金識源專版高中英語 Unit 5 First aid Grammar學(xué)案 新人教版必修5

Unit5 Grammar省略句為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分，這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。常見的省略現(xiàn)象有：1簡單句中的省略：(1)省略主語。Havent seen you for ages.(I havent seen you for ages.)我很久沒見你了。Sounds like a good idea.(That sounds like a good idea.)聽上去是個不錯的主意。(2)省略主謂語或一部分。Why not make an apology to him？(Why dont you make an apology to him？)為什么不給他道歉？This way，please.(Come this way，please.)這邊請。Found the missing bag？(Have you found the missing bag？)你找到那個丟失的包了嗎？I badly need to buy a cellphone，but I cant afford to(buy a cellphone)我急需買個手機，但我負擔(dān)不起。注意：若不定式后為be動詞時，則be不能省略；不定式后需用完成時時，則助動詞have不能省略；如果不定式后要用完成時的被動語態(tài)時，則have后的been也不能省略。You should have handed in your composition in time.你應(yīng)該按時交作業(yè)。Yes，I should have(handed in my composition in time)，but I was too ill to finish it in time.是的，我本應(yīng)該交，但我病得厲害，無法按時完成。Your son ought to have been scolded yesterday，he made faces in the history teachers class.昨天你兒子應(yīng)該受到批評，他在歷史老師的課上做鬼臉。So he ought to have been(scolded yesterday)，but I couldnt find him yet.他確實應(yīng)該被批評，但我找不到他。2并列句中可省略與前句中相同的成分。You learn Spanish and I (learn) German.你學(xué)西班牙語，而我學(xué)德語。When the summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night(is getting) shorter and shorter.夏天來的時候，白天越來越長，而夜晚越來越短。3主從復(fù)合句中的省略：(1)主句中有些成分可以省略，特別是句首。Pity you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.(It was a pity that you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.)很遺憾你沒有來看他們精彩的表演。(2)省略從句中與主句相同的部分。I have a good opinion of soldiers，but I dont know why (I have a good opinion of soldiers)我對士兵有好感，但不知道為什么。(3)省略一個從句或從句的一部分，用so或not(但不可用it或that)代替。Will he be able to pass the College Entrance Examination next year?他能通過明年的入學(xué)考試嗎？I believe so.(I believe that he will be able to pass.)我相信會的。Do you think I will achieve success?你認為我能成功嗎？Im afraid not.恐怕不行。(4)主句和從句中各有些成分被省略。The sooner，the better.(The sooner you do it，the better it will be.)越早越好。4其他省略：(1)連詞that的省略：賓語從句中?？墒÷赃B詞that，但多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句并列時只可以省略第一個that。由it作形式賓語時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that也不能省略。He said (that) he would come and that he would stay here for only an hour.他說他能來，但只能待一個小時。I think it necessary that you should read English every day.我認為你每天讀英語是很有必要的。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語、表語或在定語從句中用于there be句型時，that也可以省略。This is the happiest day (that) I have ever spent in all my life.這是我一生中度過的最快樂的一天。China is not the country (that) she used to be.中國不再是以前那樣。This is the fastest train (that) there is to Shanghai.這是去上海的最快列車。(2)不定式符號to的省略：并列的不定式，前面的不定式帶to，后面的to可省去，但如果兩個不定式之間有對比關(guān)系時，則不可以省去to。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.我告訴他坐下來等一會兒。To go home or to stay at school during the vacation is not decided yet.假期期間回家或待在學(xué)校還沒有決定。主語和表語或主語與比較狀語從句中的主語都為不定式時，to不能被省略。To see is to believe.眼見為實。It is better to stay here than to go home.待在這兒比回家更好。某些使役動詞(如make，let，have)及感官動詞(如see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，look at，listen to等)后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動語態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。People saw the little hero fall from the tall tree.人們看到小英雄從高高的樹上掉了下來。The little hero was seen to fall from the tall tree.小英雄被看到從高高的樹上掉了下來。help當(dāng)“幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓語補足語的不定式符號to可被省略，也可不省略，但在被動語態(tài)中不能省略to。I will help (to) do it for you.我會給你幫助。The peasants are often helped to repair tractors by the workers.農(nóng)民常被工人幫助修拖拉機。介詞but前若有動詞do的任何形式，后面的動詞不定式不帶to。There was clearly nothing to do but turn to the police for help.很顯然除了向警察尋求幫助，沒有別的辦法了。主語從句中有動詞do時，后面作表語的動詞不定式中的to可以省略。What he did at last is (to) turn off the light and close the door before he left.他離開前所做的最后一件事就是熄燈關(guān)上門。(3)連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可以省略，即當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有were，should或had時，可省去if，并將were，should或had提至條件句的句首。Were I you (If I were you)，I would accept the job offered by that company.如果我是你，我會接受那家公司提供的工作。Should the earth stop moving some day(If the earth stop moving some day)，man would not survive.如果某一天地球停止轉(zhuǎn)動，人類就無法生存了。(4)在某些狀語從句(如時間、條件、讓步、方式、比較等狀語從句中)，當(dāng)主從句的主語一致，且從句中有be動詞時，可省去從句中的主語和be動詞。The professor wont come to give us a lecture unless (he is) invited.除非被邀請，教授不會來給我們做講座。(5)在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語是it時，其后的be動詞連同主語it可一起被省略。Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.在需要的地方用冠詞填空。I will lend you some money if (it is) possible.如果可能，我會借錢給你。(6)than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句，在意義明確的情況下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分。I am nearly as tall as she (is)我?guī)缀醺粯痈?。A car goes faster than a bicycle (does)汽車比自行車跑得快。.完成句子1When_necessary(必要時)，you can send me an email.2Whether_true_or_false(不管是真是假)，the story is interesting.3He gave the_same_answer_as_before(和從前一樣的回答)4Why_not(為什么不) go and help him at once?5Arent you the manager?No，and I dont_want_to_be(不想當(dāng))6The patient feels better than yesterday.I know he_does(他好多了)7He opened his mouth as_if_to_say_something(好像要說話)8He may not stay at home.If_so(如果那樣的話)，leave him a message.9Ill try my best to read more books if_possible(如果可能的話)10Will you join us in the discussion?Ill_be_glad_to(非常高興).單項填空1Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.AIf ever BIf busyCIf anything DIf possible答案D解析句意為：對于即將到來的假期你有什么特別的計劃嗎？有。如果可能的話，我打算拜訪一下城市里的一些敬老院。A項意為“如果曾經(jīng)有的話”；B項意為“如果忙的話”；C項不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)；D項意為“如果可能的話”。2My room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine isCSo does mine DSo mine does答案C解析“so助動詞主語”表示前面陳述的情況也適合于后者。3Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.Awho；/ B/；who Cwho；who D/；/答案C解析此句中包含兩個定語從句，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都作主語，不能省略。4I feel greatly honored_into their society.Ato welcome Bwelcoming Cto be welcomed Dwelcomed答案C解析welcome與“I”之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故welcome須用被動語態(tài)形式。該句語意相當(dāng)于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.5Would you care for a drink?No，thanks.Id _not.Arather Bbetter Clike Dprefer答案A解析Id rather not./Youd better not./Id like not to.是英語中的三種固定用法。故選A項。6Young people today are living a much more comfortable life than their parents_several years ago.Adid Bhad Cwere Dwould答案A解析根據(jù)上下文知應(yīng)該用助動詞do。several years ago表明使用的是過去時態(tài)，故用did。7Did the policeman let you in?No，_I told him who I was.Aif Bonce Cas though Deven if答案D解析句意為：警察讓你進去了嗎？沒有，即使我告訴他我是誰。故選D項。8She didnt take the medicine last night，did she?_.ANo，but I wish she wouldntBNo，but I wish she hadCYes，but I wish she didDYes，but I wish she wouldnt答案B解析英語中前否定，后肯定的反意疑問句的答語如果是No，漢語意思是“是的”；如果是“Yes”，漢語意思是“不”，所以B答案正確，表示“是的，但是我多希望他昨晚吃藥了”。9I wont go and attend his wedding party _，for his deeds have terribly hurt my feelings.Aif invited Beven if invitedCuntil invited Dif not invited答案B解析句意為：即使被邀請，我也不會去參加他的婚禮的，因為他所做的事情嚴重地傷害了我的感情，故選B項。10This is a disease that can result in total blindness _left untreated.Aafter Bif Csince Dunless答案B解析句意為：這是一種病，如果不治的話就會導(dǎo)致(眼睛)完全失明。故選B項。11I have never spoken ill of her._you dont like her.AIf BBecause CSo that DThough答案D解析句意為我從未說過她的壞話。雖然你不喜歡她(也沒說過)。12An idea has to be put to the test for several times before _ by the people.Afully accepted Bbeing fully acceptingCto be fully accepted Dis fully accepted答案A解析句意為：一個想法要經(jīng)過多次檢驗才能被人們完全接受。before fully accepted在完全被接受前，故選A項。13Without facts，we cant form a correct opinion，for we need to have actual knowledge _our thinking.Awhich to be based on Bwhich to base onCon which to base Dwhich to base答案C解析介詞whichto do這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常常用作后置定語。14Was it two months ago _ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holidays in Spain?_.John was the lucky dog.Awhen；Not really Bthat；Not meCthat；Yet Dwhen；Not I答案B解析第一句話是強調(diào)句型，故用that，排除A項和D項；根據(jù)上下句的意思，第二個空應(yīng)該用Not me，故選B項。15_with the size of the whole earth，the highest mountain does not seem high at all.AWhen compared BWhile comparingCCompare DComparing答案A解析compare與the highest mountain存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選A項。 16I am thinking of buying a new car.But _if the police find out who has stolen your car?AwhatBhowCwhyDwhen答案A解析句意為：我正在考慮買一輛新車。可是如果警察查明了誰偷了你的車怎么辦？What if.？如果怎么辦？17Endeavour is a good，strong ship，though_.Abeing not very fast Bto be not very fastCnot very fast Dis not very fast答案C解析句意為：奮進號是一艘好的，結(jié)實的船，雖然不是很快。though not very fast是though it is not very fast的省略，故選C項。18When _ with kindness，he was very noble and generous.Abeing treated BtreatedCtreating Dhaving been treated答案B解析句意為：如果別人對他好的話，他也很好，很大方。treat和he之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選B項。19Whose advice do you think I should take?_.AYou get it BUp to youCAnyone you like DYou speak答案B解析(Its) up to you.由你來決定，符合語境。20The boy always comes to school late although his teacher tells him again and again_.Anot to Bnot to be Cnot to do Ddont be答案A解析在不定式的省略中，往往省略to，如果to后面有be或have，必須保留be或have，故選A項。.閱讀理解AThe old camera Brownie picked up in a charity shop was a splendid find.But the undeveloped film still inside turned out to be even more of a treasure.New owner Don Roccoforte had it developed and saw in it an attractive dark haired woman in her thirties with two young boys.He immediately determined to try to find out who they were.A few weeks later the California­based camera collector received the news that left him stunned.The woman was his wife Jaquelines aunt in a picture taken around 50 years ago，and one of the boys，her cousin.The couple have now unraveled(揭開)the astonishing coincidence，which leads back to Mrs.Roccofortes native Lancashire，where many of her family still live.The camera was bought from a shop in Preston by Brownie，a friend of Mr.Roccoforte，who knew of his interest in photography and thought it would be an unusual gift.Back in California，the contents of his new possession inspired Mr.Roccofortes curiosity.Recognizing the water in the background of the photo as a lake in Lancashire，he sent a copy to the local paper in Preston to see if any readers could help.Another relative recognized the group as Winnie Bamber，still living in the area at the age of 81，her son Tony，Mrs.Roccofortes cousin，and Tonys childhood friend，Mick Murphy.Yesterday Mrs.Bamber was still gasping(驚訝地吸氣)at the turn of events which has reunited two strands(分支)of her family.She said she remembered taking the boys to the lake and losing the camera.The two boys，both now 58，still live near Preston.Mrs.Roccofortes father is Winnie Bambers brotherBilly Charnley.He and his wife moved to America in the 1960s.Their daughter met Mr.Roccoforte there and they married and moved to Preston for two years before returning to America.1Which of the following is the right order of what happened?aDon Roccoforte received a special present from his friend.bAnother relative recognized Winnie Bamber and the two boys.cWinnie Bamber，together with two boys，went to take pictures at a lake.dDon Roccoforte sent a copy of the picture to a paper in Preston.eThe film was developed.fThe camera was lost.gBrownie bought an old camera in shop.A cfbadge BbcafdegC cfgaedb Dacbfegd答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。通過文章倒數(shù)第三段可知先是在湖邊拍照，然后丟了相機，排除B、D兩項，然后是從一家商店買來相機作為禮物，故選C項。2Which of the following statements is NOT true?ATony is the son of Winnie Bamber.BBilly Charnleys daughter was married to Don Roccoforte.CBrownie married Winnie Bamber.DMrs.Roccoforte is Winnie Bambers niece.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段可知A選項正確。由文章最后一段可知B選項正確。從文章第三段可知D選項正確。3The underlined word “stunned” is closest in meaning to_.Adisappointed Bshocked Cworried Dsatisfied答案B解析詞義猜測題。從后句“這是他妻子的姑姑在50年前的一張照片”可知他很震驚。故選B項。4Lancashire is most likely to be located in_.AAmerica BRussia CCalifornia DEngland答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段和最后一段可知。5The best title for this passage would be_.AThe Film that Waited 50 Years to Be DevelopedBAn Unusual Reunion after about Half a CenturyCA Special Present to a Special FriendDAn Old Camera and the Beautiful Pictures Inside答案A解析主旨大意題。文章主要講述的是由一張50年前的未經(jīng)沖洗的照片而發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個巧合。故A選項為最佳選項。BOne day，Jenny told me that a boy named Eric had come to our class.“He is handicapped.Dont laugh at him，”Jenny said before we entered the school.I was very naughty at that time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did.We were a little early，and that boy didnt show up until ten minutes later.He was unable to walk normally，and he had lost his right arm.But he didnt look sad，he gave me a smile when he passed by me and noticed that I was looking at him.However，after class，I did something that I really should not have done.He stood up and walked toward the door during the break.I went up to him and followed his steps.But I did it in a funny way，which made everybody burst into laughter.Eric turned back and saw what I had done.He said nothing but smiled and walked out，which made me feel very sad，not because I had failed to make him angry，but because of how he treated me.That afternoon，I learnt something about him from the teacher.“He was in an earthquake a year ago.His foot was hit by something hard，and his arm was caught under a big stone.In order to live，he cut off his arm，”said the teacher.My eyes were filled with tears when I heard that.He was a brave boy.I stopped making fun of others from then on.Eric later became my best friend，while Jenny has got married to him and is expecting their first child now.6What do we learn about Eric from the passage?AHe lost both of his parents during an earthquake.BHe was always laughed at by others.CHe has got married and will be a father quite soon.DHe felt very sad when the writer made fun of him.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后第一段的“while Jenny has got married to him and is expecting their first child now.”可知C項正確。7What does the underlined word “handicapped” in the second paragraph mean?AHurt. BScared.CDisabled. DUpset.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章后文的描述可知Eric是個身體有缺陷的人，所以Jenny應(yīng)當(dāng)是跟作者說Eric身體有缺陷，不要取笑他。8We can infer that Jenny asked the writer not to laugh at Eric most probably because_.Ashe knew Eric didnt like being laughed atBshe knew the writer was naughty and would laugh at EricCshe knew how Eric lost his arm during the earthquakeDshe herself hated being laughed at by others答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“I was very naughty at that time.Whenever I saw someone disabled，I would laugh at him and follow what he did.”可知作者總是取笑身體有缺陷的人，Jenny正是因為了解作者，擔(dān)心他會取笑Eric才會這么跟他說的。9From the third paragraph，we can infer that what the writer did to Eric now seems very_to him.Abrave Bfunny Cstupid Dsmart答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“I did something that I really should not have done.”可知作者現(xiàn)在非常后悔當(dāng)初的行為，他應(yīng)當(dāng)認為當(dāng)初的行為是很愚蠢的。10We can learn from the passage that_.Athe teacher was very angry at what the writer did to EricBthe writer and Jenny were best friends in schoolCthe writer doesnt make fun of others nowDthe writer doesnt see Eric quite often now答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“I stopped making fun of others from then on.”可知作者現(xiàn)在不取笑別人了。8