中職英語(yǔ)詞匯

第一章 詞匯1 考試要點(diǎn)：名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞。基本概念英文縮寫(xiě)例詞例句名詞表示人、事物和抽象概念等名稱(chēng)的詞n.city（城市）, war(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))，family（家），Henry, London（倫敦）John is a student.代詞I, me,it, my（我的）, mine（我的某某某） Would you like to go shopping with me.數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量多少或先后順序的詞one, two, first, secondAbout 22% of British workers do work more than 48 hours a week.形容詞修飾或說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的詞adj.的good, successful（成功的）, careful（仔細(xì)的）The company has a good reputation.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞等的詞adv.地often, always,quicklyI often go to work on foot.動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞v.learn(學(xué)), get(得到), take（帶走）, feel（感覺(jué)到）jump(跳)I want to learn about computer programming.冠詞a, an, theThere is a house in the picture.介詞on, at, with, without(沒(méi)有), amongYou can find our homepage on the Internet.重點(diǎn)句型Ø I can speak a little Chinese. 我會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)兒漢語(yǔ)。 A little n.少量，少許，一點(diǎn)兒 adv. 少量地，稍許地 adj. 少量的，稍許的【例句】I have no water. Please give me a little. 我沒(méi)有水了。請(qǐng)給我一點(diǎn)兒?！咀⒁狻勘嫖鯽 little / little / a few / few A little可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，含有肯定的意思(若a little后可接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，little的含義是“小的，幼小的)；little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，含有否定的意思； a few可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，含有肯定的意思；few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，含有否定的意思。能給我點(diǎn)墨水嗎？Could you give me some ink?好的，瓶子里還剩下一點(diǎn)兒。Yes, there is _ left in the bottle.我是新來(lái)的。在這兒沒(méi)有什么朋友。I am new. I have _ friends here.只有少數(shù)學(xué)生星期六下午在教室學(xué)習(xí)。 Only _ students are studying in the classroom on Saturday afternoon.我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有時(shí)間看書(shū)。I have _ time for reading.多么小巧玲瓏的房子啊！What a pretty _ house it is!Ø Id like to join the Computer Club. 我想加入電腦俱樂(lè)部。句型：Id like to do sth. ,意思是“我想要做某事”；其中Id like to do sth. / Id like sb. to do sth. / Id like sth. / Would you like to do sth. / Would you like sth.為高考熱點(diǎn)句型。尤其以疑問(wèn)形式在交際用語(yǔ)中的考查。 ( )Would you like some sandwiches? _. Id rather have a piece of bread. (2013年對(duì)口高考) A. No, thanks B. No problem C. Thats OK D. Yes, please（ ）Welcome to McDonalds! What would you like today? _(2011年湖南對(duì)口高考)A. We'd like two hamburgers and two cokes.B. Anything else?C. We'd like to take it away. D. We enjoyed the food very much. 我想要喝一杯咖啡。Id like _ 你今晚愿意和我一起一起外出吃飯嗎？重點(diǎn)交際用語(yǔ)1. How are you (doing)? 你好嗎？Fine / Pretty good / Vey well. Thank you. And you? 很好。謝謝。你呢？2. How are things? 你好嗎？ Great! / Not bad! 棒極了！不錯(cuò)！3. How are you feeling today? 你今天覺(jué)得怎樣？4. How is it going? 近況如何？5. How is everything with you? 你一切如何？6. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？7. May I have your name? 能告訴我你的名字嗎？8. Your name, please? 請(qǐng)告訴我你的名字。9. How do you do? 你好！How do you do? 你好！10.Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet you. 很高興認(rèn)識(shí)你。Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet you，too. / Me, too.我也是。11.Where are you from? 你從哪兒來(lái)？I am from 我來(lái)自12. Long time no see. 好久不見(jiàn)。13. Can you say something about yourself? 能談?wù)勀愕囊恍┣闆r嗎？【仿真訓(xùn)練】（ ）1. I havent seen you for a long time. How is it going?_（2014年湖南對(duì)口高考）A. Nice to meet you. B. Not bad.C. Thats all right. D. Thanks a lot.( ) 2. Good morning, Mike! How is everything going?_(2011年湖南對(duì)口高考)A. Thank you very much. B. Great, How about you?C. My pleasure D. Nice to meet you.( ) 3. Hi, Tom. How is everything?_(2008年湖南對(duì)口高考)A. I dont care at all. B. Not good. Thanks.C. Not bad. How are you? D. Thank you for asking.難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)引Ø join v. 參加，加入 Id like to join the football club. 我想加入足球俱樂(lè)部?！咀⒁狻勘嫖鰆oin / join in / take part in / attendjoin參加，加入某一組織或團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員；join in后一般接小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)名詞，如“游戲，討論，散步等”；take part in一般指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)，并在其中發(fā)揮重要作用；attend一般指參加會(huì)議、婚禮、葬禮、典禮，去上學(xué)，去聽(tīng)報(bào)告，去禮拜等?！纠洹咳ツ?，湯姆加入了共青團(tuán)。Last year, Tom _the Yong League.今天我要去聽(tīng)報(bào)告。Today I will _the lecture.他將參加英語(yǔ)演講比賽。 He will _the English Speech Contest.Ø say / speak / tell / talksay v. 說(shuō)；講，（側(cè)重說(shuō)的內(nèi)容）；speak v. 講，（后一般接語(yǔ)言名詞作賓語(yǔ)）；tell v. 告訴，（后面一般帶雙賓語(yǔ)），tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事；或者tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事；talk v. 交談，談?wù)摚话阌梅閠alk about sth. with sb. 和某人談?wù)撃呈?。他說(shuō)他從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 He _ that he had never been to the Great Wall.據(jù)說(shuō)，那里遭受了一場(chǎng)大洪水的襲擊。 It is _ that there has been a big flood.我會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)日語(yǔ)。 I can _ a little Japanese.告訴我下一步該做什么。_ me what I should do next.讓我們認(rèn)真地談?wù)勀愕膶?lái)吧。Lets _ seriously about your future.實(shí)例分析1. _will the work be finished?In two weeks.A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far答案：C。 此題考查4個(gè)短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。how long表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，詢問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段。how often表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次，詢問(wèn)頻率。how soon 表示多久，常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。how far表示多遠(yuǎn)。2. The idea given by her sounds_.A. nicely B. well C.good D.wonderfully答案：C。此題考查形容詞與副詞的不同用法。sound是系動(dòng)詞表示“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，必須用形容詞修飾，nicely, well, wonderful 均為副詞，因此C 為正確答案。常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞有：be, get, 感官動(dòng)詞。大多數(shù)情況系動(dòng)詞后面要加形容詞。感官動(dòng)詞有這些：feel(摸起來(lái)) smell(聞起來(lái)) sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）taste(嘗起來(lái))。3. Nobody can_the difference between the two brothers. They are twins.A. speak B.talk C.say D.tell答案：D。此題考查speak, talk, say, tell的詞義區(qū)別。speak表示講話，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)言，例如speak English。talk表示“談話”, 例如talk with somebody, talk with something。say表示“說(shuō)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容，例如say nothing。tell表示“告訴，講述，分辨”例如tell somebody about something, tell you about the secret(秘密)。 此句題意：沒(méi)有人能分辨兩兄弟的不同之處。他們是雙胞胎。4. He decided to _ a club to close weight.A. join B.open C.visit D.take part in答案：A。此題考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。join表示“加入（組織等）”。open表示“打開(kāi)”。visit表示“參觀，訪問(wèn)”。take part in表示“參加（活動(dòng)等）”。5. Mr Brown is a very successful businessman. He has_ money.A. many B.few C.little D.lots of答案：D。此題考查表示“多、少”的詞匯的用法。many表示“許多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。few表示“幾個(gè)，一些”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。little表示“少”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，不符合本句句意。lots of 與a lot of 相同。表示“許多，大量”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。第一節(jié)課的詞匯（需聽(tīng)寫(xiě)）把中文翻譯成英文把英文翻譯成中文1. 城市city1. war戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)2. 家family2. London倫敦3. 去購(gòu)物Go shopping3. reputation名聲4. 成功的 successful4. without沒(méi)有5. 仔細(xì)的careful5. Internet英特網(wǎng)6. 公司company6. finish完成7. 學(xué)習(xí)learn7. idea想法8. 得到get 8. smell 聞起來(lái)9. 帶走take9. sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)10. 感覺(jué)到 feel10. taste嘗起來(lái)11. 電腦computer11. join加入（組織等）12. 參加，加入join 12. between在的中間13. 將來(lái)future13 businessman商人14. 決定decide14. club 俱樂(lè)部第一章 詞匯2 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練一、選擇正確答案。1. The book me twenty yuan.A. spent B.cost C.took D.paid2. What the weather like yesterday?A. do B.does C.is D.was答案及解析一1. The book cost me twenty yuan. 這本書(shū)花了我20元。spend, take, cost, pay的用法都可以表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法卻不盡相同。1. spend的用法人 + spend + time / money + on sth. 表示：在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（或金錢(qián)）例句：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。人 + spend + time / money + (in) doing sth. 表示：花費(fèi)時(shí)間（或金錢(qián)）做某事。例句：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。注意：spend的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)是spent.2. cost的用法物 + cost +（人）+ 金錢(qián) 表示：某物花了（某人）多少錢(qián)例句：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢(qián)。注意：cost的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)還是cost.3. take的用法It takes sb. +時(shí)間 + to do sth. 表示：做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例句：It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。4. pay的用法pay for sth. 付的錢(qián)例句：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書(shū)款。2. What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天的天氣怎么樣？7