（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)五 非謂語動(dòng)詞（含解析）

考點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語法填空1The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories _ (draw) from her childhood memories答案：drawn句意：憑借著她從她的童年記憶中獲取的豐富多彩的故事，那個(gè)作家贏得了很多小孩子的心。分析句子，由于句子已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語動(dòng)詞has won，故空格處只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞；由于stories與draw之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。2_ (receive) your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly答案：To receive句意：為了及時(shí)收到你購買的物品，要確?？爝f公司準(zhǔn)確地知道你的地址。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。3_ (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company答案：Having completed句意：他完成海外學(xué)習(xí)之后，最后被他夢(mèng)寐以求的公司雇用了。he和complete在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，且此處分詞的動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語。4This course is of great interest to students, _ (hope) to improve their writing skills答案：hoping句意：學(xué)生對(duì)本課程有極大的興趣，希望能提高他們的寫作能力。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語。5The young lady, _ (make) several attempts to fix her cell phone, decided to have another try答案：having made句意：這位年輕的女士試圖修好她的手機(jī)，她已經(jīng)嘗試好幾次了，決定再試一次。句中主語“The young lady”和動(dòng)詞“make”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞decided之前，故用動(dòng)詞­ing形式的完成式作狀語。6Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment _ (need) to do online shopping答案：needed句意：目前，越來越多的中國(guó)家庭擁有在線購物所需的技術(shù)和設(shè)備。此處是過去分詞作后置定語，故填needed。7Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them _ (perform) live is quite another答案：being performed句意：在家里的電視上看籃球比賽是一回事，去看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)比賽又是另外一回事。根據(jù)句意可知，“perform”與其邏輯主語“them”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由live “現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式being performed，作賓語them的補(bǔ)足語。8Beijing's new international airport _ (put) into operation in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers annually答案：to be put句意：將于2019年投入運(yùn)營(yíng)的北京新國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)每年將為7,200萬乘客提供服務(wù)。此處表示將來，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語；airport和put into operation之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。9_ (know) basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies答案：Knowing句意：了解基本的急救技能將有助于你快速地對(duì)緊急情況作出反應(yīng)。分析句子成分可知，謂語是will help，所以will前面的部分是主語，用動(dòng)名詞作主語，表示一般性的事實(shí)。10_ (make) naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, vitamin D is needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles答案：Made句意：當(dāng)暴露在陽光下的時(shí)候，維生素D自然就在皮膚中形成了，它是健康的骨頭、牙齒和肌肉所需要的。vitamin D和make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填Made。11Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi­autobiographical, _ (mirror) the fortunes of Cao's own family答案：mirroring句意：紅樓夢(mèng)被認(rèn)為是一部半自傳性質(zhì)的小說，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命運(yùn)?！癉ream of the Red Chamber”和“mirror”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填mirroring。 12Anyone with an eye on the employment situation knew the assessment about economic recovery _ (be) just around the corner was correct答案：being句意：任何關(guān)注就業(yè)形勢(shì)的人都知道，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)即將復(fù)蘇的評(píng)估是正確的。本句中含有一個(gè)賓語從句，即knew后面的部分，從句中，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，recovery和be之間存在主謂關(guān)系，故填being。13The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without _ (punish) It needs to be fixed答案：being punished句意：現(xiàn)行制度的問題是允許任何人犯下類似的罪行而不受懲罰，因此需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行修改。介詞后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，另外“anyone”和“punish”之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填being punished。14The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China's development in the next three decades and more _ (turn) this blueprint into reality, we must be down­to­earth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes答案：To turn句意：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)為中國(guó)未來三十年甚至更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間的發(fā)展制定了藍(lán)圖。要把這一藍(lán)圖變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，我們必須腳踏實(shí)地，穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)，取得堅(jiān)實(shí)的成果。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。15The young man, _ (catch) in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual答案：caught句意：這個(gè)年輕人，在路上堵車了，比往常到家晚了一個(gè)小時(shí)。be caught in “陷入”，作狀語時(shí)省掉be動(dòng)詞，此處為過去分詞短語表原因。16The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, _ (grant) the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential答案：granting句意：全國(guó)正在進(jìn)行教育改革，給了學(xué)生們更多發(fā)揮最大潛力的機(jī)會(huì)。“_ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential”作狀語，邏輯主語和grant之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，作結(jié)果狀語。17It is not necessary _ (bargain) on this small amount答案：to bargain句意：沒有必要為這么少的數(shù)額討價(jià)還價(jià)。句中it作形式主語，空格處應(yīng)用不定式作真正的主語，構(gòu)成“It'sadjto do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。18It is a waste of time _ (persuade) such a person to join us答案：persuading句意：勸說這樣的人加入我們真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It is a waste of time doing sth“做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間”。19_ (dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident答案：Dressed句意：穿著她最喜歡的裙子，她看起來更自信了。be dressed in “穿著”，表示狀態(tài)，本句中，過去分詞短語“dressed in ”作狀語。20With all my jobs _ (do), I will go out for a picnic答案：done句意：所有的工作完成了，我將出去野餐。此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，本句中賓語my jobs和do之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞done表被動(dòng)和完成。21I'd like to see the plan _ (carry) out答案：carried句意：我想看到這個(gè)計(jì)劃被執(zhí)行。plan與carry out之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。22Almost all metals are good conductors, silver _ (be) the best of all答案：being句意：幾乎所有的金屬都是良好的導(dǎo)體，其中銀是最好的。句中的兩部分由逗號(hào)分隔，無連詞，逗號(hào)前面是含有謂語動(dòng)詞的句子；逗號(hào)后的部分有其主語silver，由此可推斷，逗號(hào)后需要用獨(dú)立主格形式。silver和be之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填being。23Greatly _ (encourage), agricultural researchers began to study this particular type of plant答案：encouraged句意：受到了極大的鼓舞，農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員開始研究這種特殊的植物。agricultural researchers與encourage之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。24She was the first woman _ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games答案：to win句意：她是第一個(gè)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的女性。當(dāng)名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，則用不定式作其后置定語。25My friends are made _ (laugh) by my little girl答案：to laugh句意：我的朋友們被我的小女兒逗笑了。使役動(dòng)詞(make, have, let)用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。二、單句改錯(cuò)1Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as listing below_答案：listinglisted句意：我們中有幾個(gè)人被要求參加這次會(huì)議，如下所列。此處表示“被列出”，所以用過去分詞。2Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn't dare to go out without someone accompanied her_答案：accompaniedaccompanying句意：她被警告晚上街上有危險(xiǎn)，因而沒有人陪同，這個(gè)女孩不敢出去?！皊omeone”與“accompany”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 3Offered people food, housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens_答案：OfferedOffering句意：在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生后，給人們提供食物、住所和工作是政府應(yīng)該首先考慮到的。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處缺少主語，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式。4After class, the teacher couldn't leave, surrounding by the students_答案：surroundingsurrounded句意：下課后，老師無法離開，因?yàn)楸粚W(xué)生們圍住了。the teacher與動(dòng)詞surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞作狀語。5As is known, only work hard leads to happiness_答案：workworking句意：眾所周知，只有努力工作才能獲得幸福。分析句子可知，此處作主語，表示一般性事實(shí)，故用v­ing形式。6Not received regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first_答案：Not后加having句意：由于沒有接受過正規(guī)的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)，起初她幾乎無法應(yīng)付這份工作。邏輯主語she與receive之間是主謂關(guān)系，用v­ing形式。且receive發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，故用having received, not放在非謂語動(dòng)詞前。 7Seating at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes_答案：SeatingSeated句意：在房間的后面坐著一個(gè)害羞的女孩，這個(gè)女孩長(zhǎng)著兩只大眼睛。本句是一個(gè)倒裝句，seated為過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞作表語。 8Circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for_答案：permitpermitting句意：如果情況允許的話，他就不會(huì)取消他一直渴望的旅行了。這里用“名詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于If circumstances permit。9The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laying for a meal to be cooked_答案：layinglaidwith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成是“with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”，由于lay與table之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。10In order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat _答案：去掉be句意：為了讓自己被注意到，她戴了一頂紅色的帽子。make sb done “使某人被”。11The examinee who is caught cheated in the College Entrance Examination will get zero in this subject_答案：cheatedcheating句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目將會(huì)得零分。這里是catch sb doing結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式，所以應(yīng)把cheated改為cheating。12When Mrs Clarke was making tea, she heard the sound of the door be pushed open_答案：bebeing句意：當(dāng)克拉克夫人正在泡茶的時(shí)候，她聽到門正在被推開的聲音。hear sth being done “聽見某事正在被做，聽見某物正在被”。13Imagine getting better grades after improve your study habits_答案：improveimproving介詞after后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式improving作賓語。14He came in suddenly without permitted_答案：permitted前加being句意：沒有經(jīng)過允許，他就突然進(jìn)來了。主語he和permit之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且without后接動(dòng)名詞，因此應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式being permitted。15Comparing with Jim's house, mine is big_答案：ComparingComparedmine (my house)與compare之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞compared作狀語。非謂語動(dòng)詞(一)一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式He is said to_be_studying abroad nowHe is said to_have_studied abroad for 3 yearsThe students went out of the classroom, laughing_and_talkingHaving_finished my homework, I went to bed二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1不定式作主語：往往表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作，常用it作形式主語，而把不定式后置。2動(dòng)名詞作主語：往往表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語，但僅限于幾個(gè)句型。It is a great honor to_be_invited_to_speak_herePlaying_the_piano is my hobby注意：it作形式主語代替動(dòng)名詞，常出現(xiàn)在It is no use/good doing , It is useful doing , It is a waste of time doing 等句型里。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語動(dòng)詞的不定式和動(dòng)名詞形式可以作賓語，但是不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，如果作介詞賓語，不定式符號(hào)to前面往往有疑問詞。1只跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。I can't afford_to_take_a_holiday this summer because of the projectHe determined_to_return_home early2只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。 It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped_being_killed in a traffic accident Do you feel_like_going_out for a walk?3跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語均可，且意義差別不大的動(dòng)詞like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作；接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣性行為。She started_playing/to_play the violin when she was four4跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義相同，但形式不同的動(dòng)詞在主語表示物的句子中，且作“需要”講時(shí)，need, want, require后接v­ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意義相同，但是v­ing形式用主動(dòng)式，不定式用被動(dòng)式。Your T­shirt needs_washing/to_be_washedMy bicycle wants_repairing/to_be_repaired5跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語均可，但是意義不同的動(dòng)詞trymeanforget/rememberregretgo onstopcan't help限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語法填空1(2018·全國(guó)卷)You don't have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit答案：to see句意：為了證實(shí)跑步的好處，你不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目的狀語。2(2018·全國(guó)卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running 答案：dying作介詞of的賓語，使用動(dòng)名詞，故填dying。3(2019·福建百所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高三聯(lián)考) _ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems 答案：Using根據(jù)空格和整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少主語，故使用動(dòng)名詞using和后面的a different mental approach一起作主語，表示一種概念、習(xí)慣和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。4(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _ (take)答案：takenhave sth done “讓被做”，photograph與take之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用taken。5(2018·全國(guó)卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel _ (challenge)答案：looking; challengedavoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，avoid doing sth意為“避免做某事”。feel為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，此處表“被挑戰(zhàn)的”，修飾人，故用challenged。6(2018·全國(guó)卷)He was just saying：“I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay) and watch答案：to stay此處allow sb to do sth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“允許某人做某事”，因此應(yīng)填to stay。7(2018·浙江高考)I still remember _ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time答案：visiting此處作remember的賓語，由句意可知，后面應(yīng)該使用visiting。8(2018·浙江高考)While regularly eating out seems to _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost答案：have become此處seem to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，但是從后面的“in recent years”可知填不定式的完成式，故填have become。9(2018·北京高考)_ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience答案：Travel(l)ing句意：沿著絲綢之路旅游是一個(gè)有趣又有回報(bào)的經(jīng)歷。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，句子中缺少主語，故填Travel(l)ing。10(2018·北京高考)During the Mid­Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes答案：to share句意：在中秋節(jié)期間，家人們經(jīng)常聚集在一起來吃飯、賞月和吃月餅。句子的謂語是gather，空格處用不定式作目的狀語。 11(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, _ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively答案：used句意：普通肥皂，如果正確地使用，能夠有效地對(duì)付細(xì)菌?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞use與前面的soap構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，指肥皂被使用，故填used。12(2019·長(zhǎng)春實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)期末)Don't get _ (depress) by a big, long­term goalsee what steps you can take to achieve it 答案：depressed句意：不要對(duì)宏偉長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)感到壓抑看看你能采取什么措施實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。根據(jù)前面的get可知，此處是“get過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故使用depressed。13(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean _ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help _ (try) it答案：to eat; trying句意：我不打算吃任何東西，但是這冰激凌看起來如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短語mean to do “打算做”， couldn't help doing “忍不住做”。14(2018·江蘇高考)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts答案：exceeding句意：在這期間，新增就業(yè)崗位約13,500個(gè)，超過市場(chǎng)分析師認(rèn)為的預(yù)期數(shù)量12,000。分析全句可知，這里指前一件事情所帶來的自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填exceeding。15(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ (range) from butterflies to elephants答案：ranging句意：國(guó)家公園里有一大批的野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。根據(jù)語境可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語，表示“包括(從到)之間的各類事物”。16(2017·江蘇高考)Many Chinese brands, _ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market答案：having developed句意：很多中國(guó)的品牌，歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹立了良好聲譽(yù)，正在面臨來自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新挑戰(zhàn)。develop的邏輯主語是Many Chinese brands，兩者之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)后面有時(shí)間狀語over centuries，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，即having done的形式。17(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated答案：allowing句意：這家醫(yī)院近期獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這讓更多的病人可以接受治療。allow與其邏輯主語medical equipment之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用v­ing形式作結(jié)果狀語。18(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not _ (know) where she was heading答案：knowing句意：簡(jiǎn)沿著綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著，不知道要去哪里。邏輯主語Jane與know之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且know表示的動(dòng)作和句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞knowing，表伴隨。19(2016·全國(guó)卷)My ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia答案：introducing動(dòng)詞include后缺賓語，需用所給動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語。20(2016·全國(guó)卷)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely _ (bring) your work home答案：to bring句意：如果你在辦公室外面發(fā)現(xiàn)了你喜歡做的事情，你就不太可能把工作帶回家去做。be likely to do sth“可能做某事”。21(2018·湖南三校聯(lián)考)Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said _ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his books' royalty (版稅) income over the past two years答案：to have donated由時(shí)間狀語over the past two years可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式的完成式。Sb be said to have done sth “據(jù)說某人已經(jīng)做過某事”。22(2018·江西九江十校聯(lián)考)But conservationists say that _ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting答案：making句意：但(自然環(huán)境)保護(hù)主義者說使象牙出售合法化會(huì)導(dǎo)致甚至更多的非法捕獵。設(shè)空處作賓語從句的主語，表達(dá)的內(nèi)容并非指某一次的具體行為，故用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語。因此填making。23(2018·河南重點(diǎn)高中質(zhì)檢)I felt hopeless and lonely, and more _ (depress) than I knew was possible答案：depressed句意：我感到絕望、孤獨(dú)及前所未有過的沮喪。設(shè)空處作felt的表語，故填depressed。24(2019·牡丹江一中高三摸底)_ (face) with a difficult situation, Amold decided to ask his boss for advice答案：Facedbe faced with “面對(duì)著”；本句中應(yīng)使用短語faced with 對(duì)句子主語Amold的情況進(jìn)行說明，且在句中作原因狀語。句意：面對(duì)著艱難的形勢(shì)，Amold決定向老板征詢建議。 25(2018·江西紅色七校一聯(lián))It is _ (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes答案：shocking句意：令人震驚的是：一些投資銀行甚至根據(jù)申請(qǐng)者是否穿棕色鞋子來對(duì)他們作出評(píng)判。shocking “令人震驚的”；shocked “感到震驚的”。這兩者都是分詞化的形容詞，v­ing多修飾物；v­ed多修飾人。二、單句改錯(cuò)1(2019·昆明市高三摸底)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night avoid human beings, a new study finds_答案：avoid前加to句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，獅子、老虎以及其他的動(dòng)物在夜間保持清醒旨在避開人類。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故avoid前加to。2(2019·惠州高三第一次調(diào)研)After purchase seedlings, we chose a place where the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine_答案：purchasepurchasing介詞after后應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語。3(2018·北京高考)In my first PE class, the teacher required us run laps and then hit a softball_答案：run前加to根據(jù)require sb to do sth “要求某人做某事”可知，此處使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。4(2018·江蘇高考)With a new farm bill debating in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers_答案：debatingto be debated分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，此處為“with名詞不定式”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句意，指法案將在國(guó)會(huì)進(jìn)行辯論，bill與debate之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。5(2018·浙江高考)Move into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience_答案：MoveMoving根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，此處Move into a new home in a new neighborhood部分作主語，而動(dòng)詞短語不能直接作主語，故將Move改為Moving。6(2018·全國(guó)卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud_答案：waitwaiting主語Everyone與wait之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，因此將wait改成waiting。7(2018·全國(guó)卷)When being combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”_答案：去掉being因?yàn)檫壿嬛髡Zfrozen bananas與combine之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故狀語從句省略后用過去分詞combined; combine在句中邏輯主語與其并非主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且無動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意，所以省略句中不用現(xiàn)在分詞，更無需其現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。故可知應(yīng)刪去being。8(2016·北京高考)Ordering over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now_答案：OrderingOrdered句意：一周前訂的書，現(xiàn)在這些書有望隨時(shí)到達(dá)。order與主語books之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用過去分詞ordered作狀語。9(2016·全國(guó)卷)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip_答案：taketaking句意：我們可以選擇待在家里或是去旅行。between and 連接兩個(gè)并列成分，前面是staying at home，所以后面用taking a trip。10(2018·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Because we had not eaten ice cream for a long time, we got very exciting_答案：excitingexcited句意：因?yàn)楹荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有吃過冰激凌了，所以我們都非常激動(dòng)。exciting “令人激動(dòng)的”，修飾物；excited “感到激動(dòng)的”，修飾人。11(2017·江蘇高考)Work with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor_答案：WorkWorking句意：在非洲與醫(yī)療隊(duì)一起工作使她作為一名醫(yī)生的最佳素質(zhì)彰顯了出來。因?yàn)樵诰渲凶髦髡Z，因此需用work的動(dòng)名詞形式working。12(2018·河南中原名校質(zhì)檢)Locating in North America, Canada is the second largest country with the largest number of lakes in the world_答案：LocatingLocated句意：加拿大位于北美洲，它是世界第二大國(guó)家，境內(nèi)湖泊數(shù)量世界第一。此處非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。be located in “位于”，在本句中，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作狀語。13(2019·桂林十八中高三月考)With nothing leaving to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out_答案：leavingleft句意：剩下的沒有什么東西可燃燒，火越來越弱最后熄滅了。句中nothing和動(dòng)詞leave之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。14(2019·廈門一中高三月考)Offered the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed_答案：OfferedBeing offered句意：被給予在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)讓我欣喜若狂。本句中的made me overjoyed是“謂語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，前部分內(nèi)容應(yīng)該作主語，過去分詞不能作主語。本句中動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語。 15(2018·鄭州質(zhì)檢)Judged from the look of the sky, it may clear up_答案：JudgedJudging句意：由天色看來，可能會(huì)放晴。judging from/by是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“根據(jù)判斷”。非謂語動(dòng)詞(二)四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語1不定式：表示某一特定行為，尤其是將來的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。2動(dòng)名詞：不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，只說明動(dòng)作的名稱，或主語的內(nèi)容。3現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主語具有的特征。4過去分詞：表示主語的感受或所處的狀態(tài)。My wish is to_be a scientistThe reason he gave was very convincingHe is shocked at what happened to his son五、