（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)二 代詞和介詞（含解析）

考點(diǎn)二代詞和介詞限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product­making factory into a product­making power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity答案：one句意：“2025中國(guó)制造”的目標(biāo)是把中國(guó)從一個(gè)產(chǎn)品制造工廠變成一個(gè)產(chǎn)品制造大國(guó)，一個(gè)以創(chuàng)新為導(dǎo)向、強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量的大國(guó)。one表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“a (n)名詞”，代替的是同類事物中的“一個(gè)”。2To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then _ of his colleagues答案：that句意：讓他高興的是，湯姆很快就獲得了他老板的信任，然后是他同事們的信任。根據(jù)句意可知此處指代同類異物的不可數(shù)名詞trust，用that。 3I know you want to borrow money, but I don't have _ at hand myself答案：anyany此處為代詞，意為“一點(diǎn)，一些”，用于否定句中。4_ who are able to work through the struggle are the ones who are going to be successful答案：Those句意：那些拼搏工作的人，就是將會(huì)成功的人。句中缺少定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，根據(jù)句中主句和從句動(dòng)詞are可知先行詞用復(fù)數(shù)，指代那些人。5Due to _ humor and irony (反語(yǔ)), Xiangsheng has spread far and wide 答案：its句意：由于具有幽默與諷刺的效果，相聲廣為流傳。根據(jù)空后的“humor and irony (反語(yǔ))”可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。 6All in all, every student should behave _ and keep away from violence 答案：himself此處behave oneself為固定搭配，意為“舉止得當(dāng)”，此處需要用反身代詞himself。7The company and the effect _ brought about did a great deal of good to our business in the market答案：it句意：這家公司及其所帶來(lái)的影響對(duì)我們的業(yè)務(wù)有很大的好處。句中的it代指the company, it brought about為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞the effect作brought about的賓語(yǔ)，故省略了關(guān)系詞which或that。 8The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with _ of nature答案：those句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎處理，以便平衡人和自然的需要。此處與前面的the needs呼應(yīng)，指自然界的需求，所以用those來(lái)代替。9Tom was at the end of the team, for his luggage is heavier than _ of his friends 答案：that句意：湯姆落在隊(duì)伍的最后，因?yàn)樗男欣畋汝?duì)友的(行李)重。此處應(yīng)用that代指前面同類異物的不可數(shù)名詞luggage。10Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or _ like that答案：something句意：你算出這次旅游將會(huì)花多少錢了嗎？4,000美元，或大約那么多吧。something like “大約”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。11He is recognized as the leading character in the field of physics and so far remains second to _答案：none句意：他被公認(rèn)為物理學(xué)的領(lǐng)軍人物，至今仍然首屈一指。be/remain second to none “首屈一指”，是固定短語(yǔ)。12_ of your parents has to come to sign the papers because your signature doesn't count答案：Either句意：你的父母要有一方來(lái)在試卷上簽字，因?yàn)槟愕暮灻凰銛?shù)。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has to可知主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，故用either，意為“(兩者中的)任一個(gè)”。13It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language答案：neither由于hard表示“困難的”，暗指父母都不會(huì)說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言，故空格處用neither “兩者都不”，表示否定含義。14A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's _ (I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully答案：me/mine此空需填表語(yǔ)。由下文可知，此處表示一名女士驚呼，“是我丟東西了/那是我的箱子”，故填me/mine。15What seems to be a good thing to one person may be a bad thing to _答案：another句意：同樣一件事對(duì)于一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是好事，而對(duì)于另外一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)可能就是壞事。another指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的另外一個(gè)。16September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill答案：by句意：9月30日是你必須付賬單的最后期限。此處by意為“不遲于，在之前”。17The little red house looks so beautiful _ the green woods答案：against句意：這座紅色的小屋在翠綠的樹(shù)林的襯托下顯得如此美麗。against “在襯托下，以為背景”。18Sorry, madam You'd better come tomorrow because it's _ the visiting hours now答案：beyond句意：對(duì)不起，夫人。你最好明天來(lái)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)超過(guò)探視時(shí)間了。beyond意為“在較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出”，符合句意。19Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh students答案：between句意：在課間休息時(shí)，我們學(xué)校開(kāi)發(fā)了各種各樣的有益的體育活動(dòng)來(lái)讓學(xué)生放松。between用于兩者之間，也可指多個(gè)事物中的兩者之間；among用于三者或三者以上。課間是指兩節(jié)課之間，因此應(yīng)用between。20_ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word答案：Of句意：在所有我養(yǎng)過(guò)的動(dòng)物中，這兩只狗對(duì)口頭語(yǔ)言最敏感。此處of用來(lái)表示范圍，意為“在之中”。21The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest答案：with句意：在第五屆漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中，那位有著一雙藍(lán)色眼睛的蘇格蘭姑娘獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。with “有，具有”。22The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car答案：from句意：那名司機(jī)設(shè)法從車?yán)锾恿顺鰜?lái)并發(fā)出警告事故車輛，請(qǐng)繞行。escape from “從逃出”。23This view is common _ all sections of the community答案：across句意：這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在社會(huì)的各個(gè)階層都非常普遍。across “遍及，在各處”。across all sections of the community意為“遍及各個(gè)階層”。24What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant _ another?答案：over句意：你選擇飯店的主要原因是什么？over強(qiáng)調(diào)比較的概念，表“勝過(guò)”。25Some people use hand­written letters in preference _ typing because they're more personal and represent your sincerity答案：to句意：一些人使用手寫的書信，而不是打印信件，因?yàn)槭謱懶偶饺嘶泊砟愕恼嬲\(chéng)。in preference to意為“而不是”。26Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them答案：without句意：父母需要在不給孩子們施加太多壓力的情況下鼓勵(lì)他們發(fā)展自己的潛能。without “沒(méi)有”。without doing sth “沒(méi)有做某事”。27Star skater Wu Dajing won China's first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games _ breaking world record in short track men's 500m答案：by句意：明星速滑運(yùn)動(dòng)員武大靖在2018平昌冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)贏得中國(guó)第一枚金牌，打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界紀(jì)錄。by doing sth為固定搭配，意為“憑借/通過(guò)做某事”，根據(jù)句意可知填by。28Just hang the towel _ the back of the chair so that it will dry soon答案：over句意：把毛巾掛在椅背上，這樣它很快就會(huì)晾干。over “在上面”。表示椅背上面，故填over。29Although the price has gone up by 5%, it's still _ the limit set by the government答案：within句意：雖然價(jià)格已經(jīng)上漲了5%，但是仍然在政府設(shè)定的限度之內(nèi)。within “在之內(nèi)”，符合句意。30In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not _ clapping their hands but _ waving them in the air答案：by; by句意：在北美聾人文化中，許多聽(tīng)眾不是通過(guò)拍手而是通過(guò)在高空中揮動(dòng)雙手以表示鼓掌。設(shè)空處用them代替hands以避免重復(fù)。二、單句改錯(cuò)1We come from different cultures, and carry with our different histories_答案：ourus句意：我們來(lái)自不同的文化，傳承不同的歷史。此處表示carry different histories with us或者carry our different histories。2Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer You need it to complete the things you want to do_答案：itthem前面提到tools like a knife or a hammer, them代替前面的tools，因此將it改為them。3There are shops on all sides of the street_答案：allbothall表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，both表示“(兩者)都”。在道路兩側(cè)應(yīng)用both。4I would appreciate you if you could come to my grandma's birthday party and say “Hello” to her_答案：第一個(gè)youit動(dòng)詞appreciate后不能直接接從句，需要借助于代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ)，然后再接從句。5Farmer though he is, he has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really that of great inspiration_答案：thatone句意：盡管出身農(nóng)民，他已經(jīng)成了一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。這里應(yīng)該用one作表語(yǔ)，指代前面的story，后跟介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于a story of great inspiration。6We must find ways to protect your environment_答案：yourour/the句意：我們必須要找到保護(hù)環(huán)境的方法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)意可知，這里指“保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境”，與we相對(duì)應(yīng)，故應(yīng)用our。也可填定冠詞the，特指“我們生活的大環(huán)境”。7I wanted to give you some bread, but nothing was left_答案：nothingnone句意：我想給你一些面包，但是沒(méi)有剩下。none可以指沒(méi)有一個(gè)(事物)，也可指沒(méi)有一個(gè)人。nothing指什么也沒(méi)有，不但沒(méi)有面包，其他的食物也沒(méi)有。8I'm looking forward to hear from you_答案：hearhearinglook forward to “期待”，該短語(yǔ)中to為介詞，故其后用v­ing形式。9She moved back home to care about her elderly parents_答案：aboutfor句意：她搬回家住，好照料年邁的雙親。care for “照料”，care about “在乎”。10Once it's down by black and white, you can't forget it _答案：byin句意：一旦白紙黑字寫下來(lái)，你就不會(huì)忘記了。in black and white “白紙黑字”。11Please help with me and give me some advice_答案：去掉with句意：請(qǐng)幫幫我，給我一些建議。help為及物動(dòng)詞，故去掉with。12I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party_答案：anythingsomething句意：我想在他退休聚會(huì)上為他做些特別的事情?？隙ň渲杏胹omething。13We went to swim in the river in a very hot day_答案：第二個(gè)inon表示在具體的某一天用介詞on。14More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space_答案：第二個(gè)infor句意：因?yàn)槿狈臻g，大城市里建起了越來(lái)越多的高層建筑。for lack of固定短語(yǔ)，意為“因?yàn)槿狈Α薄?5Under your help, I finished my job on time_答案：UnderWith句意：在你的幫助下，我按時(shí)完成了我的工作。with one's help相當(dāng)于with the help of sb 是固定搭配，意為“在某人的幫助下”。代詞一、代詞的分類用來(lái)代替名詞或起名詞作用的詞叫作代詞。英語(yǔ)中的代詞可分為九類。二、?？即~的用法1it, that, those, one代詞用法it指代上文提到的同一事物that特指同類異物的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，只指物，通常有范圍限定thosethose相當(dāng)于the ones，只指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，可指人，也可指物one泛指同類異物的可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)用one，復(fù)數(shù)用onesI cannot find my watch I must have lost itThe weather here is much better than that in BeijingMy pen is broken I must buy one2both, either, neither, all, any, some, none, no one續(xù)表Both of his parents are teachersYou can take either of the pictures, whichever you likeNeither of us could understand GermanAll are happy to know the newsWe had three cats once but none (of them) is alive now3another, other, the other, the others, others代詞用法another三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)other“其他的”，只作定語(yǔ)，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。other students “其他的學(xué)生”the other兩者中的另一個(gè)。常與one連用，構(gòu)成：one the other “一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”the others為the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物others泛指別的人或物Will you show me another? I don't like its colorShe has two sisters One is Mary and the_other is JoanWhy are only three of you here? Where are the_others?Don't cut in when others speak限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2018·全國(guó)卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive答案：them人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用其賓格。them在此作find的賓語(yǔ)。2(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out答案：it此處it作形式主語(yǔ)，指代后面真正的主語(yǔ)不定式to eat out。 3(2018·浙江高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her答案：for句意：如果你不打算遭遇這種問(wèn)題，那么我建議下一次你去你母親家吃飯的時(shí)候，從她那里獲取幾個(gè)烹飪的秘訣。去媽媽家吃飯，表示目的，故填for。 4(2018·全國(guó)卷)Wang Shu, a 49­year­old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred _ as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28 答案：to句意：在2月28日，49歲的中國(guó)建筑師王澍獲得了2012年普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)被譽(yù)為“建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”。5(2018·北京高考)Good morning, Mr Lee's office Good morning I'd like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon答案：for此處表示“我”想預(yù)約星期三下午(的時(shí)間)。make an appointment for是固定搭配，意為“為約定”。故此處用介詞for。6(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy (愛(ài)窺探的), keeping their eyes on me _ curiosity答案：with句意：客廳的人們很愛(ài)窺探似的，好奇地一直盯著我。with curiosity “出于好奇”。7(2018·江蘇高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls _ a clear road map and timetable答案：for句意：發(fā)展長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一項(xiàng)需要清晰的路線圖和時(shí)間表的系統(tǒng)工程。call for “需要”。8(2017·江蘇高考)Determining where we are in relation _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival答案：to句意：根據(jù)我們周圍的環(huán)境來(lái)確定自己身在何處，這是我們生存的一項(xiàng)必不可少的技能。in relation to “關(guān)于，涉及”，符合語(yǔ)境，故此處填to。9(2017·天津高考)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old答案：among句意：當(dāng)你開(kāi)車穿越加利福尼亞州的紅杉林時(shí)，你會(huì)置身于壽命超過(guò)一千年的樹(shù)木之中。among “在當(dāng)中，為所圍繞”，符合語(yǔ)境。故填among。10(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students _ return, we expect students to work hard答案：In句意：我們向我們的學(xué)生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育，作為回報(bào)，我們希望學(xué)生能夠努力學(xué)習(xí)。in return “作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答”。11(2018·廣西模擬)I didn't know the way _ my hotel, so I asked a porter how I could get there答案：tothe way to 為固定搭配，意為“到的路”。12(2016·天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt If I hadn't been wearing _， I would have been injured答案：one句意：我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果沒(méi)系的話，我可能已經(jīng)受傷了。one泛指安全帶，表同類異物。13(2016·浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK答案：that句意：在很多方面，美國(guó)的教育體系和英國(guó)的教育體系沒(méi)有很大差異。這里指代前面的名詞education system，后面有in the UK修飾，所以用that。14(2016·四川高考)By that time, the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food答案：its句意：到那時(shí)，這只熊貓不再需要從它的母親那里獲取食物。此處用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾mother。15(2018·山東師大附中檢測(cè))She must be shy You may be shy _ (you)答案：yourself句意：她一定很害羞，你自己可能也會(huì)害羞。反身代詞在句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。16(2018·廣西南寧檢測(cè))Dasiree's paintings catch your eyes immediately, and then your eyes lock on _答案：them句意：德西里的畫立刻吸引了你們的視線，然后你們的視線就鎖定在這些畫上。介詞on的賓語(yǔ)指的是前面提到的paintings，故用them代替。17(2018·河南開(kāi)封二模)Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help _ (they) realize these choices答案：themselves句意：只有人類可以選擇生活的地方和生活的方式，然后改善自然環(huán)境來(lái)幫助自己實(shí)現(xiàn)這些選擇。本空所填詞作help的賓語(yǔ)，而help的主語(yǔ)是they，主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)互指，故賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞。18(2018·全國(guó)卷)Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _ Chinese traditions答案：onfocus on固定短語(yǔ)，意為“聚焦于，集中精力于”。19(2018·山東東營(yíng)一模)_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio­economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system答案：It句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，在我們的教育體制里，來(lái)自比較貧困的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的年輕人往往會(huì)表現(xiàn)不佳。it作形式主語(yǔ)，“that young people from poorer socio­economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”為主語(yǔ)從句，是真正的主語(yǔ)。20(2017·天津高考)Donations began flooding in _ hundreds of people答案：from句意：成百上千人的捐贈(zèng)像潮水般涌來(lái)。from“自，從”。21(2018·全國(guó)卷)As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old _答案：ones句意：雖然我們積累了更多的設(shè)備，然而，我們并沒(méi)有扔掉舊設(shè)備。devices是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，ones代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故填ones。22(2018·全國(guó)卷)When it comes _ technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建議) parents looking for data about the effect of e­readers and tablets on reading答案：to此處when it comes to表示“提及，談到”，是一個(gè)固定詞組，其中to是介詞。23(2018·全國(guó)卷)The style of the campus is quite different from _ of most Chinese universities答案：that句意：這個(gè)校園的風(fēng)格與大多數(shù)中國(guó)大學(xué)的風(fēng)格截然不同。前面style是單數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)“of most Chinese universities”可知，that代替前面的style。24(2018·天津高考)There's a new frontier in 3­D printing that's beginning to come _ focus: food答案：into句意：3D打印技術(shù)開(kāi)始關(guān)注一個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域：食物。come into focus “開(kāi)始關(guān)注”。25(2018·浙江高考)As the 200th anniversary of Dickens' birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made _ a lasting one 答案：himself句意：隨著狄更斯誕辰200周年紀(jì)念日的臨近，讓我們一起去了解他是怎么使得自己成為一個(gè)永恒的人物的吧，這對(duì)我們的文化來(lái)說(shuō)是可能的也是必要的。make himself “使得自己成為”。26(2018·江蘇高考)There are solutions that could light a path _ a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us答案：towards句意：雖然有指引通向可持續(xù)的、公平的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的解決方案，但是農(nóng)民們不能把這些方案展現(xiàn)在我們面前。towards “通向”，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向性。 27(2016·全國(guó)卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands 答案：with句意：并非亞洲的每個(gè)地方(的人們)都用筷子。例如，在印度，大部分的人習(xí)慣用手吃飯。with“用”，符合句意。28(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years答案：for句意：這位母親持續(xù)照顧熊貓幼崽兩年多?！癴or一段時(shí)間”作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。29(2016·全國(guó)卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day答案：on句意：我們大多數(shù)人在早晨時(shí)對(duì)任務(wù)的注意力要比晚些時(shí)候的注意力更集中。be focused on “集中于”。30(2018·河北調(diào)研)Xi'an is famous _ its long history答案：for句意：西安因它悠久的歷史而出名。be famous for “因?yàn)槌雒?。二、單句改錯(cuò)1(2018·南昌二模)We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found it yet_答案：itone句意：我們一直在尋找一個(gè)便宜的房子，但是還沒(méi)有找到。此處onea cheap house，泛指任何一個(gè)便宜的房子，而it指上文出現(xiàn)的同一事物。2(2018·江蘇月考)Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support her_答案：第二個(gè)herherself句意：詹妮弗相信，當(dāng)她在經(jīng)濟(jì)上自己有能力養(yǎng)活自己時(shí)就會(huì)搬出去單住。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)本身，作賓語(yǔ)，故用反身代詞herself。3(2016·全國(guó)卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books_答案：yourour句意：如果我們出國(guó)旅游，我們就能拓寬視野并學(xué)到書本上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)。此處應(yīng)該使用our，與本句的主語(yǔ)we在人稱上保持一致。4(2016·全國(guó)卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot_答案：manymuch句意：那樣花費(fèi)不多，而我們?nèi)匀豢梢詫W(xué)到很多。此處代詞much指代不可數(shù)名詞money，作動(dòng)詞cost的賓語(yǔ)，而many通常指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。5(2016·全國(guó)卷)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself However, my parents didn't seem to think such_答案：suchsoso作指示代詞，可以代替前面句子的內(nèi)容，而such不能指代前面的內(nèi)容。后一句句意：然而，我的父母看起來(lái)不那樣認(rèn)為。6(2018·云南月考)We asked both John and Mary about this problem, but none could offer a satisfactory suggestion_答案：noneneithernone指“三者或三者以上都不”，根據(jù)句意，此處是指“兩者都不”，故應(yīng)用neither。7(2018·全國(guó)卷)They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave with a smile_答案：第二個(gè)atinin low spirits “情緒低落”。8(2019·吉林普通中學(xué)一調(diào))Liverpool is also well­known on its football and other sports events_答案：onfor句意：利物浦還因?yàn)樗淖闱蚝推渌w育賽事而聞名。be well­known for “因而著名”。9(2018·長(zhǎng)春調(diào)研)As there was no main topic to discuss, the conversation changed from one topic to other_答案：otheranother句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有一個(gè)討論的主題，所以談話從一個(gè)話題轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)話題。another泛指“三者或三者以上的另外一個(gè)”。10(2018·全國(guó)卷)I pay 5 on a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil_答案：onforpay for 固定短語(yǔ)。意為“因某物付多少錢”。11(2018·石家莊高三復(fù)習(xí)檢測(cè))It has nothing to do over fashion, but rather a royal tradition that dates back to the sixteenth century_答案：overwith句意：它與時(shí)尚無(wú)關(guān)卻能夠追溯到16世紀(jì)的一個(gè)皇家傳統(tǒng)。have nothing to do with為固定搭配，意為“和無(wú)關(guān)”。12(2018·全國(guó)卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals_答案：anotherotheranother指“三者或三者以上的另一個(gè)”；other意為“其他的”，作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞，所以應(yīng)該將anther改為other。13(2018·全國(guó)卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes_答案：forwith根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示play sth with sb “和某人一起玩”，故將for改為with。14(2018·全國(guó)卷)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain_答案：usme根據(jù)后面的“help my brain”可知，玩撲克牌游戲有助于“我”的大腦，因此這里的意思是“告訴我”，故將us改為me。15(2018·全國(guó)卷)I had done myself homework but I was shy_答案：myselfmy/the此處意為“我的作業(yè)或這次作業(yè)”， homework應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my或定冠詞the修飾。介詞及代詞it的特殊用法一、介詞的用法1表示時(shí)間：表示某一具體時(shí)刻前用at；表示在具體的某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on；表示在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)，世紀(jì)、朝代或年月，泛指的上午、下午、晚上用in; after表示“在之后”；for常與時(shí)間段連用，意為“(時(shí)間)持續(xù)達(dá)”。2表示地點(diǎn)、方位：at一般指在較小的地方；in一般指在較大的地方，或在某范圍之內(nèi)；on指在物體的表面，或相鄰接壤；to表示不接壤；beside/by表示“在的旁邊”；between和among，前者表示“在兩者之間”，后者表示“在三者或三者以上之間”。3其他介詞(1)表示交通方式的by, in, on“by名詞”表示交通方式時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞；但是in, on后的名詞必須有冠詞或代詞等修飾。 He goes to work by_car every day He goes to work in_his_car every day(2)表示“用”的by, in, withby側(cè)重方式、方法，多用于表示無(wú)形的工具或手段的名詞前；in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身體器官的名詞前。He earned his living by selling newspapersPlease write the answer in inkThey are digging with spades二、代詞it的特殊用法1指代時(shí)間、距離、天氣等It is just five o'clock nowAfter September 23, it is getting dark earlierIn mountainous areas, it is usually cooler in summer2性別或身份不明或被認(rèn)為不重要的人或物Who is knocking at the door?It is the milkman3作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)It is said that he has gone abroad to continue his studyI find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms4用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)it沒(méi)有具體意義，通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句