2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用練（五）

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用練(五)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。2019·蘭州實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬 Bob Charland used to work as a nightclub security guard. He was beaten so severely in the _1_ twice by people he'd kicked out of the bar, most recently in 2015, and it _2_ his brain. In 2017, he learned he had a cyst (囊腫) in the back of his brain. He had memory loss and severe headaches. “My doctor said my brain looked as though it _3_ to a 70­year­old man，” said Charland. The doctor said there was no way to _4_ the disease. _5_ it would take his life. He thought about contacting Death with Dignity. He didn't want to be a _6_ to anybody. But then, he received a call from an advisor at an underprivileged (貧困的) school, wondering if he had some extra bikes he could _7_. He, in fact, did have some extra bikes. “That _8_ my thought，” said Charland. Some people with a _9_ disease set out to _10_ and see the world. Charland decided to devote whatever time he had _11_ to giving bikes to underprivileged children. Since the spring of 2017, Charland has spent more than $10, 000 of his own money _12_ about 1,000 bikes for _13_. He works with police officers to help deliver the bikes and _14_ to local schools, adjust seats and handlebars and give children bicycle safety lessons. Many of the children he brings bikes to live in high­crime neighborhoods, and their only previous experiences with police have been _15_. He often takes extra time to connect with them and is now known in some neighborhoods as “Bob the Bike Guy” “To spend time with these kids and see their smiles is an amazing feeling，” said Charland. “Sometimes, for the first time in a long time, they see that somebody _16_.” He devotes every Tuesday night to turning shabby old bikes into functioning, pretty ones. Charland said he thinks he chose bikes as a way to help kids because the years he'd spent riding a bicycle as a boy in his hometown of Alplaus, NY, were among the _17_ of his life. He was raised by his stepfather who worked many extra hours in construction to _18_ that bike. Charland said, “Every kid should have one.” “My brain will continue to get _19_ and at some point, I will die，” he said, “but I'm not there yet. Why not _20_ doing what I love？”體裁：記敘文題材：愛(ài)心故事主題：重疾患者給貧窮地區(qū)的孩子送去自行車(chē)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，Bob Charland頭部受到擊打，患上腦瘤，時(shí)常頭疼。他沒(méi)有像很多重疾患者去旅游看世界那樣去做，而是決定用其余生為貧困地區(qū)的孩子送去自行車(chē)?！靖哳l詞回顧】neighborhood n. 街區(qū)shabby adj. 破舊的，破爛的1A.arm Bback Chead Dleg答案與解析：C考查名詞。根據(jù)該句中的“his brain”并結(jié)合該句中的“He was beaten so severely in the _1_”可推知，他的頭部受到了嚴(yán)重的擊打，C項(xiàng)意為“頭部”，故C項(xiàng)正確。2A.damaged Bcreated Cimproved Dprotected答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文可知，他的頭部受到了嚴(yán)重的擊打，結(jié)合該句中的“his brain”可推知，這損害了他的腦部，A項(xiàng)意為“損害”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3A.applied Bbelonged Cattended Dturned答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文“He had memory loss and severe headaches”可知，他記憶力喪失，頭疼嚴(yán)重。結(jié)合該句中的“to a 70­year­old man”可推知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為他的大腦如同70歲老人的。belong to為固定搭配，意為“屬于”，故B項(xiàng)正確。4A.face Bfind Ctolerate Dcure答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法治愈他的疾病，D項(xiàng)意為“治愈”，故D項(xiàng)正確。5A.Eventually BFortunately CInitially DImmediately答案與解析：A考查副詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他的腦部受傷嚴(yán)重，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為這最終將要了他的命。A項(xiàng)意為“最后，終于”，故A項(xiàng)正確。6A.follower Bburden Cfighter Dwinner答案與解析：B考查名詞。根據(jù)上文“He thought about contacting Death with Dignity”可知，他想到了尊嚴(yán)死去；結(jié)合該句“He didn't want to be a _6_ to anybody”可知，他不想成為別人的負(fù)擔(dān)。B項(xiàng)意為“負(fù)擔(dān)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。7A.buy Bsell Cpolish Ddonate答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)該句中的“wondering if he had some extra bikes”可知，貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校問(wèn)他是否有可以捐贈(zèng)的多余的自行車(chē)。D項(xiàng)意為“捐贈(zèng)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。8A.changed Bunderstood Cbuilt Dlost答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可推知，這改變了他的想法。A項(xiàng)意為“改變”，故A項(xiàng)正確。9A.common Bdifferent Cdeadly Drare答案與解析：C考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合該句中的“Some people with a _9_ disease”可推知，該處指那些患有致命疾病的人開(kāi)始旅游去看世界。C項(xiàng)意為“致命的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。10A.drink Btravel Clive Dwork答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。參見(jiàn)上題解析，故選B項(xiàng)。11A.killed Bsaved Cleft Dwasted答案與解析：C考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)該句“Charland decided to devote whatever time he had _11_ to giving bikes to underprivileged children”可知，Charland決定將他的余生奉獻(xiàn)給向貧困地區(qū)的孩子們送去自行車(chē)這件事上，故選C項(xiàng)。12A.making Brepairing Ccleaning Drenting答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和下文中的“He devotes every Tuesday night to turning shabby old bikes into functioning, pretty ones”可推知，該處是說(shuō)，自2017年以來(lái)，他花了自己的一萬(wàn)美元為孩子們修理了大約一千輛自行車(chē)。B項(xiàng)意為“修理”，故B項(xiàng)正確。13A.kids Badults Cparents Dteachers答案與解析：A參見(jiàn)上題解析，故選A項(xiàng)。14A.money Bfood Chelmets Dwater答案與解析：C考查名詞。結(jié)合該句中的“help deliver the bikes and _14_ to local schools”可推知，他和警察一起給當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校送自行車(chē)和頭盔。C項(xiàng)意為“頭盔”，故選C項(xiàng)。15A.exciting Bsatisfying Cpositive Dnegative答案與解析：D考查形容詞。根據(jù)該句中的“Many of the children he brings bikes to live in high­crime neighborhoods”可知，許多他送自行車(chē)的孩子生活在犯罪高發(fā)地區(qū)。據(jù)此可推知，這些孩子們先前與警察打交道的經(jīng)歷常常是負(fù)面的，故選D項(xiàng)。16A.cares Bcontrols Cknows Dteaches答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上段可知，這些孩子生活在犯罪率較高的貧困地區(qū)，Charland給他們送去自行車(chē)，并給他們講自行車(chē)安全知識(shí)的課；結(jié)合該句中的“Sometimes, for the first time in a long time, they see that somebody _16_”可推知，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，這是他們第一次感受到有人在關(guān)心他們。A項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)心”，故選A項(xiàng)。17A.busiest Bdarkest Csaddest Dhappiest答案與解析：D考查形容詞。根據(jù)該句中的“he'd spent riding a bicycle as a boy in his hometown of Alplaus, NY, were among the _17_ of his life”可推知，他說(shuō)之所以選擇自行車(chē)作為幫助孩子們的一種方式，是因?yàn)樗r(shí)候在家鄉(xiāng)騎自行車(chē)的那些年是他一生中最快樂(lè)的時(shí)光之一，故選D項(xiàng)。18A.ride Bafford Cborrow Dreturn答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)該句中的“worked many extra hours in construction to _18_ that bike”可知，他的繼父為了買(mǎi)得起那輛自行車(chē)，在工地上加班加點(diǎn)工作。B項(xiàng)意為“買(mǎi)得起”，故選B項(xiàng)。19A.faster Bslower Cworse Dbetter答案與解析：C考查形容詞。根據(jù)該句中的“My brain will continue to get _19_ and at some point, I will die”可知，他的病情越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了。C項(xiàng)意為“更糟”，故選C項(xiàng)。20A.avoid Bforget Cimagine Dcontinue答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文“but I'm not there yet”并結(jié)合該句可推知，此處表示為什么不繼續(xù)做我喜歡做的事情呢？D項(xiàng)意為“繼續(xù)”，故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。2019·青島質(zhì)量檢測(cè) There are many reasons 21._ college and university students often fail 22._ (get) a full night's of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total 23._ (free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, late­night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends these are all things that cut into college students' sleep habits. A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 24._ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class 25._ (center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 26._ (cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or 27._ (control) one's emotions, and increased risk of many diseases. The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours' sleep a night to stay 28._ (health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 29._ (well)in two different classes, 30._ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.體裁：說(shuō)明文題材：學(xué)校生活主題：大學(xué)生睡眠問(wèn)題【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了大學(xué)生睡眠不足的問(wèn)題，以及貝勒大學(xué)的助手教授的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。21答案與解析：why考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：大學(xué)生經(jīng)常睡不了整夜的覺(jué)有許多原因。本空考查定語(yǔ)從句，后面的從句成分完整且前面的先行詞是reasons，故填why。22答案與解析：to get考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示大學(xué)生睡不了整夜的覺(jué)。fail to do sth.固定短語(yǔ)“未能做某事”，故填to get。23答案與解析：freedom考查名詞。句意：他們可能不習(xí)慣完全自由地去計(jì)劃自己的白天與晚上。形容詞后應(yīng)用名詞，作having的賓語(yǔ)，故填freedom。24答案與解析：the考查冠詞。句意：幾年前，邁克爾·斯卡林開(kāi)始教在德克薩斯州韋科市貝勒大學(xué)讀心理學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生睡眠科學(xué)。teach為及物動(dòng)詞，后可直接接賓語(yǔ)，空后是名詞，此處應(yīng)填冠詞，具體科學(xué)前常用定冠詞，故填the。25答案與解析：centered考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：該班級(jí)以研究人體為什么要睡覺(jué)和由于睡眠不足引起的身體與精神方面的健康問(wèn)題為中心。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A few years ago可知，研究發(fā)生在幾年前，故此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填centered。26答案與解析：caused考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。problems與cause之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用cause的過(guò)去分詞作problems的后置定語(yǔ)，故填caused。27答案與解析：controlling考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些(身心問(wèn)題)包括專(zhuān)心學(xué)習(xí)和控制情緒方面的困難以及增加的(患上)許多疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.固定句式“做某事有困難”，且設(shè)空處與前面的focusing并列，形式應(yīng)保持一致，故填controlling。28答案與解析：healthy考查形容詞。此處表示成年人每晚需要至少七小時(shí)的睡眠來(lái)保持健康。stay healthy為固定搭配，意為“保持健康”。故填healthy。29答案與解析：better考查副詞。句意：斯卡林在兩個(gè)不同的班級(jí)里發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠較多的同學(xué)表現(xiàn)較好，并且他于去年十一月把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表在了兩本學(xué)術(shù)刊物上。根據(jù)空前的more可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，故填better。30答案與解析：and考查連詞。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。由句意可知，兩個(gè)分句之間是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用并列連詞，故填and。- 6 -