（江蘇版）2019屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)聚焦 Unit 3 Science versus nature知能演練輕松闖關(guān) 牛津譯林版必修5

Unit 3 Science versus natureA卷 單項(xiàng)填空1Brian had been ill for a long time and _ he was behind in his work.AnormallyBconstantlyCconsequently DoccasionallyC解析：句意：Brian病了很長時(shí)間， 因此他的工作落后了。 normally“通常地， 正常地”； constantly“不斷地， 時(shí)常地”； consequently“因此， 所以”； occasionally“偶爾， 間或” 。 根據(jù)句意可知， C項(xiàng)正確。 2I would appreciate it if you could_ my mistakes in the composition.Apoint out Bpoint toCpoint at Dpoint upA解析：point out“指出”； point to“提到(重要的事或理由), 指向”； point at“指著”； point up“強(qiáng)調(diào)， 明確顯示”。 由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。 3When you talk about a persons _， you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.Aorigin BnationalityCgeneration DrelationA解析：句意：當(dāng)你談?wù)撘粋€(gè)人的出身時(shí)， 往往指的是他父母或祖先所在的國家、種族或社會(huì)階層。 A項(xiàng)意為“出身”； B項(xiàng)意為“國籍”； C項(xiàng)意為“一代”； D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系” 。 故A項(xiàng)正確。 4Sorry, I didnt do it_. I only _to help you.Aintention; had intendedBby intention; had intendedCwith intention; intendedDwith intention; intendB解析：句意：對不起， 我不是故意那樣做的， 我原本只是打算幫助你的。 by intention“故意地”； had intended to do“原打算做” 。 5My bicycle is not as _ as it used to be, for the chain often locks on my way to school.Aflexible BsensitiveCadmirable DreliableD解析：句意：我的自行車沒有以前那么靠得住了， 因?yàn)樵谏蠈W(xué)途中車鏈經(jīng)?？ㄗ?。 A項(xiàng)意為“靈活的， 柔韌的”； B項(xiàng)意為“靈敏的；易被惹惱的”； C項(xiàng)意為“令人贊賞的”； D項(xiàng)意為“可依靠的， 可信賴的”。 根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。 6But others oppose the idea _ the belief that the construction work may cause air pollution.Abase on Bbasing onCbased on Dbases onC解析：based on是過去分詞短語作定語， 它和被修飾的名詞idea是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 7Its unwise of you not to_his suggestions, for he is an authority in this field.Aadapt BadoreCadopt DadvanceC解析：句意：你不采納他的建議是不明智的，因?yàn)樗沁@一領(lǐng)域里的權(quán)威。 adapt“適應(yīng)； 改編”； adore“喜歡”； adopt“采納； 收養(yǎng)”； advance“前進(jìn)； 增長” 。 8_ by a flea, the baby kept on scratching the bite, _ the bites infected.ABitten; to make BTo bite; to makeCBiting; making DBitten; makingD解析：bitten是過去分詞作原因狀語， 和句子的主語the baby是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， making是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。 9(2018·鹽城中學(xué)高三綜合測試)As young people, we should always take the lead_ the call of the government.Ain response to Bin relation toCin regard to Din addition toA解析：句意：作為年輕人我們應(yīng)該帶頭響應(yīng)政府號召。in response to “響應(yīng)； 回答”。 10Most workers have heard the news that their products, with excellent quality and delicate skill, are enjoying growing _ among the customers abroad.Afavor BdignityCresponse DprofitA解析：句意：很多工人已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息， 即他們的產(chǎn)品由于質(zhì)量好、做工精致， 贏得了越來越多的國外客戶的青睞。 favor“偏愛， 支持”， 符合句意。 dignity“尊貴， 高尚”； response“反應(yīng)， 答復(fù)”； profit“利潤” 。11(2018·南通質(zhì)檢)Mr.Priestly has just accepted our offer over the phone.Good, but you must ask him to _ it in writing.Aconsume BconfirmCconsult DconductB解析：句意：Priestly先生剛在電話里接受了我們的請求。 好， 但你應(yīng)該請他以書面的形式確定下來。 confirm“確認(rèn)， 確定” 。 12(2018·江蘇如東中學(xué)檢測)_ a distinctive scenic spot worth _， Yangzhou, a friendly city, appeals to visitors from all over the world.AConsidered; visitedBConsidered; visiting CConsidering; visitingDConsidering; being visitedB解析：consider和主語Yangzhou之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 因此用過去分詞形式； worth doing sth.表示“值得做某事”， 故選B。 13(2018·江蘇省南京市、鹽城市模擬) He abandoned teaching_ a career as a musician.Ain favor of Bin terms ofCwith regard to Dwith reference toA解析：句意：為了他的音樂事業(yè)， 他放棄了教學(xué)。 in favor of “有利于， 支持， 贊成”； in terms of “根據(jù)， 依而言”； with regard to “關(guān)于， 說起”； with reference to “提及， 參考”。 故判斷選A。 14When you are lost, there is nothing _than to stay where you are, waiting for help.Amore BbetterCworse DratherB解析：句意：當(dāng)你迷路的時(shí)候， 最好的方式就是待在原處不動(dòng)， 等待援助。 There is nothing better than to do sth.是固定句式， 意為“最好做某事； 沒有比再好了”，否定詞比較級表示最高級含義。 15Though animals dont have languages as human beings, they have their own special ways to _ their feelings to each other.Adistribute BspreadCtransform DconveyD解析：句意：雖然動(dòng)物不像人類一樣有語言， 但它們有自己獨(dú)特的方式來彼此表達(dá)情感。 distribute“分發(fā)”； spread“展開， 傳播”； transform“使改變， 使轉(zhuǎn)化”； convey“傳送， 表達(dá)” 。 根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D。 閱讀理解AJohannes Vermeer is such a quiet and introspective(內(nèi)省的) artist that it took hundreds of years for anyone to notice he was a genius.A major Vermeer exhibition opens this month at the Louvre in Paris, whose permanent collection includes his great painting of a woman absorbed in close, visually demanding work, The Lacemaker (about 16691670). Like other paintings by Vermeer, this image represents modern culture.So attracted are todays art lovers by Vermeer that it was thought shocking when a recent survey found that 82% of Americans cant name who painted Girl with a Pearl Earring. Well, maybe they dont go to the movies much.It is not true to say he was forgottenthat would suggest he was famous in his lifetime. He was not. Vermeer was one more painter among the many who worked for money in the Dutch Republic in the 17th century. He was not a star like Rembrandt. He obviously took himself and his art seriously. His self­referential painting The Art of Painting proves that. Even though he worked all his life in Delft, he painted only 35 known works and left his family poor when he died in 1675 at the age of 43.It is fitting that Paris is celebrating Vermeer, because it was the French avant­garde(先鋒派) in the 19th century who saved him from being completely forgotten. Compare his painting Woman in Blue Reading a Letter or The Little Street with Edouard Manets A Bar at the Folies­Bergère(1882)or Camille Pissarros The Boulevard Montmartre at Night (1897) and it is easy to see why the art of Vermeer found its natural audience in Parisian Bohemia.All these artists are likely to have known about and admired Vermeer due to the efforts of the critic Thoré­Bürger, a veteran of the 1848 Revolution.Vermeers rediscovery is part of the history of modern French art. Vermeer is not only a great artist. He is a great modern artist.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了著名畫家Johannes Vermeer的生平和他的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)。1How many paintings produced by Vermeer are mentioned in the text?AFour.BFive.CSix. DSeven.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，本文共提及Vermeer的五幅畫作，包括第二段提及的The Lacemaker、第三段提及的Girl with a Pearl Earring、第四段提及的The Art of Painting、第五段提及的Woman in Blue Reading a Letter和The Little Street，故B項(xiàng)正確。2What can we know about Vermeer from Paragraph 4?AHe was well­known when he was alive.BHe gained a good fortune for his family.CHe didnt witness the popularity of his works.DHe considered painting as a way to have fun.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，盡管他終身在代爾夫特工作，但是直到他在43歲去世時(shí)僅留下了35件被人們所知的作品，他是在貧困中離世的；結(jié)合第一段可知，人們在數(shù)百年后才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的藝術(shù)價(jià)值；據(jù)此可以判斷，他沒能看到他的作品受歡迎，故C項(xiàng)正確。3Who made a great contribution to introducing Vermeer to other artists?ARembrandt. BHis family.CAmerican art lovers. DThoré­Bürger.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知，由于評論家Thoré­Bürger的努力，Vermeer才被這些藝術(shù)家認(rèn)可，故D項(xiàng)正確。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?ARediscovery of VermeerBAnecdotes About VermeerCGreat Modern French ArtDThe Tough Way to Success in ArtA解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了畫家Johannes Vermeer的生平和他的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)。Johannes Vermeer 在世時(shí)，畫作并不為人所知，在貧困中死去；數(shù)百年后人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)他是藝術(shù)天才。故A項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。BI have been in Limoges for a month now. Since living here, I have tried to integrate(融入) into the local community and one way I have found to do this is by following the local rugby team.I decided to look for information on the local rugby team after the tourism office could not help me. I searched for the club office online and decided to look into it. The following day I went back to the club after speaking with them and decided to get a season ticket for the rest of my stay here. I will now be going to each home game as well as travelling to the away games with the team and the fans. I am sure that it is going to be a great experience during my time abroad here. I will also be travelling through various regions of France so I will be visiting new places throughout the season. There is another team in a town called Brive not so far away which plays in the top league in France, but I decided to stay local. I may go and see them with other assistants if possible during our stay.I witnessed a friendly match on Saturday. The match finished 70­12. After the match, both teams went to the clubhouse to see the Rugby World Cup semi­final between New Zealand and Australia. Both teams respected each other，which is something you dont always see in other sports. I spoke to the president of the club after the game and he told me, “This is a family club.” Hopefully this year will be a good year in Limoges.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在法國的Limoges工作期間，為了適應(yīng)并融入當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳疃芮嘘P(guān)注當(dāng)?shù)氐拈蠙烨蜿?duì)，空閑的時(shí)候就去觀看比賽。5How did the writer try to integrate into Limoges community?ABy taking part in the local rugby team.BBy watching the rugby matches in Limoges.CBy playing often with the people in Limoges.DBy paying close attention to the local rugby team.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“I have tried to integrate(融入) into the local community and one way I have found to do this is by following the local rugby team”可知，作者通過密切關(guān)注當(dāng)?shù)氐拈蠙烨蜿?duì)來盡力融入社區(qū)。故選D。6The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”Athe club office Bthe local rugby teamCthe tourism office Dthe local communityB解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“I decided to look for information on the local rugby team after the tourism office could not help me.”可知，當(dāng)?shù)芈糜尉植荒軒椭髡?，作者決定自己去尋找有關(guān)當(dāng)?shù)亻蠙烨蜿?duì)的信息。故此處的it指代“the local rugby team”，故選B。7Why did the two teams go to the clubhouse after the match?ATo show respect to each other.BTo watch the Rugby World Cup semi­final.CTo clean the club together.DTo exchange experience with each other.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“After the match, both teams went to the clubhouse to see the Rugby World Cup semi­final between New Zealand and Australia.”可知，選B。8What can we infer from the text?AThe writer must be a top rugby player.BThe writer is likely to be a boss of a rugby club.CThe writer is likely to come from Australia.DThe writer probably works as an assistant in France.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“I may go and see them with other assistants if possible during our stay.”可知，作者在法國的時(shí)候只要有可能都會(huì)和其他的助理一同去看橄欖球比賽。由此可推斷，作者可能是一位在法國工作的助理，故選D。B卷 完形填空I was a shy kid. Nothing seemed harder than talking to people. I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know._1_，at school I had to spend all day in the company of others. My _2_was studying. It was something I could do _3_and by myself. I spent a lot of time studying and was _4_with good grades.Eventually I went to college. I came to realize that some people were rather fun to _5_with. Yet my childhood _6_carried over and I found myself tonguetied and _7_whenever I found myself in a conversation.One day while on campus, I _8_an advertisement for a position on the local classical music _9_station. I had grown up listening to classical music, and I loved it.In order to get the job, applicants needed to be interviewed. I had absolutely no background in radio, and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners _10_me. I didnt really want the job. I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) _11_Two weeks _12_，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job.It was a _13_job, but I grew to enjoy it. I announced music to thousands of _14_in the city, sometimes answering their calls and _15_to their requests. I began to feel comfortable talking to these people, these strangers who I couldnt even _16_Although I now spend much time talking with people, Im still basically a _17_person. My former shyness is a gift, as I can _18_people who feel discomfort when they talk to strangers. I still enjoy moments of being _19_. But Im also glad I decided to make a _20_in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed.【解題導(dǎo)語】該文主要講述了害羞的作者通過應(yīng)聘電臺工作而實(shí)現(xiàn)自我突破的故事。1A.HoweverBThereforeCOtherwise DBesidesA解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而，作者在學(xué)校里不得不和同學(xué)們相處。2A.advice Bpractice Ctask DescapeD解析：根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid.”可推知，害羞的作者在學(xué)校用學(xué)習(xí)來逃避與人交流。3A.obviously Bsimply Cquietly DpoorlyC解析：與語境“by myself”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者一個(gè)人安安靜靜地做功課。4A.filled BrewardedCdecorated DfacedB解析：與語境“with good grades”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上的付出得到了豐厚的回報(bào)，成績突出。5A.help out Bcatch upCput up Dhang outD解析：由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最終意識到了和朋友相處是有趣的。hang out“常去某處”。6A.happiness BshynessCkindness DgoodnessB解析：根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid.”并結(jié)合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年時(shí)代的害羞個(gè)性還存在。7A.excited BastonishedCembarrassed DinterestedC解析：根據(jù)“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流時(shí)溝通不順暢是令人尷尬的。8A.noticed Bposted Crealized DbelievedA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。9A.fire Bgas CTV DradioD解析：根據(jù)下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，這是一則電臺的招募廣告。10A.terrified BpleasedCsatisfied DamazedA解析：根據(jù)“I had absolutely no background in radio”并結(jié)合下文的“I didnt really want the job.”可推知，作者因自己沒有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼應(yīng)。11A.child BsingerCinterviewer DapplicantC解析：作者害怕與成千上萬的聽眾交流，只想證明自己能夠和面試官交談。12A.ago Blater Cbefore DsinceB解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過去了兩周。13A.wellpaid BpuzzlingCcomfortable DchallengingD解析：根據(jù)上文可知，這項(xiàng)工作需要與成千上萬的聽眾交流，這對作者來說有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼應(yīng)。14A.listeners BfollowersCviewers DdancersA解析：與上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners_me”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示作者給聽眾播放音樂。15A.referring BrespondingCoffering DcomparingB解析：與語境“answering their calls”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者回應(yīng)聽眾的要求。16A.feel Bmove Chear DseeD解析：根據(jù)上文可知，作者應(yīng)聘的是電臺工作，和聽眾們基本上是不見面的。17A.busy BwarmCquiet DsmartC解析：根據(jù)“still”的提示并結(jié)合上文的“I was a shy kid.”可推知，作者盡管現(xiàn)在花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和人們交流，但是本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)不多說話的人，與下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼應(yīng)。18A.look into Brelate toCcombine with Dworry withB解析：結(jié)合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能夠理解那些和他相同的人。relate to “理解，認(rèn)同”。19A.alone BaliveCactive DawakeA解析：根據(jù)上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍舊喜歡獨(dú)處。20A.plan BmistakeCchange DdreamC解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，作者通過做電臺工作有了重大改變，從而人生有了更多的可能性。 閱讀理解AVenus, the Wildest Adventure in 3016!A trip to the moon, to Mars? You are out. Venus(金星) is your choice! Our spaceship carries you there at the speed of light!Amazing Venus FactsTemperature range: Always about 450 degrees Celsius. Great for barbecues!Seasons: No seasons. Always visit during best season!Gravity strength: 0.91 of Earths gravity. Makes you lighter and more alive than ever!Water: None. All boiled away.Day length: 1 day243 Earth days. Longest days in solar system, so fun never ends!Rate of turning: 0.002 km/second. Turns in opposite direction of the earth, so able to see sun rise in the west and set in the east.Year length: 1 year224.7 Earth days or 0.62 of an Earth year.Rate of revolution: 35.03 km/second.Atmosphere：Very thick.96% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, and 0.1% water vapor.Cant support life: Suffocating carbon dioxide, thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and gases create greenhouse effect so very hot and no water.*Your Accommodations*You will travel on a high­tech rocket ship that will transport you from Earth to Venus in a mere 2.4 minutes by traveling at the speed of light. This trip will cost only $750，000.Our two hotels are very luxurious and are super strong, allowing you to lie on the ground without being crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere. They are called Venus Heaven and Rocket Palace, and the cost to stay is only $200 per night. Youll get your moneys worth at these two hotels, receiving free meals every day.To book a trip, call 1­800.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了3016年組織的一次到金星的冒險(xiǎn)旅行并介紹了金星的一些情況。1What would you see if you faced east on Venus?AThe rising sun.BThe circling earth.CThe setting sun.DThe full moon.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Amazing Venus Facts部分第六段第二句可知，在金星上面向東方可以看到日落。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。2During the trip to Venus, you would pay nothing for _AserviceBfoodCthe spaceship Dthe hotelB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Your Accommodations部分第二段最后一句可知，在去金星旅行期間，你的食物不需要付費(fèi)。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。3Which section of a magazine is the text from?AFashion circle. BNews report.CModern art. DFuture world.D解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)文章的題目Venus，the Wildest Adventure in 3016！可知，這次旅行發(fā)生在約一千年之后，由此可推知，這是未來的事情。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。BIn a science fiction future, well arrive at the hotel in our driverless taxi，check in at the reception desk staffed by androids, and then follow the robot porter(行李員) as it carries our bags to our room.However, this is already a science fact.Robots are already working in some hotelsthe Henn­na Hotel in Sasebo，Japan is manned entirely by machines.In a Marriott hotel in Ghent, Belgium, a humanoid robot named Mario has been working since June 2015. He welcomes guests in 19 languages.Another robot has just taken up a concierge(接待員) position at a Hilton McLean hotel in Virginia.So the rise of the hotel machines seems unstoppable, but will guests really want to stay in robot­run hotels? And will it come at the cost of human interaction and human jobs?US.online booking company Travelzoo gathered some statistics. Of the 6，000 travelers surveyed globally, nearly two thirds said theyd be comfortable with the idea of being looked after by machines.Richard Singer, Travelzoos European president, says he welcomes the day when apps and machines will get us from lobbies(大堂) to rooms.But how to stop a robot stealing your job?“A lot of jobs considered non­automatable in the past are now automatable，” said Carl Benedikt Frey from University of Oxford, an expert on technology and employment.But Frey says its still too early to say what effect robots will have on employment levels.In other words, even though robots may soon be checking us in, thats no excuse for us to be out.【解題導(dǎo)語】在賓館服務(wù)的機(jī)器人以往只出現(xiàn)在科幻小說中，而如今這種機(jī)器人已經(jīng)存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。這種機(jī)器人的服務(wù)被大部分顧客所接受。4Three hotels are mentioned in the text to show that _Arobots are already working in hotels in realityBmany common jobs can be done by robotsCrobots can really help people check into hotelsDthere are now some restaurants run by robotsA解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段的“Robots are already working in some hotels”并結(jié)合文中介紹的三個(gè)由機(jī)器人提供服務(wù)的賓館可以判斷，文中提及這三個(gè)賓館是為了說明在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，機(jī)器人已經(jīng)在賓館工作了，故A項(xiàng)正確。5The company Travelzoo found out that _Arobots will put hotel employees out of workBrobots still have a long way to go to replace humansCthe hotel robots are mostly well­receivedDsome hotel jobs can be automatableC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段的“nearly two thirds said theyd be comfortable with the idea of being looked after by machines”可知，有近三分之二的客戶認(rèn)為由機(jī)器人照顧他們是自在的；據(jù)此可知，Travelzoo公司的調(diào)查結(jié)果是賓館機(jī)器人得到了大部分顧客的好評，故C項(xiàng)正確。6What is Richard Singers attitude towards using robots in hotels?ADoubtful. BPositive.CNegative. DCautious.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段的“Richard Singer.says he welcomes the day when apps and machines will get us from lobbies(大堂) to rooms.”可知，Richard Singer歡迎機(jī)器人取代人的工作；據(jù)此可以判斷，Richard Singer對賓館機(jī)器人持積極的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。7Which of the following can be the best title of the text?AJapan Opens Worlds First Robot HotelBOur Next Hotel Will Be Staffed by RobotsCHow to Compete with Robots for a JobDHow Guests React to Robot ServiceB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文首段通過介紹科幻小說中提及的在賓館服務(wù)的機(jī)器人來引出本文的話題；接著介紹在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中已經(jīng)有三個(gè)賓館使用了機(jī)器人；最后介紹對賓館機(jī)器人服務(wù)的評價(jià)及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)；據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。 13