a robber yesterday. He knocked_down/over (撞倒) an old man. When he was robbing_the_old_man_of_ (搶劫老人) all his money, I protected_the_old_man_from (保護老人免于) being robbed. The old man was grateful to me, but I took_it_for_granted (認為這樣做理所當然).重難點多練so相關結構萬花筒(1)補全句子 如果你想那天休息，那么我也一樣。If you're going to take that day off, so_will_I.杰克是英國人但喜歡中國菜。邁克也是如此。Jack is English but likes Chinese food.So_it_is_with_Mike./It's_the_same_with_Mike.(2)句型轉換He can play the piano and his sister can play the piano, too.He can play the piano, and so_can_his_sister. 課堂練牢基礎.單句語法填空1The new schoolbags and books donated (donate) by some warm­hearted people arrived at the village school the day before yesterday.2The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm. 3Caught robbing (rob) a lady of her necklace, the young man was arrested on the spot by a policeman.4After I left school, I felt stuck (stick) between furthering my education and getting a job.5The new technology, if applied to farming, will help increase the grain output.6If a healthy environment is gone, so is everything that our life depends on.7Give me some water; I find it difficult to_swallow (swallow) the yolk (蛋黃)8It is difficult to predict his reaction (react) because he is so moody.單句改錯1Seeing the moving scene, my daughter wept a little and so do Idodid2I take for granted that we should work hard.take后加it3We all know that the brain is made up cells in a certain pattern.up后加of4It was not until he got to his office where he remembered leaving the key home.wherethat5When they fire at a signal flare (信號彈), we'll set off at once.第一個atoff_.用本單元所學知識完成寫作訓練(一)依據提示補全短文Our class consists of twenty boys and thirty­one girls. Tom and Rose are the best students in our class. They apply_themselves_to (專心于) learning and are_up_to (勝任) their work. If Tom can work out a physics problem, Rose can work it out, too. They like to take exercise in the open air and stick_to (堅持) playing football after class. They often finish_off (結束) their day by helping others. We are grateful for their selfless assistance, but (so/but/as) they take_it_for_granted (認為理所當然)(二)按要求將詞匯句式升級1用本單元高級詞匯替換加黑部分(1)consists ofis_made_up_of_(2)work outfigure_out2用so的倒裝句改寫句If_Tom_can_work_out_a_physics_problem,_so_can_Rose.課下練熟高考“閱讀七選五完形”組合練練題型(限時：35分鐘).閱讀理解(2017·重慶主城八區(qū)調研測試二)Whether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes, according to experts.I jump out of bed each morning, eager to start an active day. But I can hear my neighbour's alarm clock ringing non­stop every morning and I doubt he gets to work on time.A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening. He's happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight, while I go to bed early and try to sleep.Well, it might not be his fault after all. I'm called “a lark (百靈鳥)” and my neighbour “an owl (貓頭鷹)”We all have inside “clocks” in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light. These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “l(fā)arks” and “owls”. If you have a fast clock, you like to do things early, and if you have a slow clock, you like to do things late.Because we live in a 24/7 world, scientists believe it's important to understand a person's “chronotype” (睡眠類型) the time of the day when they function the best. It could help us lead a healthier life.A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinkswork times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our chronotypes.And he has advice for those who can't choose their working hours: “If that's not possible, we should be more careful about light exposure，” says the professor. “You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike. The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue light, like computer screens and other electronic devices.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過分析自己和鄰居不同的作息情況，說明了每個人都有自己的睡眠類型：有的人晚上的工作效率高，有的人白天的工作效率高。但是，如果無法選擇工作時間，那么就應在晚上盡量避免藍色的光，因為藍色的光可能會導致睡眠問題。1How is the passage mainly developed?ABy presenting and solving problems.BBy explaining the cause­effect relationship.CBy giving examples and drawing a conclusion.DBy analyzing differences and providing advice.解析：選D寫作手法題。作者通過分析自己與鄰居不同的作息情況，認識到這是由于基因的不同造成的。然后，作者對此提出建議，即不同的人應該采用不同的作息時間。故選D項。2We can learn from the passage that the author's neighbour_.Aalmost always gets to work on timeBhas to work deep into the night every dayCis passive during the day but energetic at nightDis easily woken up by his alarm clock in the morning解析：選C推理判斷題。根據第二段第二句“But I can hear . to work on time.”和第三段可知，作者的鄰居白天狀態(tài)消極，晚上卻精力充沛。故選C項。3The underlined part “24/7” in Paragraph 6 most probably means “_”AstressfulBdigitalCconfusing Dchanging解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后“scientists believe . lead a healthier life”可知，科學家認為有必要了解每個人的睡眠類型，這有助于我們健康地生活。這是由于我們生活在一個有壓力的世界，正因為如此，我們才需要了解自己身體的時間表，按照身體的時間表來安排休息時間，這有助于提高效率，緩解壓力，使我們生活得更健康。故選A項，意為“有壓力的”。4Things with blue light are not recommended after sunset because blue light _.Awill make you nervousBmay cause sleep problemsCwill reduce your work efficiencyDmay make you sleepy解析：選B推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第一句可知，如果我們無法選擇工作時間，不得不在白天工作而在晚上休息，我們就應該更加注意光的照射，尤其是不要在晚上接觸藍色的光。由此可推知，藍色的光可能會導致睡眠問題。故選B項。.閱讀七選五(2017·唐山市高三一模)It's normal to wake briefly during the night. _1_ But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you're awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. _2_3_ If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象) or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.Do a quiet, non­stimulating activity. If you've been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non­stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up. _4_ A light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day._5_ If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.AMake relaxation your goal, not sleep.BPut off worries and troubles.CUse a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.DIn fact, a good sleeper won't even remember it.EAlso avoid screens of any kind computers, TVs, cellphones or iPads.FYou'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's rest.GA good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling of your body.答案：15DGAEB.完形填空(2017·太原一模)Love is a hot topic, but what is love? Here is a story.It took me a long time before I was able to fully understand my grandparents' love.They wrote the word “Shmily” in a surprising place for the other to find._1_ one of them discovered it, it was his/her turn to _2_ it once more in shoes, under pillows, even in toilet paper .Their way of life, rather than only a game, _3_ their love, which not everyone is _4_ enough to experience.They _5_ hands every chance they had, finished each other's sentences and went to _6_ together.But there was a dark _7_ in my grandparents' life.My grandmother had breast cancer.It had first _8_ ten years earlier.As usual, Grandpa was with her every _9_ of the way.He comforted her in their _10_ room, painted that color so she could always be _11_， even when she was too sick to go outside.Now, it was even worse, but they still went to church _12_.Grandma grew steadily _13_ until finally, she could not _14_ the house any more.For a while, Grandpa would go to church alone, praying to God to _15_ his wife out.Then one day Grandma was _16_._17_ was written in yellow on the ribbon (絲帶) of my grandmother's funeral bouquet (花束)As the crowd thinned and the last mourners _18_ to leave, Grandpa stepped up, taking a shaky _19_， and began to sing to her.Through his tears, the song came, _20_.Thank you, Grandpa and Grandma, for letting me see.S­h­m­i­l­y: see how much I love you.1A.ThoughBAs soon asCBecause DAs far as解析：選B根據第二段的第二句“They wrote the word Shmily in a surprising place for the other to find.”可推斷，他們中一有人找到了，就輪到他/她再次把它藏起來。as soon as意為“一就”，符合語境。故答案選B。2A.write BplaceCtell Dhide解析：選D參見上題解析。hide意為“隱藏”，符合語境。故答案選D。3A.broke BsavedCshook Dsaw解析：選D根據語境可知，他們的這種生活方式見證了他們的愛。并不是每個人都會這么幸運，能夠體會到這種愛。故答案選D。4A.rich BfriendlyClucky Dspecial解析：選C參見上題解析。5A.touched BheldCwaved Dclapped解析：選B根據語境可知，一有機會他們就會握住彼此的手。hold意為“握住”，符合語境。故答案選B。6A.church BworkCschool Dhospital解析：選A根據第四段第一句中的“but they still went to church”可知，此處應表示他們一起去做禮拜。go to church意為“做禮拜”，符合語境。故答案選A。7A.rain BwindCcloud Dsnow解析：選C根據空格后一句“My grandmother had breast cancer”可知，祖父母的生活中出現了烏云，即人生的黑暗期。dark cloud意為“烏云”，符合語境。故答案選C。8A.risen BburntCappeared Dpromised解析：選C根據語境可知，十年前乳腺癌第一次出現(在他們的世界里)。appear意為“出現”，符合語境。故答案選C。9A.minute BwalkCtime Dstep解析：選D根據語境可知，跟往常一樣，祖父依然寸步不離地陪著她。step意為“步伐，腳步”，符合語境。故答案選D。10A.grey ByellowCblue Dblack解析：選B根據常識可知，黃色代表著快樂和陽光。所以此處應指祖父為了安慰祖母，將他們的房間漆成了黃色。故答案選B。11A.in sunshine Bon dutyCin surprise Don business解析：選A根據語境可知，祖父將他們的房間漆成了黃色，所以即使在祖母身體虛弱到無法出門的時候，她總能感受到陽光的溫暖。in sunshine意為“沐浴陽光”，符合語境。on duty意為“值班”，in surprise意為“驚訝地”，on business意為“出差”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。12A.lonely BsecretlyCapart Dtogether解析：選D根據轉折連詞“but”和“still”并結合第二段最后一句中的“went to _6_ together”可知，他們依然一起去做禮拜。together意為“一起”，符合語境。故答案選D。13A.better BweakerCstronger Dthinner解析：選B根據前一句中的“it was even worse”以及本句中的“she could not _14_ the house any more”可知，祖母變得更虛弱了。weaker意為“更虛弱的”，符合語境。故答案選B。14A.leave BdesignCescape Dpaint解析：選A根據空格后一句的“For a while, Grandpa would go to church alone”可知，祖母已經無法出門，祖父只得獨自去做禮拜為她祈禱。leave意為“離開”，符合語境。故答案選A。15A.send BgiveChelp Dtake解析：選C根據上文可知，祖母變得更虛弱了，無法出門，因此祖父應是祈禱上帝能幫助祖母擺脫困境。help意為“幫助”，符合語境。故答案選C。16A.missing BgoneClost Dpassing解析：選B根據下文中的“funeral”可知，一天，祖母去世了。gone意為“逝去的”，符合語境。故答案選B。17A.Shmily BWordCName DAge解析：選A第二段和最后一段均提到了“Shmily”，故此處應指“Shmily”這個蘊含著祖父母的愛和回憶的詞被寫在了祖母葬禮上擺放的花束的綢帶上。故答案選A。18A.stopped BgotCturned