（浙京津魯瓊專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 閱讀理解 第四節(jié) 主旨大意題 一 標(biāo)題歸納題學(xué)案 新人教版

一、標(biāo)題歸納題(2018·11月浙江，C)Istarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions：toattackonebigbookfromthepast，aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental：MobyDickonathree­daycross­countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors，notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms，andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.AttemptingTheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii，mynativestate，however，waslessfruitful: Imadeitthroughoneandaquartervolumes (冊)，thendecidedthatIdgotthepointandwentswimminginstead.ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.ImnotquiteinterestedinBalzac，say，orTristramShandy.TheresalwaysWarandPeace，whichIvecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes，onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part，setitasideforawhile，andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain，havingforgotteneveryonesnameandsocialrank.HowappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavoriteoncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.AndthentheresStendhalsTheRedandtheBlack，whichhappenstobethenameofmyfavoritecocktail(雞尾酒) ofthesummer，createdbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackForty.Itiseasytodrink，andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulidea.Cecconistheory: “Itakewhateversfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark，makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatonce，lyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut，sunbeatingthroughthelids.27Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?AHehasacottageinNewEngland.BHeshowstalentsforliterature.CHeenjoysreadingwhentraveling.DHeadmiresalotofgreatwriters.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“MobyDickonathree­daycross­countrytraintrip；TheMagicMountaininaNewEnglandbeachsidecottage.TheManWithoutQualitiesonareturntoHawaii”等內(nèi)容可知，作者在旅行中喜歡閱讀。故選C。28Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inParagraph2mean?AGetconfused.BBecarriedaway.CBeinterrupted.DMakenoprogress.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中的“Ivecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes”和“setitasideforawhile”及讀后的結(jié)果“havingforgotteneveryonesnameandsocialrank”可知，作者在讀“戰(zhàn)爭”部分時幾次合上書，把書放一邊。句中畫線的“getboggeddown”指的是“陷入困境，停滯不前，沒有進展”。與makenoprogress同義。故選D。29Whydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslikecheating?AHefinishesthemquickly.BHeshouldreadsomethingserious.CHebarelyunderstandsthem.DHehasreadthemmanytimesbefore.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“HowappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavoriteoncemoreintoTheWavesorJustine，whichfeelsalmostlikecheating，tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliterature.”可知，作者再次讀到自己最喜歡的書時，感到非常刺激和興奮。同時感覺自己興奮的心情與嚴(yán)肅的作品不適合，所以這時候會有欺騙的感覺，認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該讀一些嚴(yán)肅的東西。故選B。30Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ATheBooksofSummerBMySummerHolidaysCToReadorNottoReadDItsNeverTooLatetoRead答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段開頭作者就談到了每年暑假旅行時喜歡讀名著。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”談到今年夏天讀書的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(雞尾酒) ofthesummer”把讀書和雞尾酒聯(lián)系起來，談自己讀書的感受。所以全文都和夏天讀書有關(guān)，TheBooksofSummer適合作為標(biāo)題，故選A。一、題型解讀記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text? (3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis“”一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點：概括準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；針對性標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。二、解題技巧1“高度概括”定標(biāo)題(1)所選文章標(biāo)題須能概括全文的中心內(nèi)容。標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。為吸引讀者的注意，標(biāo)題往往比較醒目。(2)一般文章的標(biāo)題可根據(jù)主題句來判斷，但在某些文章中，如記敘文，沒有明確的主題句，需要根據(jù)文中的事實細節(jié)，查找文章的“主線”，歸納出文章的主題。2文章標(biāo)題三特點(1)形式一般為單詞、短語或句子，短語居多；(2)短小精悍，精確性強；(3)涵蓋性強，能覆蓋全文大意。例如：【真題感悟】中第30題。文章第一段開頭作者就談到了每年暑假旅行時喜歡讀名著。第二段中的“ButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.”談到今年夏天讀書的困惑，第三段的“myfavoritecocktail(雞尾酒) ofthesummer”把讀書和雞尾酒聯(lián)系起來，談自己讀書的感受。所以全文都和夏天讀書有關(guān)，TheBooksofSummer適合作為標(biāo)題，故選A。A(2019·湖南長沙雅禮中學(xué)一模)Laughterispartofthe1universalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunderstandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili，wedonthavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughter.5Contrarytofolkwisdom，mostlaughterisnotabouthumor；itisaboutrelationships.12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.Overa10­yearperiod，westudiedover2,000casesofnaturally10occurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessarilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements，suchas，“HerecomesMary.”“Howdidyoudoonthetest？”or“Doyouhavearubberband？”Thesecertainlyarentjokes.Webelievelaughter6evolvedfromthepanting(喘氣的) behaviorofourancientancestors.Today，ifwetickle (使發(fā)癢) chimps，theydontlaugh.But，instead，theyproduceapantingsound.Thatsthesoundofapelaughter，anditstherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter，likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsduringplay，buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats，forexample，producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled，buttheseareverydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive，butitcanbenegativetoo.Theresadifferencebetween“l(fā)aughingwith”and“l(fā)aughingat”Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycountedhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh，butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknow2underwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechanismsbehindlaughter，howithasevolved，andwhyweresosusceptibletotickling.語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。笑容是全世界通用的語言，是世上最溫暖的語言。本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個話題。1Whatwasthepurposeofthedecadesresearch?AToprovethatpeoplelaughbecauseofhumor.BTofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.CToresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.DTorecordconversationsamongshoppersinmalls.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“thedecadesresearch”可定位至文章第二段最后兩句，由該段倒數(shù)第二句“Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh.”可知，這十年的研究是為了弄清楚人類什么時候以及為什么會笑。故B項正確。2Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?APeoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.BApesproducehighsoundswhentickled.CScientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.DThesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydifferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren，probablybecausetheyplayless.”可知，玩得越多的人笑得越多。故A項正確。3Whatdoestheunderlinedword“susceptible”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?ASensitive.BFlexible.CAddictive.DReliable.答案A解析詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系上下文可知susceptible(易受影響的，敏感的)與sensitive的意思最為接近。故選A。4Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?ATheImpactofLaughterBTheMeaningofLaughterCABigMystery：WhyDoWeLaugh?DLaughter：TheMostBeautifulWord答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。笑容是全世界通用的語言，是世上最溫暖的語言，本文探討了“人類為什么笑”這個話題。故C項為最佳標(biāo)題。B(2019·河北五個一名校聯(lián)盟)Mostpeoplewhoownmobilephonesusethemastheiralarmclocksmakingitveryeasytocheckemailsonelasttimebeforefallingasleepandhardtoeverfeelawayfromworkandsocialnetworks.Severalyearsago，mybossfainteddueto7exhaustionafterstayinguplatetocatchuponwork.Shebangedherheadandendedupwithfivestitches(縫針)andbecamewhatshecallsa“sleepevangelist(傳教士)”Nowsheleaveshermobilephone11charginginanotherroomwhenshegoestobedandencouragesherfriendstodothesame.“IsentallmyfriendsthesameChristmasgiftalovelyalarmclocksotheycouldstopusingtheexcusethattheyneededtheirveryattractivemobilephonesbytheirbedstowakethemupinthemorning，”shesaid.Ifyourmobilephonewakesyouupinthemorning，itmayalsobekeepingyouupatnight.A2008studyshowedthatpeopleexposedtomobileradiationtooklongertofallasleepandspentlesstimeindeepsleep.“13Thestudy8indicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdaily3wearandtearare9severelyaffected，”thestudyconcluded.Aquarterofyoungpeoplefeelliketheymustbeavailablebymobilephone4aroundtheclock，accordingtoaSwedishstudythatlinkedheavycellphoneusetosleepingproblems，stressanddepression.Unreturnedmessagescarrymoreguiltwhenthetechnologytodealwiththemliesatourfingertips.Someteensevenreturntextmessagesatmidnight.Mostofuschoosenottosetlimitsonournighttimeavailability.Nearlythreequartersofpeoplefromtheageof18to44sleepwiththeirmobilephoneswithinreach，accordingtoa2012Timepoll.Thatnumberfallsoffslightlyinmiddleage，butonlypeopleaged65andolderareleavingthemobilephoneinanotherroomascommonassleepingrightnexttoit.語篇解讀本文屬于科普類說明文，講述現(xiàn)在越來越多的人在睡覺的時候把手機放在旁邊，這會嚴(yán)重影響人們的睡眠質(zhì)量，有些人已經(jīng)選擇把手機放在其他地方來保證自己的睡眠質(zhì)量。5Whydidtheauthorsbossstarttoenjoysleeping?AHerfriendsencouragedhertosleepontime.BMobilephonescouldntwakeherupontime.CHerfriendssentheralovelyclocktowakeherup.DShegothurtduetoworkingtoolate.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，作者的老板由于熬夜趕工而筋疲力盡暈倒在地，并且頭部縫了五針，最終她成為“睡眠傳教士”，鼓勵大家多睡覺。因此作者的老板開始享受睡眠是因為受到了傷害，故選D。6WhydidtheauthorsbossgiveherfriendsalarmclocksasChristmasgifts?AAlarmclocksdontgiveoffanyradiation.BAlarmclocksarebetteratwakingherfriendsup.CSheadvisedthemtoreplacemobilephoneswithalarmclocks.DSheusedalarmclockstoremindthemnottoworktoolate.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，作者的老板送給朋友鬧鐘是為了不再讓他們用把手機當(dāng)鬧鐘的借口而影響睡眠，讓他們用鬧鐘來替代手機，故選C。7Whatcanwelearnfromthe2008study?AMobileradiationmakespeopleunabletofallasleep.BMobilephonescanrelease884MHzwiredsignals.CSleepcanhelppeoplefightagainstradiation.DComponentsofsleepcanbeseriouslyaffectedbywirelesssignals.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.”可知，2008年的一份研究表明，在實驗中暴露于884兆赫的無線信號中，修復(fù)白天身體損耗很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。由此可知，無線電信號會嚴(yán)重影響睡眠質(zhì)量，故選D。8Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?AHowMobilePhonesAffectSleepBWhyAlarmClocksAreBetterthanPhonesCHowWeCanSleepBetteratNightDHowMobilePhonesAffectHealth答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文闡述越來越多的人在睡覺的時候把手機放在旁邊，這會嚴(yán)重影響其睡眠質(zhì)量，闡述了手機與睡眠的關(guān)系，故選A。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測畫線部分的意思1Thereisauniversalloveforbasketballinthecountryamongallwalksoflife.普遍的，全體的2PreparationsforthearrivaloftheseniorrepresentativefromtheUNarealreadyunderway.在進行中的3Theseproductscanstandwearandtear，whichwilldefinitelybeattractiveinthemarket.磨損4Somestoresstayopenaroundtheclock，whileothersdobusinessforonlyafewhoursaday.夜以繼日地，晝夜不停地(二)同義詞語替換5Contrarytothebeliefthatrockmusicisalwaysangryandnoisy，histrademark(標(biāo)志性的) styleisquietbutpowerful.opposedto6Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti­milliondollarorganization.developed7Therearemanysymptomsofdepression.Theyincludelackofsleep，strongfeelingofexhaustion，anddifficultyconcentratingthroughouttheday.tiredness8Researchindicatesthatover81%ofteachersaredissatisfiedwiththeirsalaries.shows9Theschoolbuildingswereseverelydamagedintheearthquakeandstudentshadtostudyatalocalcompany，whichchangeditsworkshopintoatemporaryclassroom.seriously(三)一詞多義10occurv發(fā)生；被想起(1)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina.發(fā)生(2)Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.被想起11chargev&n主管，負(fù)責(zé)n費用v收費；控告；充電；進攻(1)Whenlionsarehidingforanattackbyawaterhole，theywaitpatientlyandcanchargeatanysecond.v.進攻(2)CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease? n主管，負(fù)責(zé)(3)Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission？v.收費(4)Sheischargedwithmurderingherhusband.v控告(5)Themonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29，whichisquitereasonable.n.費用(6)Itbecamearoutineforustochargeourphonefrequentlyeveninaday.v.充電.長難句理解12Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh，Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughed.句式分析本句為主從復(fù)合句。句首的Tofindout是目的狀語，句子的主語是I，謂語動詞went和recorded由and連接。what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。精美譯文為了弄清楚人們發(fā)笑的時間和原因，我和幾個助手去了當(dāng)?shù)氐馁徫镏行?，記錄了人們發(fā)笑之前的事情。13Thestudyindicatesthatduringlaboratoryexposureto884MHzwirelesssignals，componentsofsleepbelievedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtearareseverelyaffected.句式分析本句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。從句是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是componentsofsleep，areseverelyaffected是被動結(jié)構(gòu)；believedtobeimportantforrecoveryfromdailywearandtear是過去分詞作定語，這本身是一個句型：sb./sth.be said/believed/reported to do，表示“據(jù)說/據(jù)認(rèn)為/據(jù)報道”。精美譯文該研究表明，在實驗室里暴露于884兆赫無線信號時，被認(rèn)為對日常(身體)損耗的恢復(fù)很重要的睡眠因子受到嚴(yán)重影響。強化練(十八).閱讀理解A“Mirrormirroronthewall，whosthefairestofthemall？”Anoldtaletellsaseeminglyunbelievablestoryofamagicmirror，butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable.InAugust2018，newswentviral(廣為傳播的) thatthepolicehadcaughtcriminalsuspectswhoattendedChinesesingerJackyCheungsconcerts.Howdidthepolicepickoutthesuspectsamongthousandsofscreamingfans？ThehelpinghandisAIfacialrecognitiontechnology.Thelow­keyyetpowerfultoolisnolongerfar­fetched，butenteringtheworldofChinastopinvestorsandcompanies.Facialrecognitionisatechnologyabletoidentifyapersonfromadigitalimageoraframefromavideosource.TangWenbin，CTOofFace，anAIcomputervision(視覺) technologycompanyinChina，vividlyexplainedtheworkflow.Accordingtohim，facialrecognitionistheidentificationofourappearance，includingknowingthesex，ageandidentityofaperson.Youmaythinkitislikeabrainoraneuralnetwork.Youusedatatotrainit，andthen，itlearnsthepattern.Facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeentraditionallyalliedwiththesecuritywork，buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilephones，marketingandfinance.Chinesestart­upshaveseenthepotentialofAIfacialrecognitionforsimplifyingandspeedinguptasksinmultipleindustries.Andthemarketisnowcrowdedandcompetitive.ChinaisstartingtheAIrevolutionandhasmadebreakthroughsinfacialrecognition.“IfapplyingAItodifferentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks，”saidTianFeng，directorofAlibabaCloudResearchCenter.Healsothinksthatinthefuture，everybodywillbeabletouseAIasitwillsoonbecomeabasictoolforworkandlife.1WhyisthenewsmentionedinParagraph2?ATointroduceanewtoolforcompanies.BToshowthemagichasbecomeareality.CToproveoldtalesarebasedontruestories.DTodescribethebackgroundoffacialrecognition.答案B解析推理判斷題。第一段引入童話故事里的魔鏡，第一段結(jié)尾提到“butnowthemagicisnolongerunachievable”，緊接著第二段就以實例證明魔鏡確實不再是難以實現(xiàn)的幻想了，因此第二段提到了新聞是為了說明現(xiàn)代技術(shù)把童話故事里的“魔鏡”變成了現(xiàn)實。2Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“alliedwith”underlinedinParagraph4?ADependenton.BComparedwith.CDifferentfrom.DRelatedto.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分所在句中的“traditionally.securitywork”和后面的轉(zhuǎn)折“buttodaythereisactiveexpansionintootherindustriesincludingmobilephones，marketingandfinance”可知，面部識別一直都與安全方面的工作有關(guān)，但是如今這一技術(shù)擴展到了其他行業(yè)。故畫線部分應(yīng)表示“與有關(guān)聯(lián)”，故選D。3WhatdoTianFengswordsimply?AManycompaniesinChinaareresearchingAI.BAIplaysakeyroleincompaniesdevelopment.CAItechnologyappliednowisfarfrommature.DAItechnologywillbeusedinmarathonsoneday.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)TianFeng的話“IfapplyingAItodifferentindustriesisamarathon，thecompaniesthereprobablyhavejustgotofftheblocks”可知，如果把將人工智能技術(shù)應(yīng)用到不同行業(yè)中比作一場馬拉松，那么這些公司可能處于剛起跑的階段，即人工智能技術(shù)現(xiàn)階段的發(fā)展還遠遠不夠成熟。4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ATheEyeofAIinChinaBEffectsofAITechnologyCBreakthroughsofChineseTechnologyDFacialRecognitioninSecurity答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講了人工智能技術(shù)中的面部識別技術(shù)在中國的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。故A項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。B(2019·四川雙流中學(xué)一模)Iattendedapartyonenight.Duringthedinneramantoldahumorousstorybasedonthequotation：“Theresadivinitythatshapesourends，rough­hewthemhowwewill.”ThestorytellermentionedthatthequotationwasfromtheBible.Iknewhewaswrong.Therecouldntbetheslightestdoubtaboutit.Togetafeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemembertocorrecthim.Hestucktohisguns.“What? FromShakespeare? Impossible! Absurd! ThatquotationwasfromtheBible.”Andheknewit.Thestorytellerwassittingonmyright；andFrankGammond，anoldfriendofmine，wasseatedonmyleft.MrGammondhaddevotedyearstothestudyofShakespeare.SothestorytellerandIagreedtosubmitthequestiontoMrGammond.MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，“Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.”O(jiān)nourwayhomethatnight，IsaidtoMrGammond，“Frank，youknewthatquotationwasfromShakespeare.”“Yes，ofcourse，”hereplied，“Hamlet，ActFive，SceneTwo.Butwewereguestsatahappytime，mydearDale.Whyarguewiththestoryteller? Whyprovetohimheiswrong？Whynotlethimsavehisface？Alwaysavoidyoursharpangle.”IlearnedalessonIllneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.Ninetimesoutoften，anargumentendswitheachofthecontestantsmorefirmlyconvincedthaneverthatheisabsolutelyright.Youcantwinanargument.Youcantbecauseifyouloseit，youloseit；andifyouwinit，youloseit.語篇解讀本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章論述的是“你不可能贏得爭論”。十有八九，爭論結(jié)束時，每個參與者都比以往更堅定地相信自己是絕對正確的。5Whatdidtheauthordotogetafeelingofimportanceattheparty?ATellahumorousstory.BShowoffhisrichknowledge.CTeachthestorytelleralesson.DCorrectthestorytellersmistake.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Togetafeelingofimportanceanddisplaymysuperiority，Iappointedmyselfasanunwelcomecommitteemembertocorrecthim.”可知，作者在聚會上糾正講故事的人的錯誤來獲得一種重要感。故選D。6WhydidFrankGammondkicktheauthorunderthetable?ABecausehedidntknowmuchabouttheBible.BBecausehethoughttheauthorwasreallywrong.CBecausehewasthoughtfulandwantedtostoptheauthor.DBecausehewashumorousandplayedtricksontheauthor.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“MrGammondlistened，kickedmeunderthetable，andthensaid，Dale，youarewrong.Thegentlemanisright.ItisfromtheBible.”可知，F(xiàn)rankGammond在桌子底下踢作者是因為他想得周到，想阻止作者。故選C。7Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheeventthathappenedattheparty?AThankful.BRegretful.CSatisfied.DConfused.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后三句“IlearnedalessonIllneverforget.Inotonlyhadmadethestorytelleruncomfortable，butalsohadputmyfriendinanembarrassingsituation.HowmuchbetteritwouldhavebeenifIhadnotbecomeargumentative.”可知，作者對晚會上發(fā)生的事很后悔。故選B。8Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?AYouCantWinanArgumentBYouCantMakeMistakesinPublicCDoHaveanOpenMindDMindYourMannersataParty答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段“十有八九，爭論結(jié)束時，每個參與者都比以往更堅定地相信自己是絕對正確的。你不可能贏得爭論。你不能，因為如果你輸了，你就輸了；如果你贏了，你也輸了。”可知，本文最佳標(biāo)題是YouCantWinanArgument。故選A。.完形填空(2019·山東濟南質(zhì)檢)WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.Thismadeit9formetodealwiththeworldaroundme.AsIgrewup，thingsseemedmore10，whichmadelifemorechallenging.Now，middle­aged，Ifindmy11oftheworldisreturningtothesimple.WhenItrytoteachmydaughterimportant12aboutlife，Iwillbreakcomplicatedthings13intosmallpieces.Oneofthosebasicsis14，foryourself，andforothers.Iteachmydaughterto15.Tofailfeelsbad，16，butnottohavetriedfeelsworse，becauseyoucantrespectyourselfforit.Andasthesaying17，“Ifyoudontrespectyourself，nooneelsewill.”WhenIwassevenoreight，Iplayedatmycousinshousewithhistoys.Hisfamilywasbetteroffthanmine，andhehadmanymoretoys.Therewasone18thatIdalwayswanted，andI19itintomypocket.Butamomentlater，I20，evenatthatage，thatIwouldneverenjoyplayingwiththetoy.IwouldalwaysknowIhad21，andmyopinionofmyselfwould22.Whenhismotherdroppedmeofflaterthatday，Ishamefacedly23outthetoyandgaveitback.Sheknew，Imsure，whathadhappened，24shethankedmeandneverspokeofitagain.Ihopetohelpmydaughteravoidsimilar25.Shefirsthastogainself­respect26shecanstartrespectingothers.Ibelieveinrespect，because27itwereallenemies.Imnot28inthisregard，farfromit.ButItrymybest，andIrespectothersfortryingtheirbestinthischangingworld.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章作者通過自己成長過程中的親身經(jīng)歷，教育自己的女兒，在開始尊重其他人之前，首先要獲得自尊。9A.funnierBeasierCsaferDdeeper答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“WhenIwasyoung，myunderstandingoflifewassimple.”可知，這讓“我”更容易與周圍的世界打交道。funnier更滑稽的；easier更容易的；safer更安全的；deeper更深的。故選B。10A.importantBawkwardCfragileDcomplex答案D解析根據(jù)后面的“whichmadelifemorechallenging”可知，隨著“我”長大，事情似乎變得更加復(fù)雜。important重要的；awkward尷尬的；fragile易碎的；complex復(fù)雜的。故選D。11A.viewBexperienceCaimDexpectation答案A解析句意為：現(xiàn)在，中年了，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的世界觀正在回歸簡單。view觀點；experience經(jīng)歷；aim目的；expectation期待。故選A。12A.basicsBfactsCsubjectsDchoices答案A解析根據(jù)下文中的“Oneofthosebasicsis”可知，這里意思是“我”試著教“我”女兒重要的生活基礎(chǔ)知識。basic基礎(chǔ)知識；fact事實；subject科目；choice選擇。故選A。13A.awayBoffCdownDout答案C解析句意為：當(dāng)我試圖教我女兒重要的生活基礎(chǔ)知識時，我會把復(fù)雜的東西分解成小塊。breakdowninto分解成，為固定短語。故選C。14A.passionBloveCrespectDdesire答案C解析根據(jù)下文中的“becauseyoucantrespectyourselfforit”可知，這里意思是：其中一個基本要素就是尊重。passion激情；love愛；respect尊重；desire欲望。故選C。15A.forgiveBacceptCshareDtry答案D解析根據(jù)下文中的“butnottohavetriedfeelsworse”可知，這里意思是“我”教女兒去嘗試。forgive原諒；accept接受；share分享；try嘗試。故選D。16A.certainlyBeventuallyCpersonallyDwillingly答案A解析句意為：當(dāng)然，失敗讓人感覺很糟糕，但沒有嘗試讓人感覺更糟，因為你無法為此尊重自