（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習 非謂語動詞講義

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1、非謂語動詞 學員姓名： 年級：九年級 輔導(dǎo)科目：英 語 學科教師： 授課日期 授課時段 08：00-10:00 授課主題 非謂語動詞 教學內(nèi)容 課前回顧 1. 單詞默寫 2. 作業(yè)講解 知識梳理 知識點1：非謂語動詞 一、動詞不定式（重點） 1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動詞不定式的基本形式是“to + 動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以擔任除謂語外的任何成分——主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點，即它可以

2、有自己的賓語和狀語。 2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。 1）?作主語 ?? ? 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或? It is not easy to learn English well. ??? 【說明】動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型： ??? It is + adj.+ 動詞不定式 ??? 如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb. ??

3、 ? It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth. 辨析：It's for sb.和 It's of sb. A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： 　 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。 B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever

4、, foolish, right。 　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。 【說明】for 與of 的辨別方法： 　 用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.　(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。He is hard.　(人是困難的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此應(yīng)用for。) 2）作表語 ??? My wish is to become a teacher.

5、 補充：常見可用不定式做表語的名詞（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim） 3）作賓語 ??? Most of us like to watch football matches. 補充：當謂語動詞為think、find、believe等動詞時，常用it做形式賓語，不定式to do為該句的真正賓語。 常構(gòu)成以下句型（sb think/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth） 4）作賓語補足語 ??? He told me to be here on time. 5）作定語 ???

6、 I have nothing to say about that thing. 6）作狀語 ??? He stopped to have a look. 補充：對作狀語的不定式to do 提問，用疑問代詞why 【說明】動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成 ??? 例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him not to shut the window…　 　 典型例題 Tell him ___ the

7、window.　 　 A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut 　 D. not shut　 　 答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth. 4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。 例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.

8、 ? (不定式作賓語) ??????????? (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主語) ???????????? (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表語) 5、省to 的動詞不定式 1）使役動詞 let, have, make： 2）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補，省略to。 注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省

9、掉。 　 A. I saw him dance. 　=He was seen to dance. 　 B. The boss made them work the whole night. 　=They were made to work the whole night. 3）would rather，had better + do 【難點】 6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）too…to…：太…而不能… He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 … The child

10、 is old enough to go to schooll. 3）so as (not) to do/in order(not) to: 表示目的 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 7、不定式的難點： 用作介詞的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 習慣等等。 二、動詞的-ing形式： ? 1．動詞的-ing形式用作動名詞： 動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用

11、，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。 1)動名詞作主語 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運動 2）動名詞作表語 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。 3）?動名詞作賓語 Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。 She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。 【說明】 有些動詞和動詞短語后只能接動名詞作賓語。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up,

12、mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。 【記憶口訣】“Le pm KFC AD”： look forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish、cinsider、Admit 、deny 2．動詞的-ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞： -ing分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see, hear, find, sm

13、ell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe 例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。 3．比較： 1）共同點：動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的-ing形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。 2）區(qū)別 ①動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般

14、則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進行。 ②動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動賓短語或介賓短語。 3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 4）動名詞與不定式語義不同 ： A.stop to do　　　　　 stop doing　　　 　 B. forget to do　　　　 forget doing 　 C. remember to do　　　 remember do

15、ing　　　　　 　 　 D. try to do　　　　　　 try doing 　 E. go on to do　　　　 go on doing　　　　　　　 　 F. continue to do continue doing 隨堂練習 1. The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 　　A. having written

16、 B. to be written 　　C. being written D. written 2. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting. 　　—Well, now I regret _______ that. 　　A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 3. We agreed _______ here

17、 but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 　　A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______. 　　A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 5. Pau

18、l doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. 　　A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 6. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 　　A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost 7. The

19、patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation. 　　A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 8. The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 　　A. first playing B. to be first play

20、ed 　　C. first played D. to be first playing 9. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 　　A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 10. European football is played i

21、n 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world. 　　A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” 　　A. read B. reads

22、 C. to read D. reading 12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult. 　　A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 13. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. 　　A.

23、to have studied B. to study 　　C. to be studying D. to have been studying 14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year. 　　A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to

24、carry out 15. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 　　A. Having suffered B. Suffering 　　C. To suffer D. Suffered 16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it re

25、mains _______ whether they will enjoy it. 　　A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 17. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 18. It is sa

26、id that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. 　　A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it　　 19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. 　

27、　A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 20. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. 　　A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George w

28、as the person _______. 　　A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 22. —What do you think made Mary so upset? 　　—_______ her new bike. 　　A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 23. The lady sai

29、d she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______. 　　A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain 　　C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 24. There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to choose. 　　A. to be chosen

30、 B. to choose from 　　C. to choose D. for choosing 25. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 　　A. Being founded B. It was founded 　　C. Founded

31、 D. Founding 26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _______. 　　A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too 　　C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 27. Finding her ca

32、r stolen, _______. 　　A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly 　　C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ th

33、eir products more competitive. 　　A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 29. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. 　　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 30. There is a new problem in

34、volved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______. 　　A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved 　　C. where; improving D. when; improving 31. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. 　　A. the thief having c

35、aught B. catch the thief 　　C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 32. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 　　A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Havin

36、g given 33. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew. 　　A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 34. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong. 　　A. admit B. admitted C. admitting

37、 D. to admit 35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. 　　A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 36. _______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleepin

38、g C. Sleep D. Having 37. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 　　A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled 38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for a

39、nother hour. 　　A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 39. In order to make our city green, _______. 　　A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant 　　C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant

40、 more trees 40. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? 　　—The key _______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers. 　　A. to solving, making B. to solving, made 　　C. to solve, making

41、 D. to solve, made 41. The teacher asked us _______ so much noise. 　　A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 42. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 　　A. Having given B. To give C. Giving

42、 D. Given 43. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put 　　　　　　 B. to be putting 　　C. to put 　 　　D. putting 　 答案詳解: 　1. D。表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作定語。 　　2. D。regret doing sth 表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以報告令人不快之事，表示對將要

43、說的話感到“遺憾、抱歉”，主語通常是 I / we, regret 用一般現(xiàn)在時。 　　3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在謂語動之后發(fā)生，用一般式，選 C。 　　4. A。根據(jù)句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；當不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時，為避免重復(fù)，通常省略 to 后的內(nèi)容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 對。 　　5. B。make sb do sth 的被動式為 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。 　　6. C?？疾檫^去分詞作狀語。Lost in thought=As he was lost in t

44、hought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；這類習慣表達還有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿著紅衣), be seated(就座)等。 　　7. C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被動式。 　　8. C。因 The Olympic games 與 play 是被動關(guān)系，排除 A 和 D；不定式的被動式，表示未來的動作，排除 B。表示“被動、完成”，用過去分詞。 　　9. B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，后

45、接不定式完成式，故選 B。 　　10. A?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。 　　11. D。 句中 read 意為“有某字樣”，a message pinned to the door 意為“釘在門上的一張紙條”，a message 與 read 是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。 　　12. B。考查非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。not to make it more difficult是與 to make it easier 形成對比的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者在句中作表語。 　　13. A。由 studied 可知，他曾到國外留過學，“留學”這個動作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語動作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。

46、 　　14. A。此句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,句中的 that 引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，它代表 the plan 并在從句中作 see 的賓語，the plan 與 carry out 是被動關(guān)系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year. 　　15. A。句意為“這條河已經(jīng)遭受如此嚴重的污染，現(xiàn)在要想清理也許為時已晚了”。suffer 發(fā)生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，無疑要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。 　　16. B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表語，see 與 it(形式主語，指whether they w

47、ill enjoy it)是動賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動式。 　　17. D?！斑B詞+分詞”作狀語，依然由句子主語與分詞的關(guān)系來確定，主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。the research 與 begin 是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞 begun。 　　18. C。do with 與 what 連用是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以表示“處置”、“利用”等。 　　19. B。find 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作補語，但不接不定式。he 與 smoke 是主動關(guān)系，用 -ing 形式作補語，故選 B。 　　20. D。look forward to 中 to 是介詞，后接動詞要用動名詞。若選

48、B，應(yīng)在其后加 to 才行。 　　21. C。不定式作定語，the person 是 send it 的對象，可理解為 to send it to the person。 　　22. C。用完整的句子應(yīng)這樣回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 　　23. D。因為 remain 是不及物動詞，其過去分詞無被動含義，所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定語，修飾 20 dollars。 　　24. B。句意是“有五雙可供選擇，我拿不定主意從中選擇哪一雙”，而不是選擇五雙。 　　25. C。Harvard(哈佛大學)與 found(建

49、立)是被動關(guān)系，且早在1636年已建立，故用過去分詞。 　　26. D?？疾榉侵^語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。因 and 連接兩個并列的簡單句，前一分句用-ing 形式作主語，后一分句也應(yīng)用 -ing 形式作主語。 　　27. D。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子主語。Finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語顯然是 she，故選 D。意為：她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的車被人偷了，她就趕緊報警求援。 　　28. A。不定式作目的狀語?！笆巩a(chǎn)品更具競爭性”是“正在努力的目的”。 　　29. C?！斑B詞+分詞”作狀語。his parents 與 lack money(缺錢)是主動關(guān)系，又因為 la

50、ck 是及物動詞，不用介詞，故選C。 　　30. A。that 引導(dǎo)的從句與 problem 是同位語。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”時，后接動名詞的主動式或接不定式的被動式都可以。 　　31. C。lead to(導(dǎo)致、使)中的 to 是介詞，后接動名詞；邏輯主語 the thief 與catch 是被動關(guān)系，故選 C。 　　32. A。given 作介詞，意為“鑒于、考慮到”，可接名詞或 that 從句。 　　33. B。hang 表示“懸掛”時，可用作及物或不及物動詞，此處填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung

51、，因為它表示動作正在進行，而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。 　　34. A。介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞，但 but / except 等介詞后卻可以接不定式，前面有行為動詞 do 時不帶 to，無 do 時要帶 to。 　　35. B。devote卼o?把…貢獻給…；致力于…)中 to 是介詞，應(yīng)接-ing 形式；all 是 devote 的賓語，he had 是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 all。注意，千萬不要以為 had to 是“不得不”，后接動詞原形，而去選 A，那就中了命題人的圈套了。 　　36. A。不定式作目的狀語。句意為：為了下午多睡一會，Bob 關(guān)掉了鬧鐘

52、。 　　37. C?！靶庐斶x的總統(tǒng)日子不好過”是因為“有許多問題要解決”，表示“有…要…”用不定式作定語。 　　38. A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味著。句意為：在英國的某些地方搭不上公共汽車意味著要再等一個小時。 　　39. D?！笆钩鞘芯G化”是“我們(we)”的目的。 　　40. B。key to(…的關(guān)鍵)中 to 是介詞，應(yīng)接動名詞；又因名詞 demand 與 make 是被動關(guān)系(make demands 提出要求)，另有 by 這一標志詞暗示，用過去分詞作定語。???????? 　　41. D。ask，tell, want 等后要接帶 to

53、的不定式作賓補，其否定式是在不定式前加 not。即 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。 　　42. D。give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故選 D，Given time=If he is given time。 43. D。catch sb. doing sth. 意為碰巧撞見某人正在做某事。 歸納總結(jié) 1. 非謂語動詞易錯點 2. 非謂語動詞難點 課后作業(yè) 1. 整理 錯題 2. 回家作業(yè) 1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the

54、music. 　　A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear 　　C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your e

55、yes. 　　A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 　　A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 4. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on

56、the way back to his motherland. 　　A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 5. You were silly not ________ your car. 　　A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your t

57、eeth. 　　A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 　　A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ___

58、_____ out of the window. 　　A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. 　　A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 10. ________ in the que

59、ue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 　　A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. 　　A. knowing B. known C. b

60、eing known D. to be known 12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party. 　　A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 13. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the

61、 farm. 　　A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 14. I don’t know whether you happen ________ , but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. 　　A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 15. The news repo

62、rters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left. 　　A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. 　　A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. pa

63、ssing 17. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. 　　A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 18. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 　　A. Not completing B.

64、 Not completed 　　C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 19. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming. 　　A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 20.

65、 According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. 　　A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch 21. The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 　　A.

66、cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 22. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. 　　A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 23. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. 　　A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 24. Having been attacked by terr